Cov chav kawm tseem ceeb thiab hom mosses: zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv

Cov chav kawm tseem ceeb thiab hom mosses: zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv
Cov chav kawm tseem ceeb thiab hom mosses: zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv
Anonim

Ib qho ntawm cov neeg qub qub nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb yog ntau hom mosses thiab lichens, npog thaj chaw loj. Cov nroj tsuag no muaj feem xyuam rau algae, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv.

Lichen yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm fungi thiab algae. Algae loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob fungal. Cov qauv ntawm lichen lub cev no tso cai rau cov nroj tsuag kom nqus dej noo nrog kev pab ntawm nceb threads thiab ua cov minerals yaj nyob rau hauv nws mus rau hauv cov organic tshuaj nrog kev pab los ntawm ntsuab algae. Piv rau mosses, lichens yog ntau unpretentious, tab sis qhuav tawm thaum tsis muaj noo noo thiab tuag nyob rau hauv tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo.

moss hom
moss hom

Mosses xav tau ntxoov ntxoo thiab dej, uas yog nqus tawm hauv av los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb filamentous - rhizoids, uas ua raws li cov hauv paus hniav. Ntau hom mosses muaj cov qauv sib txawv, tab sis lawv txhua tus tsim tawm los ntawm spores. Dej ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov noob, vim tias nws yog los ntawm nws cov txiv neej spores ncav cuag poj niam zygote thiab fertilize nws.

hom ntawm mosses thiab lichens
hom ntawm mosses thiab lichens

Txhua hom mosses me me nrog rau theem nrab - kev tsim ntawm asexualnroj tsuag - ib tug protophyte, tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm reproduction, nyob rau hauv uas lub thawv nrog spores ripens. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm meiosis, spores germinate thiab tsim ib tug protonema - ib tug filamentous qauv, uas tom qab hloov mus rau hauv ib tug poj niam los yog txiv neej nroj tsuag - gametophyte. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev hloov ntawm kev sib deev tiam nrog tus asexual.

Moss nroj tsuag tau muab faib ua 3 chav kawm:

1. Anthocerota. Muaj ntau tshaj 300 hom mosses nyob rau hauv chav kawm no, lub ntsiab faib cheeb tsam yog lub tropics. Anthocerotic mosses muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb - qhov chaw mos yog nyob rau hauv qis txheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas yog ib tug rosette los ntawm uas ib tug elongated pod-zoo li tus sporogon sticks tawm, uas muaj eletars - threads uas ua rau kom zoo dispersal ntawm spores.

hom moss yees duab
hom moss yees duab

2. Lub siab mosses, sawv cev los ntawm subclasses Marchantium thiab Jungermannium. Thawj subclass suav nrog cov nroj tsuag uas nws gametophyte tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam hauv cov duab thiab muaj ib lub cev oily, thiab sporogon yog qhov qub thiab tsis muaj septum. Nroj tsuag ntawm qhov thib ob subclass muaj ob peb lub cev roj thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm gametophyte. Liverworts yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub tropics thiab subtropics.

3. Nplooj. Deciduous moss hom muaj ntau txhiab txhiab (kwv yees li 95% ntawm tag nrho cov mosses) thiab suav nrog 3 subclasses: brium, sphagnum thiab andrei. Andreevs yog cov nroj tsuag me me liab-xim av uas loj hlob ntawm pob zeb. Sphagnum yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm qia ncaj thiab sporogon nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub thawv kheej kheej. Brie mosses muaj ntau haiv neeg, tab sistag nrho cov nroj tsuag muaj cov hniav tshwj xeeb rau dispersing spores.

Txhua tus txiav tawm tau kis hauv hav zoov thiab hav dej, nyob rau sab qaum teb. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog moss cuckoo flax, sphagnum, leucobria - hom moss, cov duab uas pom muaj ob qho tib si hauv cov ntawv xov xwm loj thiab hauv kev sau ntawm cov kws yees duab.

moss nyob tom hav zoov
moss nyob tom hav zoov

Mosses ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tsim cov biocenoses thiab tsim cov peat, uas yog siv hauv kev lag luam. Moss yog siv los tsim cov phiaj xwm vaj, uas yooj yim rau kev loj hlob ntawm koj tus kheej siv cov poov xab, qab zib, kefir thiab ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Pom zoo: