Kev hloov pauv tsis tiav thiab tsis tiav ntawm kab txiav txim siab qhov txawv ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab lub neej. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhim kho thiab hloov mus rau cov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Kab nrog metamorphosis tag nrho yuav tau tham hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm kab kab
Kab yog cov chav kawm ntau tshaj plaws ntawm phylum Arthropoda. Lawv cov yam ntxwv txawv yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev mus rau hauv lub taub hau, hauv siab thiab lub plab, nrog rau qhov muaj cov ceg tawv. Kab muaj rau taug kev ob txhais ceg thiab ib khub ntawm antennae. Lawv feem ntau muaj tis ntawm lawv lub hauv siab. Lawv yog ob npaug ntawm npog.
Txhua kab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhim kho tsis ncaj. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv nyob rau theem larval. Tab sis nws metamorphosis tuaj yeem ua mus rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li, kab nrog kev hloov pauv tiav yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm chrysalis rau ib lub sijhawm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lawv tsis noj, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev mob tsis zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis zoo.
Kev hloov pauv tsis tiav
Cia peb xav txog cov theem tseem ceeb uasua kom tiav thiab tsis tiav kev hloov pauv ntawm kab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm fertilization, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, ib tug larva hatches los ntawm lub qe. Thaum txhim kho nrog kev hloov pauv tsis tiav, nws feem ntau zoo li tus neeg laus, tab sis tsis muaj tis. Xws li ib tug larva pub thiab loj hlob. Txij li thaum nws cov npog tsis muaj peev xwm ncab, theem no yog nrog los ntawm molting. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no nws tuaj yeem nce qhov loj thiab nws hloov pauv mus rau tus neeg laus.
Kab nrog tag nrho cov metamorphosis molt nyob rau theem larval, tab sis tom qab ntawd tig mus ua tus pupa. Qhov no tsis tshwm sim nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Orthoptera thiab Lice xaj. Lawv cov larva tam sim ntawd loj hlob mus rau ib tug neeg laus. Piv txwv ntawm cov kab no yog cov nyom nyom, nyom nyom, bears, locusts, lub cev thiab cov ntshauv tib neeg.
Ntawd yog, thaum lub sijhawm kev loj hlob nrog kev hloov pauv tsis tiav, kab mus dhau cov theem hauv qab no: qe, larva thiab neeg laus.
kab kab nrog ua tiav metamorphosis
Kev hloov pauv tag nrho suav nrog kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam mos mus rau tus menyuam dev. Nws dais me ntsis zoo li ib tug neeg laus. Tus pupae tsis muaj tis lossis ob lub qhov muag. Lawv cov ceg yuav luv luv lossis tsis tuaj tag nrho. Qee cov kab tsim cov kab mob larval ib ntus. Piv txwv li, npauj npaim kab ntsig tsim cov ceg cuav.
Kab nrog tag nrho cov metamorphosis molt ob peb zaug nyob rau theem larval. Tom qab ntawd lawv pupate. Thaum lub sij hawm no, muaj ib tug yuav luag tag restructuring ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau theem no, kab tsis pub thiab tsis txav mus. Muaj kev ntseeg yuam kev uas chrysalis tsim los ntawm saum toj nonpog ntxiv. Qhov tseeb nws tsis yog. Nyob rau txhua theem, cov kab tsuas yog npog los ntawm cuticle. Kev loj hlob ntawm larva mus rau pupa, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau ib tus neeg laus kab, yog nrog los ntawm lub sij hawm molts.
Kab nrog tag nrho metamorphosis: rooj
Kab uas mus txog rau theem menyuam yaus thaum lub sijhawm kev loj hlob muaj ntau dua. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm no tus tsiaj yuav tsis noj, nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog pes tsawg butterflies hibernate. Kab kab nrog kev hloov pauv tag nrho thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tau nthuav tawm hauv peb lub rooj.
| Squad name | Signs | Tus sawv cev |
| Beetles (Coleoptera) | Colorado Beetle, Dung Beetle, Grackledigger, Da Dej, Ladybug | |
| Butterflies (Lepidoptera) | Ncua qhov ncauj, membranous tis npog nrog nplai | |
| Hymenoptera | Lub ncauj qhov ncauj ntawm gnawing-licking hom, membranous tis | |
| Diptera | Tshwj xeeb pem hauv ntej ob tis, hind tis tig mus rau h alteres | |
| Tsis muaj tis, qhov ncauj tho-nqus, dhia ceg |
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Coleoptera yog qhov kev txiav txim ntau tshaj plaws. Feem ntau, muaj txog 300 txhiab hom. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov detachment tuaj yeem pom nyob rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm thaj av thiab hauv dej tshiab. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj tawv elytra, feem ntau pleev xim rau ntau yam xim. Nco ntsoov tias pom tau li cas Colorado qos beetle tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm nplooj ntsuab. Qhov xim no hu ua ceeb toom.
Beetles noj nplooj lossis tsiaj me. Yog li, ladybugs noj aphids, thiab kev zoo nkauj noj butterfly kab ntsig. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kab nrog tag nrho transformation, nrog rau kab, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb theem: qe, larva, pupa, neeg laus kab - imago. Ntxiv mus, lawv txhua tus txawv ntawm cov cim sab nraud. Yog hais tias tus larvae zoo li kab ntsig, ces tus neeg laus muaj tag nrho cov cim ntawm arthropods.
Lepidoptera
Kab nrog kev hloov pauv tiav, piv txwv ntawm tam sim no peb yuav xav txog, yog ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb. Lawv lub npe scientific yog txuam nrog cov qauv ntawm cov tis, uas yog them nrog nplai. Tab sis txhua leej txhua tus tau siv los hu lawv npauj npaim, uas txhais tau tias "poj niam laus, pog" hauv Orthodox. Qhov no yog vim kev ntseeg thaum ub hais tias cov kab no nyob ntawm cov neeg tuag.
Cov qog qaub ncaug ntawm npauj npaim kab ntsig zais cov khoom tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov xov uas tsim. Ntawm no, kab weave tiv thaiv plhaub - cocoons los yog txuas pupae rau ntau yam khoom. Xov xov ntawm silkworm butterflies, qhov ntev uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 2 km,siv tau cov ntaub ntuj tsim.
Hymenoptera
Cov kab kab nrog kev ua tiav metamorphosis tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yam tsis muaj cov neeg sawv cev sib raug zoo ntawm Hymenoptera. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog zib muv thiab ntsaum. Lawv nyob hauv cov pab pawg loj, nyob rau hauv uas lub luag haujlwm tau faib kom meej. Yog li, ib tsev neeg muv muaj poj huab tais (mob plab), txiv neej drones thiab ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm.
Ib yam zoo sib xws tau pom nyob rau hauv anthills. Cov kab no yog cov neeg ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Los ntawm kev tsim lawv tus kheej lub tsev, lawv sib tov cov av, ua kom nws cov porosity thiab enrich nws nrog organic teeb meem. Ants kuj suav hais tias yog unsurpassed "cov neeg muaj zog". Cov kab tshwj xeeb no muaj peev xwm nqa tau li 25 npaug ntawm lawv qhov hnyav. Qhov no ua tau vim yog lub zog hnyav ntawm kev cog lus ntawm lawv cov leeg.
Diptera
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov kev txiav txim Diptera kuj yog kab nrog ua tiav metamorphosis. Lawv yooj yim recognizable los ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv hum. Lub suab no tshwm sim thaum hloov kho ob sab ntawm tis vibrates. Lawv hu ua h alteres thiab muab qhov sib npaug rau cov kab thaum ya mus.
Txoj kev ntseeg nrov, cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm yoov tshaj cum yog cov paj ntawm paj. Tab sis cov poj niam ntawm qee hom tsiaj yeej noj cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov tshuaj no yog tsim nyog rau lawv los tsim qe. Tib lub sijhawm, yoov tshaj cum tuaj yeem nqa cov kab mob txaus ntshai, xws li malaria.
Tuagyoov kuj yog kab. Cov no, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tsis muaj teeb meem, cov inhabitants ntawm tib neeg lub tsev noj mov. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov larvae loj hlob nyob rau hauv tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov organic teeb meem: khib nyiab bins, khib nyiab, tsiaj corpses. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lawv lub cev thiab nyob rau hauv lub digestive ib ntsuj av tau muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov kab mob, helminth qe, kab mob spores. Lawv yoov thiab paug zaub mov. Siv lawv, ib tug neeg tuaj yeem kis kab mob dysentery, typhoid, tuberculosis thiab lwm yam kab mob txaus ntshai.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Lwm cov kab nqus ntshav uas ua tiav metamorphosis yog fleas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv txoj kev ua neej parasitic, lawv tag nrho tsis muaj tis. Lawv muaj qhov nqus nqus qhov ncauj uas pub rau cov ntshav ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu.
Fleas me heev. Lawv lub cev, flattened los ntawm ob sab, NW nyuam qhuav ncav cuag 5 mm. Nws nce qhov loj me vim qhov loj hlob ntawm lub plab thaum nws puv nrog cov ntshav. Tab sis flea larvae pub rau cov khib nyiab organic. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv pem teb ntawm cov tsev nyob thiab nas burrows.
Npaj Npas yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Lawv muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob. Cov no suav nrog salmonellosis, tularemia, kab mob siab B thiab C, zuam-borne encephalitis, typhus, plague, myxomatosis.
Yog li, kab nrog kev hloov pauv tiav, cov piv txwv uas peb tau tshuaj xyuas hauv peb tsab xov xwm, yog sawv cev los ntawm cov lus txib hauv qab no: Kab, Npauj Npaim, Hmab, Hymenoptera thiab Diptera. Lub larvae ntawm cov kab no txawv heev ntawm cov neeg laus. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm transformation, lawv undergo ib tug tag nrho metamorphosis ntawm lub cev. Thaum txhim kho nrog tag nrhoCov kab hloov pauv mus dhau theem ntawm qe, larvae, pupa thiab kab laus - imago.
