Txhua ntu ntawm kev hais lus hauv Lavxias ua nws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cov lus qhia ua rau peb cov lus txav mus, lub npe, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ua rau nws zoo li qub. Tab sis peb cov lus muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj ua tsaug rau cov lus qhia. Nrog nws cov kev pab, txhua yam ntawv tho txawv los rau lub neej, cov duab pib ua si nrog cov xim tshiab. Peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov cim qhia ntawm lub npe thiab nws cov yam ntxwv hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Thaum koj tsim cov ntawv nyeem, piv txwv li, ib tsab ntawv, koj xav kom nws sib txawv thiab ua kom muaj yeeb yuj. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov duab tiag tiag ntawm qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev siv cov npe. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ntu no ntawm kev hais lus yog ntxiv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau txhua yam khoom, txawm tias nws yog cov ntaub ntawv sab nraud lossis tus cwj pwm zoo. Raws li nws, epithets (paj adjectives) yog tsim, uas muab figurativeness rau peb cov lus.
Nrog nws txoj kev pab, peb tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov loj (loj), qhov hnyav (lub teeb), lub cev (qab zib, kub), zoo (zoo, ruddy, laus) thiab lwm yam nta,Yog li ntawd, tsis tas yuav tham txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev hais lus no.
Cov paib ruaj khov
Kawm txog morphology, cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau ua ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws - kev tshuaj xyuas morphological. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum paub cov cim qhia ntawm lub npe, koom nrog, kev qhia thiab lwm qhov ntawm kev hais lus. Txhua feem ntawm kev hais lus muaj nws tus kheej. Cia peb tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws ntxiv txog cov yam ntxwv tas mus li ntawm lub npe.
Muaj tseeb, peb yuav tham txog ib yam - hais txog qeb. Tsuas yog nws nyob tas mus li rau ntu lus no. Cia peb saib seb qhov tso tawm yog dab tsi.
Raws li lawv lub ntsiab lus, adjectives feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv grammatical tshwj xeeb. Pawg ntawm cov npe no hu ua qeb.
Quality
Hom no, raws li nws lub npe, cais cov lus qhia uas qhia txog qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, zoo nkauj (zoo li), zoo (tus cwj pwm zoo), ntsuab (xim), puag ncig (zoo li). Cov pab pawg no yog cov neeg coob coob thiab yooj yim sib txawv ntawm lwm tus. Tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus zoo tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv qib sib piv (me me - tsawg - tsawg). Lwm qhov txawv yog tias lawv tuaj yeem muaj daim ntawv luv luv uas lwm tus lej tsis tuaj yeem (zoo yog qhov zoo).
Ntxhais
Pab pawg ntawm adjective no qhia txog ib qho kev qhia uas qhia txog tus cwj pwm txawv rau ib yam khoom: mus rau qhov chaw (ua luam dej), mus rau lub caij (lub caij ntuj no), rau cov khoom siv (pob zeb, paj rwb), mus rau tus lej (ob npaug).
qeb no tsis muaj, sib piv rau cov khoom zoo, daim ntawv luv thiab tsis muajpiv los ntawm hwj chim.
Nyob zoo
Lawv muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb: cov npe no tsuas yog cov lus teb rau lo lus nug "leej twg?". Qhov no siv tau rau tib neeg (niam, viv ncaus) thiab tsiaj txhu (dais, hma).
tsis sib xws adjective nta
Tab sis muaj ntau yam ntxiv. Rau txhua tus lej, qhov sib xws yuav yog:
- Qhia. Raws li koj paub, muaj peb ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab: txiv neej, nruab nrab thiab poj niam. Txhua qhov adjectives yuav muaj tag nrho peb daim ntawv, piv txwv li, daj - daj - daj (zoo); ntoo - ntoo - ntoo (kwv yees); hare - hare - hare (possessive).
- Nruas. Singular (smart) thiab plural (nplua nuj) muaj nyob hauv txhua qib.
- Cas. Adjectives yooj yim hloov nyob rau hauv rooj plaub. Tsuas yog cov khoom muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsis lees paub.
Rau cov lus qhia zoo, xws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus qhia raws li qib kev sib piv, nrog rau daim ntawv luv tau ntxiv.
Kev sib txuas lus thiab cov ntsiab lus: yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob yuam kev?
Ntau tus tseem nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm cov lus no. Thiab tag nrho vim lawv muaj ib lo lus nug "dab tsi?" thiab lwm yam zoo sib xws. Dab tsi yog cov cim qhia ntawm adjective nyob rau hauv participle, peb yuav pom nyob rau hauv kom meej.
Dhau li ntawm lo lus nug uas koom ua ke lawv, lawv muaj hom kev declension. Txij li thaum outwardly lawv yog xyaum indistinguishable thiab muaj ib tug zoo tshwm sim (ntse - adjective, xav - participle), ces lawv yuav hloov sib npaug zos rau cov neeg, cov zauv thiab tag nrho peb cov poj niam txiv neej. Ntawd yog, peb xaus tias tag nrhocov yam ntxwv tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kev koom nrog adjective tau dhau mus.
Ntxiv rau, ob qho tib si ntawm kev hais lus yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj ib daim ntawv luv luv: tsaus - tsaus nti (adjective), ua tiav - ua tiav (participle). Cov ntawv luv luv, zoo li tag nrho, hloov tsis yog los ntawm poj niam txiv neej, tab sis kuj yog tus lej.
Yog tias peb txiav txim siab tsis yog tsuas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov koom nrog, tab sis kuj yog lawv cov kev ua haujlwm sib luag, ces peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kab lus zoo sib xws. Hauv daim ntawv qhia tag nrho, ob qho tib si ntawm kev hais lus yuav yog cov ntsiab lus, thiab lawv cov ntawv luv luv yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov ua piv txwv lossis yog ib feem ntawm nws.
Zoo kawg
Kev paub txog yam dab tsi uas tus cwj pwm muaj, txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim ua qhov kev soj ntsuam morphological ntawm ntu ntawm kev hais lus. Nws yuav yooj yim heev yog tias koj paub ob peb txoj cai yooj yim piav qhia hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias ib qho adjective zoo ib yam li cov neeg koom. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau lawv, nco ntsoov tias qhov kawg yog tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia. Thiab qhov adjective feem ntau siv nws lub hauv paus los ntawm lub npe.
