Zaj lus no yuav paub cov neeg nyeem nrog cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob uas yooj yim tshaj plaws, uas yog, nws tsom mus rau cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob ntsws, uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm excretory (thiab tsis yog xwb), tham txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm protozoa thiab piav qhia. txoj kev ntawm lawv nyob hauv ib puag ncig.
Kev cog lus vacuole. Tswv yim
Vacuole (los ntawm Fabkis vacuole, los ntawm Latin lo lus vacuus - khoob), kheej kheej-zoo li kab noj hniav me me nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj hlwb los yog unicellular kab mob. Contractile vacuoles feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob yooj yim tshaj plaws uas nyob hauv dej tshiab, piv txwv li, ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv, xws li amoeba proteus thiab ciliate slipper, uas tau txais lub npe qub vim yog lub cev zoo li lub cev, zoo ib yam li cov duab ntawm lub cev. ib nkawm khau. Ntxiv rau cov protozoa uas tau teev tseg saum toj no, cov qauv zoo ib yam kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm ntau cov dej tsis huv uas muaj nyob rau tsev neeg Badyagaceae.
Cov qauv ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuole. Features
Lub contractile vacuole yog ib daim nyias nyias uas ejects kua ntau dhau ntawm lub cytoplasm. Lub localization thiab cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej no txawv ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv. Los ntawm ib tug complex ntawm vesicular los yog tubular vacuoles hu ua spongia, kua nkag mus rau hauv contractile vacuole. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua haujlwm tas li ntawm qhov system no, lub ntim ruaj khov ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes yog khaws cia. Protozoa muaj contractile vacuoles, uas yog ib tug apparatus uas tswj osmotic siab, thiab kuj ua hauj lwm rau excrete cov khoom lwj ntawm lub cev. Lub cev ntawm protozoa muaj tsuas yog ib lub cell, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, ua tag nrho cov tsim nyog lub neej functions. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj no, xws li ciliate slipper, amoeba, thiab lwm yam kab mob unicellular, muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm ib tug neeg ywj siab.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm protozoa
Lub xovtooj ntawm tes ua txhua yam haujlwm tseem ceeb: tshem tawm, ua pa, chim siab, txav, rov tsim dua, metabolism. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog ubiquitous. Cov tsiaj loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv dej hiav txwv thiab dej tshiab, ntau nyob hauv av noo, tuaj yeem kis tau cov nroj tsuag, nyob hauv lub cev ntawm ntau cov tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, protozoa ua lub luag haujlwm huv, lawv kuj koom nrog hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov tshuaj, lawv yog zaub mov rau ntau tus tsiaj.
Kev cog lus vacuole hauv hom amoeba
Amoeba zoo tib yam - tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm rhizomes,tsis muaj, tsis zoo li lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib lub cev mus tas li. Kev txav yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab ntawm pseudopods. Tam sim no cia peb txheeb xyuas seb qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuole ua haujlwm li cas hauv amoeba. Qhov no yog txoj cai ntawm qib osmotic siab hauv nws lub cell. Nws tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv amoeba proteus nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub cell. Los ntawm cov txheej membrane, dej los ntawm ib puag ncig nkag mus rau osmotically. Qhov concentration ntawm solutes hauv amoeba cell yog siab dua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig. Yog li, lub siab sib txawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cell ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab sab nraum nws. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub contractile vacuole nyob rau hauv ib qho amoeba yog ib hom twj tso kua mis uas tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau ntawm lub cell ntawm cov kab mob yooj yim. Amoeba Proteus tuaj yeem tso cov kua hauv ib puag ncig ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub cev.
Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuole no tau txais rau cov kab mob yooj yim tshaj plaws nyob hauv dej tshiab. Nyob rau hauv parasitic thiab marine cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas lub osmotic siab siab tshaj nyob rau hauv cov dej tshiab, cov primitive apparatuses cog lus tsawg heev los yog feem ntau tsis tuaj. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub contractile vacuole nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov kab mob protozoan, mitochondria yog concentrated, xa lub zog los ua haujlwm osmotic.
Ntxiv nrog rau osmoregulatory, nws ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua pa hauv lub neej, vim tias yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm osmosis, cov dej xa tuaj xa oxygen yaj hauv nws. Dab tsi lwm txoj haujlwm ua qhov contractile vacuole ua? Nws kuj ua ib qho excretory muaj nuj nqi, uas yog, ua ke nrog dej, cov khoom metabolic raug tso tawm rau hauvlawv ib puag ncig.
Ua pa, tso tawm, osmoregulation hauv khau ciliates
Lub cev ntawm protozoa yog npog nrog lub plhaub ntom ntom, uas muaj qhov zoo li qub. Nws pub rau cov kab mob thiab cov algae, suav nrog qee cov protozoa. Cov kab mob ntawm ciliates muaj cov qauv ntau dua li ntawm amoeba. Nyob rau hauv cov khau cell, ob lub contractile vacuoles nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab. Nyob rau hauv no apparatus, ib tug reservoir thiab ob peb me me tubules yog distinguishable. Contractile vacuoles tas li, ua tsaug rau cov qauv no (los ntawm microtubules), nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov hauv cell.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa nqus pa hauv lub neej ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov protozoa no yog osmoregulation, nws kuj tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau ntawm tes, uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cell vim osmosis. Ua ntej, cov thawj coj swell, ces cov dej los ntawm lawv yog pumped mus rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb reservoir. Lub reservoir yog txo, sib cais los ntawm cov thawj channel, dej yog pov tawm los ntawm lub pores. Muaj ob lub contractile vacuoles nyob rau hauv lub ciliate cell, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, ua nyob rau hauv antiphase. Vim yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub cuab yeej zoo li no, cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv tau ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, dej tsis tu ncua circulates vim kev ua ntawm contractile vacuoles. Lawv sib cog lus ib los ntawm ib tug, thiab qhov zaus ntawm contractions nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Yog li, ntawm chav tsev kub (+ 18 - + 20 ° C), qhov zaus ntawm vacuole contractions yog, raws li qee qhov chaw, 10-15 vib nas this. Thiab muab hais tias lub ntuj nyobnkawm khau yog cov dej tshiab reservoirs nrog dej stagnation thiab muaj cov decaying organic tshuaj nyob rau hauv nws, qhov kub ntawm no ib puag ncig hloov los ntawm ob peb degrees nyob ntawm seb lub caij thiab, yog li ntawd, qhov zaus ntawm contractions tuaj yeem ncav cuag 20-25 vib nas this. Nyob rau hauv ib teev, lub contractile vacuole ntawm cov kab mob uas yooj yim tshaj plaws yog muaj peev xwm pov dej tawm ntawm lub cell kom muaj nuj nqis. commensurate nrog nws loj. Lawv khaws cov as-ham, undigested zaub mov residues, metabolic kawg khoom, thiab oxygen thiab nitrogen kuj yuav kuaj tau.
kho dej khib nyiab nrog qhov yooj yim tshaj
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm protozoa ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov tshuaj hauv qhov xwm txheej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nyob rau hauv lub reservoir, vim lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, cov kab mob kis loj heev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau yam kab mob yooj yim tshwm sim, uas siv cov kab mob no ua zaub mov thiab ua rau muaj kev ua kom huv huv ntawm lub cev dej.
Zoo kawg
Txawm hais tias cov qauv yooj yim ntawm cov kab mob unicellular, nws lub cev muaj ib lub xovtooj, tab sis ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kabmob, xav tsis thoob rau ib puag ncig. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub contractile vacuole. Txog niaj hnub no, qhov tseem ceeb loj ntawm protozoa nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej thiab lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov khoom tau raug pov thawj.
