Thaum xam cov theem amplifying ntawm cov khoom semiconductor, koj yuav tsum paub ntau txoj kev xav. Tab sis yog tias koj xav ua kom yooj yim ULF, ces nws txaus los xaiv cov transistors rau tam sim no thiab nce. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb, koj tseem yuav tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv hom twg lub amplifier yuav tsum ua haujlwm. Nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw koj npaj yuav siv nws. Tom qab tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem ua kom nrov tsis yog lub suab nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yog qhov tam sim no - kev txhawb nqa los tswj txhua yam khoom siv.
Type of amplifiers
Thaum cov qauv tsim ntawm amplifying theem ntawm transistors raug siv, ob peb yam tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau daws. Tam sim ntawd txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv hom twg lub cuab yeej yuav ua haujlwm:
- A yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawm, muaj tam sim no ntawm cov zis txhua lub sijhawm thaum ua haujlwm.
- V - tam sim no ntws tsuas yog thaum thawj ib nrab ntawm lub voj voog.
- C - nrog kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis yog-linear distortions ua kom muaj zog.
- D thiab F - kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov amplifiers hauv hom "key".(hloov).
Common transistor amplifier circuits:
- Nrog rau qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus circuit.
- Nrog kho qhov voltage hauv hauv paus.
- Stabilization ntawm lub collector circuit.
- Emitter circuit stabilization.
- ULF hom sib txawv.
- Push-rub bass amplifiers.
Yuav kom nkag siab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov tswv yim no, koj yuav tsum tau luv luv txiav txim siab txog lawv cov yam ntxwv.
Kho qhov tam sim no hauv lub hauv paus circuit
Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws amplifying theem Circuit Court uas tuaj yeem siv tau hauv kev xyaum. Vim qhov no, nws yog dav siv los ntawm novice xov tooj cua amateurs - nws yuav tsis nyuaj rau rov qab tsim. Lub hauv paus thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov transistor yog siv los ntawm tib qhov chaw, uas yog qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim.
Tab sis nws kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo - qhov no yog qhov muaj zog ntawm qhov tsis muaj kab thiab kab tsis sib luag ntawm ULF ntawm:
- khoom siv.
- Degrees of dispersion of semiconductor element parameters.
- Kub - thaum xam cov theem amplifying, qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Muaj qee qhov tsis txaus, lawv tsis tso cai siv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no.
Base voltage stabilization
Nyob rau hauv hom A, amplifying theem ntawm bipolar transistors tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Tab sis yog tias koj kho qhov voltage ntawm lub hauv paus, ces koj tuaj yeem siv cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv teb. Tsuas yog qhov no yuav kho qhov hluav taws xob tsis yog ntawm lub hauv paus, tab sis ntawm lub rooj vag (cov npe ntawm cov pins rau cov transistors no txawv). nyob rau hauv daim duab es tsis txhoblub ntsiab bipolar yog ntsia teb, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tau redone. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum xaiv qhov tsis kam ntawm cov resistors.
Cov cascades zoo li no tsis txawv ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, nws qhov tseem ceeb tsis raug ua txhaum thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab muaj zog heev. Vim tias qhov tsis zoo tsis zoo, cov tswv yim zoo li no tsis siv; hloov, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov qauv tsim nrog kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv los yog cov emitter circuits hauv kev xyaum.
Stabilization ntawm lub collector circuit
Thaum siv cov circuits ntawm amplifying theem ntawm bipolar transistors nrog stabilization ntawm lub collector circuit, nws hloov tawm kom txog ib nrab ntawm cov khoom voltage ntawm nws cov zis. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug kuj loj ntau yam ntawm mov voltages. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm qhov tseeb tias muaj kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo.
Cov cascades zoo li no tau siv dav hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntau zaus - UFC, IF, tsis khoom siv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Xws li circuits yog siv nyob rau hauv heterodyne xov tooj cua receivers, transmitters (nrog rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes). Lub Scope ntawm xws schemes yog loj heev. Tau kawg, hauv cov khoom siv txawb, lub Circuit Court yog siv tsis yog ntawm lub transistor, tab sis ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw - ib qho me me silicon crystal hloov lub voj voog loj.
Emitter stabilization
Cov kab hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem pom tau ntau zaus, vim tias lawv muaj qhov zoo meej - kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov yam ntxwv (piv rau txhua qhov tau piav qhia saum toj no). Yog vim li cas yog qhov tob heev ntawm tam sim no (DC) tawm tswv yim.
Kev nthuav qhiacascades ntawm bipolar transistors, ua nrog stabilization ntawm lub emitter Circuit Court, yog siv nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj cua receivers, transmitters, microcircuits los mus nce lub parameters ntawm pab kiag li lawm.
Differential amplifying devices
Qhov sib txawv amplifying theem yog siv ntau zaus, cov cuab yeej zoo li no muaj kev tiv thaiv siab heev los cuam tshuam. Txhawm rau siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg - qhov no tso cai rau koj kom txo qhov loj me. Lub dif-amplifier tau txais los ntawm kev sib txuas cov emitters ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus semiconductor rau tib yam tsis kam. Qhov "classic" txawv amplifier Circuit Court muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Cov cascades no feem ntau siv rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, lub tshuab ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, lub suab nrov, FM receivers, xov tooj cua xov tooj cua txoj kev, zaus mixers.
Push-rub amplifiers
Push-rub amplifiers tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv yuav luag txhua hom, tab sis B feem ntau yog siv. Yog vim li cas cov theem no tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab nws yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig kom ntseeg tau ib theem siab ntawm efficiency. Nws muaj peev xwm siv lub laub-rub amplifier Circuit Court ob qho tib si ntawm semiconductor transistors nrog tib hom conductivity, thiab nrog sib txawv. Lub Circuit Court "classic" ntawm lub laub-rub transistor amplifier yog qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Txawm hais tias qhov kev khiav hauj lwm hom ntawm lub amplifying theem, nws hloov tawm kom txo qistus naj npawb ntawm txawm harmonics nyob rau hauv lub input teeb liab. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev siv dav ntawm cov tswv yim zoo li no. Push-rub amplifiers feem ntau siv hauv CMOS thiab lwm yam khoom siv digital.
Scheme nrog lub hauv paus
Qhov no transistor switching Circuit Court yog ib yam, nws yog ib tug plaub-terminal circuits - ob inputs thiab tib lub outputs. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev tawm tswv yim kuj yog ib qho kev tso tawm, nws txuas nrog lub "hauv paus" davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm transistor. Ib qhov tso zis los ntawm lub teeb liab qhov chaw thiab lub load (piv txwv li, tus hais lus) txuas nrog nws.
Yuav kom lub zog ntawm lub cascade nrog lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem siv:
- Txoj kev kho lub hauv paus tam sim no.
- Basic voltage stabilization.
- Colector stabilization.
- Emitter stabilization.
Ib yam ntawm circuits nrog ib qho hauv paus yog tus nqi qis heev ntawm kev tawm tswv yim. Nws yog sib npaug rau qhov tsis kam ntawm emitter junction ntawm lub semiconductor caij.
Common collector circuit
Kev tsim kho ntawm hom no kuj tau siv ntau zaus, qhov no yog plaub lub davhlau ya nyob twg, uas muaj ob lub tswv yim thiab tib tus lej ntawm cov khoom tawm. Muaj ntau qhov sib xws nrog lub hauv paus amplifier circuit. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub collector yog ib qho kev sib txuas taw tes rau lub teeb liab qhov chaw thiab lub load. Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm xws li ib tug Circuit Court, ib tug tuaj yeem tawm nws cov kev tawm tswv yim siab. Vim li no, nws feem ntau siv hauv cov suab bass thaj tsam.
Yuav kom lub zog ntawm transistor, nws yog qhov tsim nyogsiv tam sim no stabilization. Emitter thiab collector stabilization yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau qhov no. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias xws li ib tug Circuit Court tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab cov teeb liab tawm, tsis ua kom nrov nrov, vim li no nws yog hu ua "emitter follower". Cov circuits zoo li no muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov tob ntawm DC cov lus tawm tswv yim (lus teb) yuav luag 100%.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Amp theem nrog ib qho emitter muaj qhov nce siab heev. Nws yog nrog kev siv cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li no uas cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntau zaus tau tsim, siv cov cuab yeej niaj hnub - GSM, GPS systems, hauv wireless Wi-nkaus tes hauj lwm. Lub quadripole (cascade) muaj ob lub tswv yim thiab tib tus naj npawb ntawm cov zis. Ntxiv mus, lub emitter txuas ib txhij nrog ib qho kev tso zis ntawm lub load thiab lub teeb liab qhov chaw. Txhawm rau kom muaj zog cascades nrog ib qho emitter, nws yog ntshaw kom siv cov khoom siv bipolar. Tab sis yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, kev siv cov khoom siv unipolar tau tso cai, tsuas yog nws tsis zoo li yuav ua tiav lub zog siab.
