Ib tsab ntawv yog ib hom ntawv sau uas muaj tus menyuam kawm ntawv qhia txog nws tus kheej kev xav thiab kev paub ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus.
Composition
Txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws muaj nws tus kheej cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog tias tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv kev sau ntawv, qhov no yuav raug lees paub los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ua qhov yuam kev. Tau kawg, yog tias tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis muaj kev paub dhau los ua haujlwm ntawm kev sau ntawv, thiab qhov no yog nws thawj txoj haujlwm, cov blots me me thiab qhov tsis txaus siab tuaj yeem zam txim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv sau tau raug sau kom paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li tsim tau cov lus sau tau raug. Yog li ntawd nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug kwj ntawm kev xav, tab sis yog ib tug ntsiab lus nthuav qhia ntawm cov tswv yim, nrog ib tug semantic load.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv sau yuav tsum meej thiab xav, thiab txhua qhov kev xav yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb. Nws tseem yog qhov tsim nyog uas cov ntsiab lus tshuaj ntsuam yuav tshwm sim - lawv muab cov ntsiab lus thiab ua tiav.
Yuav ua li cas sau ib qho intro?
Yog li, ib tsab ntawv yog ib qho kev sau ntawv uas muaj cov lus qhia, qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov xaus. Koj yuav tsum pib ntawm thawj. Kev taw qhia muab cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej txog ib qho tshwj xeebib qho teeb meem sib txawv - nws feem ntau yog them los ntawm lub ncauj lus. Hauv seem no, tej zaum yuav muaj lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm lub ncauj lus, lossis koj tuaj yeem qhia koj tus kheej lub tswv yim, tab sis tsuas yog tias lub npe muaj cov lus siv rau qhov no. Feem ntau nws suab zoo li no: "Dab tsi yog kev phooj ywg rau koj?". Txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau, txhua lub sijhawm los ntawm keeb kwm tuaj yeem ua tus cwj pwm lossis qhov tseeb los ntawm tus kheej biography ntawm tus sau tuaj yeem muab. Qhov no tso cai yog tias cov ntaub ntawv no tseem ceeb rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv ntawm qhov tau sau.
Qee lub sij hawm sau ntawv yog ib qho kev sim ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm kev paub ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus. Feem ntau, tus kws qhia ntawv teev cov npe ntawm cov ntawv sau xws li "Cov duab ntawm tus phab ej hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Dostoevsky" lossis "Lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj hmoo hauv Chekhov kev ua si", thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov ntawv sau zoo li no, cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tsim lawv tus kheej nkag siab txog qhov tau sau.
Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias koj xav kho koj cov ntawv sau, koj tuaj yeem sau ib tsab ntawv. Nws yuav tsum ua raws li lub ntsiab lus. Lub epigraph tsis tsuas yog ua haujlwm kho kom zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj tseem pab tus sau nkag siab tias yuav pib nws tsab ntawv li cas.
Main part
Tom qab sau cov lus qhia, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog, mus rau qhov tseem ceeb. Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab tau raug txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia, yog li tam sim no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los nthuav tawm lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv. Kev sau ntawv yog kev nyeem ntawv, kev paub ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab, ntawm chav kawm, koj tus kheej xav. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tig mus rau ntau voluminous tshaj li qhov so. Yog tias koj xav tau sau ib tsab ntawv tawm tswv yim ntawm kev ua si, koj yuav tsum tau muab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm nws. Tsis paub meej, raws li tsab ntawv me metus sau txoj haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, yuav tsum raug cim.
Dab tsi yuav tsum zam ntawm qhov tseem ceeb? Yog li, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub retelling. Qhov thib ob, koj tsis tas yuav hais cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub ncauj lus. Qhov no hu ua "dej". Yog tias muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, cov ntawv sau poob nws lub ntsiab lus.
Kev xav
Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los sau ib tsab ntawv-kev xav. Nws tso cai rau koj los qhia kev xav, sib qhia ib yam dab tsi zoo, muab tso rau hauv ntawv. Dab tsi yog qhov kev sib tham sau ntawv lawm? Nws yog kev txhim kho ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus rau nws qhov pom meej meej. Tab sis txhua yam yuav tsum tau sau raws li tus sau nws tus kheej xav. Logic, artistic xav, tsom xam - tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam thaum ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tsab ntawv. Yog tias koj sib koom ua ke cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg tsis tseeb nrog lub laj thawj kev xav, koj yuav muaj peev xwm sau tau ntxim nyiam, zoo siab, thiab txawm tias, tej zaum, ua rau koj xav.
Ntau zaus thawj tsab ntawv rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog ua raws li kev xav. Yuav pib nrog, kom tau txais cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev tawm dag zog no, cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem sau qhov lawv xav tau. Hom haujlwm no hu ua "kev sau ntawv ntawm lub ncauj lus pub dawb." Thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab thawj qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev sau cov ntawv tau txais, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv, muaj pes tsawg leeg, style thiab lwm yam nta.
Ntau yam ntsiab lus
Lub ntsiab lus twg yog qhov zoo tshaj rau xaiv? Lo lus nug no feem ntau tshwm sim ua ntej cov kws qhia ntawv (ob lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv),uas yuav tsum nug lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv ib tsab ntawv. Kev phooj ywg, kev sib raug zoo, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, lub hom phiaj, hometown - qhov tseeb, muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv. Cov ncauj lus nthuav dav, thiab cov ntawv sau tau sau rau ntawm lawv hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog kawm paub yuav ua li cas kom raug teeb tsa koj cov kev xav, tab sis kuj tseem yuav pib nkag siab lub ntsiab lus nws tus kheej zoo dua. Vim hais tias thaum sau ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau tham txog kev phooj ywg, kev hlub, kev ntxeev siab, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, xav, txheeb xyuas ntau yam xwm txheej. Qhov no thawb rau qee qhov kev xav uas tau xav txog ntawm daim ntawv.
Txhua yam los nrog kev paub. Nws tsis zoo li leej twg yuav tuaj yeem sau cov ntawv sau tam sim ntawd uas tuaj yeem luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sau cov haujlwm no yog qhov tsim nyog - qhov kev tawm dag zog no pab txhim kho qee lub peev xwm ntawm tus kheej thiab yuam kom koj tus kheej xav.
