Lo lus "transcription" tsis tuaj yeem paub tab sis paub rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov lus txawv teb chaws hauv lawv lub neej (txawm tias lawv tsuas kawm lus Askiv me ntsis thaum lawv kawm xyoo). Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis paub meej rau ntau yam kev sau ntawv yog dab tsi, nws tshwm sim hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub, thiab vim li cas thiaj li xav tau ib qho kev hloov pauv txhua. Wb sim ua kom tiav.
Kev sau ntawv. Kev txhais lus txhais
Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov kev txhais lus yog dab tsi hauv Lavxias. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv linguistics, nws yog to taub raws li ib txoj kev los qhia lub suab ntawm ib lo lus siv ib tug tshwj xeeb system ntawm cov paib. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom kev muaj nyob - scientific transcription thiab practical transcription. Txhua leej txhua tus paub txog qhov thib ob, yam tsis muaj kev zam, vim nws tsuas yog txhais tau tias kev hloov ntawm ib lo lus txawv teb chaws hauv kev sau ntawv thiab cov duab kos duab ntawm hom lus. Yog li, txhawm rau sau cov lus sau ua lus qhia txog lub npe ntawm General Motors lub tuam txhab, koj tsis tas yuav paub lwm yam tshaj li cov lus no nyeem. Hauv Lavxias, nws yuav zoo li no: "Generalmotors".
Kev hloov pauv kev tshawb fawb
Kev sau ntawv tshawb fawb yog hom ntawv sau los ntawm cov kws paub lus thiab npaj siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab sau ntawv. Nws tseem tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom - phonemic thiab phonemic. Kev pom ntawm scientific transcription txawv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb sib txawv. Yog li, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam kev xav txog kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem raug hu ua: Moscow Phonological School (MPS) thiab Leningrad (Petersburg) Phonological School (LPS). L. V. Shcherba raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm tom kawg.
Kev txhais lus
Qhov no yog dab tsi? Thiab transcription yog qhov ncaj qha muab tso ua ke ntawm transcription. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus sau tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus thiab cov phau ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv thawj zaug, transcription yog kaw nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv mus rau scientific, txawm hais tias nws yog feem ntau muab nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim daim ntawv (nyob ntawm seb tus neeg nyob hauv phau ntawv txhais lus). Ib qho piv txwv ntawm hom no: [ˌɡʊdˈbaɪ] (American version) thiab [ɡʊdˈbʌɪ] rau qhov zoo-paub goodbye "Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus. Nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim kab lus phau ntawv" rau dummies "peb yuav feem ntau yuav tau raws li cov tswv yim sau, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntawv., kom nws nyeem tau yooj yim dua, nws suab yooj yim dua, tab sis cov neeg hais lus tseem pom tias: "goodbye".
Sau cov lus txhais ntawm cov lus "nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb" yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv philological thiab linguistic faculties ntawm universities. Kev txhais lus yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov neeg uas yav tom ntej npaj rau kev tshaj lij hauv kev txhais lus, humanitariankev qhia lossis kev tshawb fawb txog kev paub lus.
