Cov lus Lavxias, ntxiv rau qhov kev ywj pheej thiab kev pabcuam ntawm kev hais lus, kuj tseem muaj npe hu ua cov ntawv tshwj xeeb. Cov no suav nrog cov reflexive gerund thiab txhua hom gerunds feem ntau. Muaj ntau tus neeg txhais lus tseem tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem pom zoo txog qhov no ntawm kev hais lus. Qee qhov sib cav tias qhov no yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, thaum lwm tus sib cav tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus qhia hauv kev tsim thiab siv cov gerund yog qhov zoo heev los tham txog nws txoj kev ywj pheej.
Definition
Ua ntej, cia peb nco ntsoov dab tsi yog gerund? Qhov no yog ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus lossis nws tseem hu ua ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia, uas txhais tau hais tias kev nqis tes ua nrog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Teb cov lus nug "Koj ua dab tsi?", "Koj ua dab tsi?"
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws muaj nyob hauv ntau hom lus, tshwj tsis yog lus Lavxias: hauv Latin, Fabkis thiab lwm tus, lawv hu ua gerunds.
Los ntawm keeb kwm, qhov kev koom ua ke belongs raunyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv unarticulated, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, mus rau ib tug luv luv daim ntawv ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nominative rooj plaub. Thiab nws tshwm sim vim poob ntawm daim ntawv declension ntawm inarticulate participle.
Dual Nature
Ib tug gerund ntawm txhua yam yog feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog ib tug verb los yog ib tug adverb. Thiab tag nrho vim hais tias ib feem ntawm cov lus no muaj ob qhov xwm txheej.
Cia peb xav txog dab tsi nta endowed cov lus qhia thiab adverb nrog lub gerund:
| Sign of verb | Sign of adverb | |
| Nyob ntawm hom |
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| Perfect | Imperfect | |
Piv txwv: kov yeej, tsev, luag ntxhi. |
(s). Piv txwv: kov yeej, tsev, luag ntxhi. |
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Kev hloov pauv |
Intransitive | |
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Hais lus nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tsis muaj preposition. Piv txwv: Tshawb xyuas thaj chaw |
Tsis muaj tus neeg raug liam. Example:taug kev, lom zem |
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| Returnability | ||
| rov qab | Irrevocable | |
Piv txwv: da dej (los ntawm kev ua luam dej), mus yuav (los ntawm kev yuav khoom) |
-in. Piv txwv: qhib (los ntawm qhib), lub tsev (los ntawm lub tsev) |
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| Syntactic role | ||
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Nyob hauv kab lus, nws yog ib qho kev hloov kho. Piv txwv (irrevocable gerund): Mloog, tsis cuam tshuam. Tsis xav txog tej yam phem, cov neeg taug kev mus rau ntawm pob zeb. Example (reflexive participle): Thaum kuv rov qab los, kuv pom kuv txiv nyob hauv tsev xwb. |
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Spelling with "not"
Ntau zaus, qhov kev koom tes nrog cov lus "tsis yog" raug sau cais (vim txhua tus neeg nco txog txoj cai paub zoo: "tsis" yog sau cais nrog cov lus qhia).
Piv txwv: tsis nyeem, tsis daws.
Tab sis, raws li koj paub, muaj kev zam rau txoj cai. Qhov kev xav tau thiab lwm yam ntawm cov lus hais no nrog cov lus "tsis yog" yuav raug sau ua ke yog tias:
- Tus gerund yog tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia uas tsis siv yam tsis muaj "tsis yog" (indignantly, underestimating, tsis tau pom txaus);
- Tus gerund yog tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia nrog lub npe "nedo-" (tsis txaus ntsev, tsis txaus pw tsaug zog).
Dhau li, txhua lo lusthiab nws cov ntawv sau yuav tsum tau saib hauv cov ntsiab lus. Cov lus Lavxias insidious tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob, txawm tias cov lus hais rau cov lus kawg ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev xav thiab cov lus tsis txaus siab tuaj yeem pab tsis tau.
Piv txwv: tsis noj thiab tsis noj.
Muam tawm mus tsev kawm ntawv tsis noj tshais. - Ntawm no lo lus yog siv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm "tsis noj tag nrho."
Thaum tsov rog, tib neeg tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj zaub mov ntau hli. - Ntawm no lo lus no yog siv rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm "tsis noj txaus, yuav luag tshaib plab."
Syntactic role
Lub reflexive gerund, nrog rau lwm hom gerunds, muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Adjacent to verb-predicate, ua ib qho xwm txheej.
- Tsis txhob sib cav.
- Tsis tshua txuas rau lub npe predicate uas yog lub npe lossis luv adjective.
- Ib sab ntawm qhov ua piv txwv, qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim ntxiv uas nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm los ntawm qhov ua piv txwv;
- Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv daim ntawv sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia.
Hauv kev sau ntawv, muaj cov lus hais lus uas tau muab cais los ntawm commas.
