Kharkov boiler 1942

Cov txheej txheem:

Kharkov boiler 1942
Kharkov boiler 1942
Anonim

Raws li koj paub, txij li thawj hnub ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj thiab tau ntau lub hlis, cov tub rog Soviet tau thim rov qab mus rau tag nrho lub tebchaws sab hnub poob ciam teb. Thawj thawj zaug, tus yeeb ncuab sai sai tau nres tsuas yog thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1941, nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Moscow. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev siv dag zog tsis txaus ntseeg, Tub Rog Liab tau tswj hwm kom thawb rov qab rau Nazis. Qhov no tau muab cov tub rog hais kom ua kom paub tseeb tias cov tub rog tau npaj los ua kev tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav tsis zoo no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj nyob ze Kharkov.

Kharkov cauldron 1942
Kharkov cauldron 1942

Kev npaj pib

Thaum lub sijhawm thaum kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog German tau ua tiav tiav, thiab, ntxiv rau, cov yeeb ncuab tau raug pov rov qab los ntawm Moscow ciam teb ntawm qhov sib nrug deb, feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam tau khiav tawm dhau ntawm Urals, qhov twg hauv ntau qhov kev hloov pauv feem ntau cov tuam txhab tau nquag tsim cov khoom siv tub rog. Kev muab riam phom rau cov tub rog nquag tau normalized, ntxiv rau, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tau loj hlob. Twb tau nyob rau lub quarter thib ob ntawm xyoo 1942, nws tuaj yeem tsim tsis tau tsuas yog kev txhawb nqa rau cov tub rog nquag, tab sis kuj muaj cuaj tub rog cia.

Raws li cov xwm txheej no, cov lus txib siab tau txiav txim siab los tsim ntau qhov kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm pem hauv ntej kom demoralize tus yeeb ncuab, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev sib sau nws cov tub rog, txiav tawm sab qab teb ntawm Germans thiab pinning. lawv nqes, rhuav tshem lawv. Ntawm cov kev lag luam tawm tswv yim yog Kharkiv hnab tshos xyoo 1942.

Txoj kev sib tsoo yav tom ntej

Los ntawm Soviet sab, nws tau txiav txim siab los koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm peb sab pem hauv ntej - Bryansk, South-Western thiab yav qab teb. Lawv suav nrog ntau tshaj kaum cov tub rog sib koom ua ke, nrog rau xya lub tank corps thiab ntau tshaj nees nkaum lub tank sib cais. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug cia tau coj mus rau pem hauv ntej kab, uas muaj xws li ntxiv tank formations. Kharkov cauldron xyoo 1942 tau ua tib zoo npaj, kom ntau tshaj 640 txhiab tus neeg tua rog, suav nrog cov tub ceev xwm, thiab 1,2 txhiab lub tank tau npaj rau kev koom tes hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua yav tom ntej.

Cov lus txib ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm tseem raug tso cai rau thawj tus neeg ntawm lub teb chaws cov thawj coj tub rog. Ntawm cov thawj coj yog lub taub hau ntawm Southwestern Front, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm yog coj los ntawm tus thawj coj Ivan Bagramyan, thiab Nikita Khrushchev. Nyob rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Southern Front nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm yog Lieutenant General Rodion Malinovsky. Hitler cov tub rog tau coj los ntawm Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Tag nrho lub zog muaj peb pab tub rog, suav nrog rau Pab Tub Rog thib rau ntawm Paulus. Rau nws qhov, Wehrmacht hu ua haujlwm Kharkov Cauldron ntawm 1942 "Fredericus".

Kharkov cauldron 1942
Kharkov cauldron 1942

Npaj ua haujlwm

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 1942, Soviet pab tub rog pib npaj maneuvers. PibKev tsim ntawm lub taub hau muaj zog los ntawm cov koog ntawm South-Western Pem hauv ntej hauv cheeb tsam Kharkov nyob ze lub nroog Izyum, ze ntawm Seversky Donets River, nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej uas nws muaj peev xwm tsim kev txhawb nqa rau kev tawm tsam ntxiv rau Kharkov thiab Dnepropetrovsk. Tshwj xeeb, cov tub rog Soviet tswj tau txiav txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, uas tau siv los muab cov yeeb ncuab cov koom haum. Txawm li cas los xij, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab cov slush uas tuaj nrog nws cuam tshuam nrog kev npaj ua tsov rog - qhov kev tawm tsam yuav tsum tau nres.

Kharkov cauldron 1943
Kharkov cauldron 1943

Ua ntej ntawm nkhaus

Raws li cov phiaj xwm ntawm German cov lus txib siab, nws tau xav tias Kharkov cauldron xyoo 1942 yuav pib nthuav tawm hauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub taub hau tsim los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig. Kev tawm tsam ntawm Nazis yuav tsum pib rau lub Tsib Hlis 18, tab sis cov tub rog liab ua ntej ntawm Germans, pib nce mus rau rau hnub ua ntej. Kev ua haujlwm tau pib nrog kev tawm tsam ib txhij ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb. Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm lub Soviet commander, lub sixth Army yuav tsum tau nyob ib ncig ntawm - nyob rau hauv lub Kharkov cauldron. Xyoo 1942 zoo li muaj kev vam meej txij thaum pib - thaum xub thawj, cov phiaj xwm ntawm Soviet tsim tau ua tiav. Tsib hnub tom qab, lawv yeej tswj tau thawb cov Germans mus rau Kharkov.

Tam sim no, los ntawm sab qab teb ntawm Germans, peb cov tub rog Soviet tau thawb ib zaug, uas tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv German thiab khiav mus rau qhov chaw me me uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev pib. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, thaum thawj hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 65 mais mus rau hauv German tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Sab Qab Teb Sab Qab Teb tsis tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheejnquag nquag, uas tso cai rau cov neeg German los taw qhia lawv tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej hauv lub sijhawm thiab rov ua tub rog rov qab, tshem tag nrho cov chav nyob ntawm thaj chaw tawm tsam.

Vov Kharkov
Vov Kharkov

Thawj qhov tsis ua tiav yog harbiners ntawm kev puas tsuaj

Kev Ua Haujlwm "Kharkov Cauldron" (1942) tau ua tiav rau sab Soviet tsuas yog thawj ob peb hnub. Thaum kawg ntawm hnub thib tsib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws tau pom tseeb tias txhua yam tsis mus raws li kev npaj. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau tawg heev, thiab cov tub rog Soviet yuav tsum tau txav mus deb ua ntej, tab sis lawv tseem stomped rau pem hauv ntej kab. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sector, tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv German tawm tsam dragged rau. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau sau tseg tias twb nyob rau thawj hnub, cov tub rog tawm tsam los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb tau ua qhov tsis sib xws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim ntawm Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Qab Teb Sab Qab Teb tau ua qhov tsis sib xws ntawm txhua qhov, uas tsim kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tau tsim, kev npaj cov qauv tsim vaj tsev thiab cov teeb meem nyob rau theem qis heev. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyuaj rau sab qab teb. Qhov no yog ib feem yog vim li cas Kharkov boiler ntawm 1942 nws thiaj li hloov mus ua ib tug tiag tiag kev puas tsuaj rau cov tub rog Soviet. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov lus txib tsis tau xav tias muaj peev xwm ntawm German kev tawm tsam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Lub taub hau tsim tsim tau txhawb kev ntseeg siab.

daim ntawv teev cov neeg tuag Kharkiv cauldron
daim ntawv teev cov neeg tuag Kharkiv cauldron

Kickback

Cov tub rog German kuj tau npaj xa ob qhov kev tawm tsam los ntawm sab qab teb ntawm tus choj taub hau txhawm rau txhim khontxiv tawm tsam Izyum. Cov tub rog cuaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov haujlwm no. Nws tau npaj tseg tias Nazis yuav tawg los ntawm Soviet tiv thaiv thiab txiav cov tub rog ua ob feem kom nyob ib puag ncig lawv thiab rhuav tshem lawv cais. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam kom rhuav tshem tag nrho cov pab pawg tub rog uas tau nyob ntawm tus choj taub hau.

Hnub thib tsib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tus yeeb ncuab Thawj Tub Rog Tub Rog tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev txhawb nqa ntawm Red Army thiab tawm tsam. Peb ntxiv tias txawm tias thawj hnub lawv muaj peev xwm txiav tawm ib qho ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Qab Teb los ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb thiab hauv kaum hnub kom tsis suav nrog lawv txoj kev rov qab mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Tej zaum, txawm tias tom qab ntawd Kharkov cauldron ntawm xyoo 1942 (cov duab ntsig txog cov xwm txheej tau nthuav tawm hauv kev tshuaj xyuas) tau poob. Timoshenko, paub txog qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nug Moscow rau kev tso cai tawm mus. Thiab txawm hais tias Alexander Vasilevsky, lub sijhawm ntawd twb tau tsa tus thawj coj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm, tau tso cai, Stalin tau hais tias nws cov lus "tsis muaj". Yog li ntawd, twb nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 23, ntau lub tebchaws Soviet tau nyob ib puag ncig.

Konstantin bulls kharkov cauldron xyoo 1942
Konstantin bulls kharkov cauldron xyoo 1942

Yim Npuag

Txij thaum ntawd los, Tub Rog Liab tau tawv ncauj sim ua txhaum kev thaiv. Tshwj xeeb, cov tub ceev xwm German tau rov qab xav tau kev tawm tsam thiab mob siab rau los ntawm cov tub rog loj heev. Kev sim tsis tau tshwj xeeb yog ua tiav: peb hnub tom qab pib ntawm kev thaiv, cov Soviet units tau tsav mus rau hauv ib cheeb tsam me me ze ntawm lub nroog me me ntawm Barvenkovo. Nws tsuas yog thawj theem ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Kharkov hnab ris tsuas yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm kev npaj tsis txaus thiabinconsistency ntawm kev ua. Vim lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm cov Germans, lub Soviet units ua tsis tau tejyam tawm ntawm ib puag ncig. Thiab Tymoshenko tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm tawm tsam.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim ua kom peb cov neeg tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig txuas ntxiv ob peb hnub ntxiv. Txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj loj (cov npe ntawm cov neeg tuag yog qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg), Kharkov cauldron tswj kom tawg los ntawm me ntsis ze ntawm lub zos Lozovenki. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib feem kaum ntawm cov neeg uas poob rau hauv nws tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm lub cuab. Nws yog ib tug crushing swb. Cov neeg tuag nyob rau hauv Kharkov cauldron xyoo 1942 - 171 txhiab tus neeg - cia lawv lub neej zoo li ntawd, ib tug yuav hais tias, vim Stalin lub siab nyiam. Tag nrho cov poob mus txog 270 txhiab.

Kev puas tsuaj loj

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ua tsis tiav yog tag nrho kev tsis muaj zog ntawm Soviet tiv thaiv raws tag nrho ntev ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Qab Teb. Cov rog loj heev tau nqis peev hauv Kharkov cauldron (1942). Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm kev cia siab rau qhov hloov pauv hauv kev ua tsov ua rog tau mob heev. Thiab lub Wehrmacht, tau kawg, siv nws ntse.

Cov Nazis tau pib ua kev tawm tsam loj hauv kev coj ntawm Caucasus, nrog rau Volga. Twb tau thaum kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli, dhau ntawm Kharkov thiab Kursk, lawv tau hla mus rau Don. Kharkov Cauldron xyoo 1942 raug nqi ntau heev - cov npe ntawm cov neeg tuag tau rov qab los ntawm ntau tus thawj coj tub rog, suav nrog cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thiab pem hauv ntej. Tab sis txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj, qhov kev poob tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum cov Germans coj Voronezh thiab tsiv mus rau Rostov, cov tub rog Soviet poob los ntawm 80 mus rau 200 txhiab tub rog ua neeg raug kaw. Coj Rostov mus rau thaum xaus Lub Xya Hli, hauvThaum lub Yim Hli, tus yeeb ncuab tau mus txog Stalingrad, ib txoj kab uas cov Germans yuav hla tsis tau lawm.

Konstantin Bykov tau sau ib phau ntawv hais txog qhov xwm txheej tam sim no nyob ze Kharkov, hais txog qhov kawg kev yeej ntawm Wehrmacht ntawm thaj chaw ntawm USSR, "Kharkov Cauldron of 1942".

Kharkov cauldron 1942 yees duab
Kharkov cauldron 1942 yees duab

Rov qab mus rau Kharkov

Qhov tseeb, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kharkov ciam teb tau tshwm sim ntau dua ib zaug. Thiab qhov no yog to taub. Hitler pib nws qhov kev tawm tsam los ntawm Belarus thiab Ukraine. Ntawm txoj kev mus rau Kharkov, cov tub rog Soviet twb pib taug kev thiab kawm kom tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab. Yog li, thawj Kharkov boiler nyob rau hauv 1941 "boiled" thoob plaws lub Kaum Hlis. Tom qab ntawd ob tog sib ntaus sib tua desperately rau industrial we alth ntawm lub nroog. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm lub sijhawm lub nroog poob, feem ntau ntawm cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau raug tshem tawm lossis puas lawm.

Kev sib tsoo thib peb ntawm tib kab tau tshwm sim ib xyoos tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua thib ob. Lwm Kharkov cauldron - 1943 - tau tsim nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj-Lub peb hlis ntuj nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Kharkov thiab Voronezh. Thiab lub sij hawm no lub nroog kuj surrendered. Kev poob ntawm ob sab yog ntau tshaj qhov ua tau zoo.

Pom zoo: