Yuav luag txhua yam kab mob muaj sia nyob muaj ntau hom ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no yog ib qho kev sau ntawm cov hlwb uas zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv, koom ua ke los ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lawv tsis zoo ib yam rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj.
Ntau hom ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsiaj thiab zaub. Lawv txawv. Wb mus saib lawv.
Cov ntaub so ntswg zoo li cas?
Tsiaj cov ntaub so ntswg yog cov hauv qab no:
- ntshai;
- muscular;
- epithelial;
- kev sib tw.
Txhua tus, tsuas yog thawj tus, muab faib ua hom. Cov nqaij mos yog du, striated thiab plawv. Epithelial muab faib ua ib txheej, multilayer - nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg txheej txheej, nrog rau cubic, cylindrical thiab ca - nyob ntawm seb cov duab ntawm lub hlwb. Cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas ua ke xws li xoob fibrous, ntom fibrous, reticular, ntshav thiab lymph, adipose, pob txha thiab pob txha.
Ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg
Cov ntaub so ntswg yog cov hauv qab no:
- main;
- kev sib koom;
- conductive fabric;
- mechanical;
- kev kawm.
Y
Txhua hom cog cov ntaub so ntswg ua ke ntau ntauhom. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom tseem ceeb muaj xws li assimilation, cia, aquifer thiab cua. Integumentary cov ntaub so ntswg sib xyaw ua ke xws li tawv ntoo, cork thiab epidermis. Cov ntaub so ntswg muaj xws li phloem thiab xylem. Mechanical muab faib ua collenchyma thiab sclerenchyma. Kev kawm muaj xws li lateral, apical thiab insertion.
Txhua cov ntaub so ntswg ua haujlwm qee yam, thiab lawv cov qauv sib raug rau lub luag haujlwm lawv ua. Kab lus no yuav tham txog ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg conductive, cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov hlwb. Peb kuj tseem yuav tham txog nws txoj haujlwm.
Cov ntaub qhwv: cov yam ntxwv zoo
Cov ntaub so ntswg no muab faib ua ob hom: phloem thiab xylem. Txij li thaum lawv ob leeg tsim los ntawm tib meristem, lawv nyob ib sab ntawm ib leeg hauv cov nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg conductive ntawm ob hom sib txawv. Wb tham ntxiv txog ob hom kev siv ntaub.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg
Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev thauj khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas tsis yog tib hom sib txawv.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm xylem yog nqa tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov hauv paus mus rau tag nrho lwm cov kabmob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm phloem yog ua cov kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia - los ntawm qee lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag raws li cov qia mus rau hauv paus.
YXylem yog dab tsi?
Nws tseem hu ua ntoo. Cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm hom no muaj ob qhov sib txawv conductive: tracheids thiab cov hlab ntsha. Nws kuj suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuab - ntoo fibers, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb- ntoo parenchyma.
Xylem cells teem li cas?
Cov hlwb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tau muab faib ua ob hom: tracheids thiab vascular ntu. Lub tracheid yog ib lub cell ntev heev nrog cov phab ntsa tsis zoo, uas muaj qhov pores rau kev thauj khoom.
Lub ntsiab lus thib ob ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes - lub nkoj - muaj ntau lub hlwb, uas yog hu ua ntu vascular. Cov hlwb no nyob ib sab saum toj ib sab. Los ntawm qhov yog nyob rau ntawm junctions ntawm ntu ntawm tib lub nkoj. Lawv hu ua perforations. Cov qhov no yog tsim nyog rau kev thauj cov khoom los ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Kev txav ntawm ntau yam kev daws teeb meem los ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog nrawm dua li ntawm tracheids.
Cov hlwb ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tau tuag thiab tsis muaj cov protoplasts (protoplasts yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cell, tshwj tsis yog cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, uas yog, cov nucleus, organelles thiab cell membrane). Tsis muaj protoplasts, vim hais tias yog lawv nyob rau hauv lub cell, kev thauj mus los ntawm nws yuav nyuaj heev.
Los ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab tracheids, cov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem thauj tsis tau tsuas yog ntsug, tab sis kuj horizontally - mus rau cov cell nyob los yog cov khoom nyob sib ze.
Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj cov thickenings uas ua rau lub tawb muaj zog. Nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm cov thickenings no, cov ntsiab lus conductive muab faib ua kauv, annular, ntaiv, mesh thiab point-pore.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm xylem
Ntoo fiberskuj hu ua librioform. Cov no yog cov elongated hlwb uas muaj thickened lignified phab ntsa. Lawv ua haujlwm txhawb nqa uas ua kom lub zog ntawm xylem.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tseem ceeb hauv xylem yog ntoo parenchyma. Cov no yog cov cell nrog lignified shells, nyob rau hauv uas yooj yim pores nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm parenchyma cell nrog lub nkoj, muaj ib qho pore uas txuas rau nws qhov pore yooj yim. Ntoo parenchyma hlwb, tsis zoo li vascular hlwb, tsis yog khoob. Lawv muaj protoplasts. Lub xylem parenchyma ua lub luag haujlwm cia - cov khoom noj khoom haus khaws cia hauv nws.
xylem ntawm cov nroj tsuag txawv li cas?
Txij li thaum tracheids nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm evolution tshwm sim ntau tshaj li cov hlab ntsha, cov conductive ntsiab kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov av qis. Cov no yog cov spores (ferns, mosses, club mosses, horsetails). Feem ntau cov gymnosperms tsuas muaj tracheids. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov gymnosperms kuj muaj cov hlab ntsha (lawv muaj nyob hauv gnetaceae). Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev zam, cov ntsiab lus no muaj nyob hauv qee cov ferns thiab horsetails.
Tab sis angiosperms (flowering) nroj tsuag txhua tus muaj ob qho tib si tracheids thiab hlab ntsha.
phloem yog dab tsi?
Cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm hom no tseem hu ua bast.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm phloem - sieve conductive ntsiab. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub bast muaj txhua yam ntsiab lus (phloem fibers) thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg loj (phloem parenchyma).
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xobcov ntaub so ntswg ntawm hom no dag nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias lub hlwb ntawm lub sieve ntsiab lus, tsis zoo li cov conductive ntsiab ntawm lub xylem, tseem ciaj sia.
Structure of sieve elements
Muaj ob hom: sieve hlwb thiab sieve tubes. Cov qub yog elongated thiab muaj taw tes xaus. Lawv yog permeated nrog los ntawm qhov los ntawm kev thauj cov khoom tshwm sim. Sieve cell yog cov qub qub tshaj li multicellular sieve ntsiab. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag xws li spores thiab gymnosperms.
Nyob rau hauv angiosperms, cov khoom ua tau sawv cev los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, uas muaj ntau lub hlwb - ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus sieve. Los ntawm qhov ntawm ob lub hlwb uas nyob ib sab ua sieve daim hlau.
Tsis zoo li cov hlwb sieve, tsis muaj cov nuclei hauv cov qauv uas tau hais los ntawm ntau lub xov tooj ntawm tes, tab sis lawv tseem muaj sia nyob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv ntawm phloem ntawm angiosperms kuj tseem ua si los ntawm satellite cell nyob ib sab ntawm txhua lub cell-segment ntawm sieve ntsiab. Cov khub muaj ob qho tib si organelles thiab nuclei. Lawv tau metabolized.
Vim tias phloem hlwb tseem ciaj sia, cov ntaub so ntswg conductive tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag perennial, nws lub neej ncua yog peb mus rau plaub xyoos, tom qab ntawd cov hlwb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tuag.
Ntxiv phloem ntsiab
Ntxiv rau cov hlwb lossis cov hlab, cov ntaub so ntswg no kuj muajcov ntaub ntawv yooj yim thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Cov tom kawg yog sawv cev los ntawm bast (phloem) fibers. Lawv ua haujlwm txhawb nqa. Tsis yog txhua tsob nroj muaj phloem fibers.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tseem ceeb yog sawv cev los ntawm phloem parenchyma. Nws, zoo li xylem parenchyma, ua lub luag haujlwm cia. Nws khaws cov khoom xws li tannins, resins, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus phloem no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim hauv gymnosperms.
Phloem ntawm ntau hom nroj tsuag
Nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag qis, xws li ferns thiab mosses, nws yog sawv cev los ntawm sieve hlwb. Tib phloem yog yam ntxwv ntawm feem ntau gymnosperms.
Angiosperms muaj ntau lub xov tooj ntawm cov khoom siv: cov hlab ntsha.
qauv ntawm kev coj ua ntawm tsob ntoo
Xylem thiab phloem ib txwm nyob ntawm ib sab thiab daim ntawv pob. Nyob ntawm seb ob hom kev siv cov ntaub so ntswg nyob li cas rau ib leeg, ntau hom pob khoom tau txawv. Feem ntau yog cov khoom ntiag tug. Lawv tau teem caij zoo li lub phloem nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm lub xylem.
Tseem muaj cov pob khoom tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv lawv, ib tug conductive ntaub so ntswg ncig ib ncig. Lawv muab faib ua ob hom: centrophloem thiab centroxylem.
Cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hauv paus hniav feem ntau muaj cov pob radial. Nyob rau hauv lawv, lub xylem rays tawm ntawm qhov chaw, thiab lub phloem nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xylem rays.
Cov pob khoom muaj nqis yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm angiosperms ntau dua, thiab cov pob khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog cov yam ntxwv ntau dua ntawm spore thiab gymnosperms.
Xaus: kev sib piv ntawm ob hom kev siv ntaub
Raws li qhov xaus, peb nthuav tawm ib lub rooj uas qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob hom kev cog qoob loo.
| Xylem | Phloem | |
| Kev tsim kho | Nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (tracheas thiab hlab ntsha), ntoo fibers thiab ntoo parenchyma. | Muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (sieve cells lossis sieve tubes), phloem fibers thiab phloem parenchyma. |
| Txoj kev ua cov hlwb | Cov hlwb tuag tsis muaj plasma membranes, organelles thiab nuclei. Lawv muaj cov duab elongated. Lawv nyob ib sab saum toj thiab tsis muaj kab rov tav partitions. | Kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj cov hlwb uas muaj ntau ntawm cov qhov hauv lawv cov phab ntsa. |
| khoom ntxiv | Ntoo parenchyma thiab ntoo fibers. | Phloem parenchyma thiab phloem fibers. |
| Functions | Nqa cov tshuaj yaj hauv dej: los ntawm cov hauv paus mus rau cov kab mob hauv cov nroj tsuag. | Kev thauj cov tshuaj lom neeg nqes: los ntawm av hauv av ntawm cov nroj tsuag mus rau hauv paus. |
Tam sim no koj paub txhua yam txog cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nroj tsuag: lawv yog dab tsi, lawv ua haujlwm li cas thiab lawv cov hlwb li cas.
