Crimean Tatar lus yog dab tsi? Dab tsi grammatical nta nws muaj? Puas yog lus Tatar cuam tshuam nrog nws? Peb yuav nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no.
Crimean Tatars
Cov neeg Crimean Tatar feem ntau txheeb xyuas nrog cov Tatars nyob hauv Russia. Qhov kev dag ntxias no tau tshwm sim txij li lub sijhawm muaj nyob ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, thaum txhua haiv neeg hais lus Turkic tau hu ua "Tatars". Qhov no kuj suav nrog Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, thiab lwm yam.
Tatars hauv Crimea sawv cev rau cov neeg hauv paus txawm. Lawv cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yog ntau haiv neeg thaum ub uas nyob hauv thaj av Northern Black Sea. Cov neeg Turkic, Cumans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Karaites, Huns thiab Krymchaks tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ethnogenesis.
keeb kwm tsim ntawm Crimean Tatars rau hauv ib pawg haiv neeg sib txawv tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm ceg av qab teb hauv XIII-XVII centuries. Ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev, tus kheej lub npe "Crimeans" feem ntau siv. Raws li hom anthropological, lawv nyob rau Caucasoids. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog Nogai subethnos, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm Caucasoid thiab Mongoloid haiv neeg.
Crimean Tatar lus
Crimean tau hais los ntawm kwv yees li 490 txhiab tus neeg. Nws txuas ntxiv musthaj chaw ntawm Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Qaib ntxhw thiab yog ib hom lus nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea.
Kev sau ntawv, cov tsiaj ntawv Latin feem ntau yog siv, txawm hais tias kev sau ntawv Cyrillic kuj ua tau. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg hais lus nyob hauv Crimea (yuav luag 300 txhiab tus neeg). Muaj txog 30,000 Crimean Tatars hauv Bulgaria thiab Romania.
Cov lus Tatar yog nws "kwv tij", tab sis tsis ze. Ob hom lus yog cov Turkic thiab suav nrog hauv pawg Kypchak. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov ceg diverge. Tatar tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Finno-Ugric, Lavxias, thiab Arabic. Lub Crimean Tatars tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Italians, Greeks, Cumans thiab Kypchaks.
Zaj lus
Cov neeg Crimean Tatar tau muab faib ua peb haiv neeg tseem ceeb, txhua tus uas hais nws hom lus. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm cov ceg av qab teb, tau tsim ib hom lus steppe, uas yog cov lus Nogai-Kypchak.
Sab qab teb, lossis Yalyboy, hom lus nyob ze rau cov lus Turkish. Nws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Italians thiab Greeks nyob rau sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm ceg av qab teb. Muaj ntau lo lus qiv los ntawm lawv cov lus hauv cov lus.
Qhov ntau tshaj yog cov lus nruab nrab. Nws sawv cev rau kev sib txuas nruab nrab ntawm ob qho tib si. Nws belongs rau pawg Polovtsian-Kypchak ntawm cov lus Turkic thiab muaj ntau yam Oghuz. Txhua hom lus suav nrog ntau hom lus.
Kev faib tawm thiab nta
Cov lus Crimean Tatar belongs rau TurkicCov lus, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog nyob rau hauv lub Altaic pab pawg neeg nrog rau cov Mongolian, Korean thiab Tungus-Manchurian lus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no kuj muaj cov neeg tawm tsam uas tsis lees paub qhov muaj nyob ntawm pawg Altai hauv txoj cai.
Muaj lwm yam teeb meem hauv kev faib cov lus. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog ntaus nqi rau pawg lus Kypchak-Polovtsian. Qhov no yog qhov tsis raug, vim tias tom qab ntawd nws txoj kev sib txuas nrog Oguz hom lus, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv cov lus nruab nrab, tsis suav nrog.
Muab tag nrho cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov lus Crimean, nws raug cais raws li hauv qab no:
| Area | Languages of Eurasia | ||
| Ntxhais hmoob | Altai (debatable) | ||
| Branch | Turkic | ||
| Group | Oguz | Kypchak | |
| Subgroup | Turkish | Polovtsian-Kipchak | Nogai-Kypchak |
| Zaj lus | South Coast | Medium | Steppe |
History thiab sau
Cov lus ntawm cov lus pib hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau haiv neeg nyob hauv thaj av Crimean, uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov lus. Yog vim li cas cov lus Crimean Tatar sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm ceg av qab teb.
Thaum lub sijhawm Crimean Khanate, cov pejxeem raug yuam kom hais lus Ottoman. Lub sijhawmNyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Crimeans tau poob. Nws kev kho dua tshiab tau pib nyob rau xyoo 19th. Tom qab ntawd, ua tsaug rau Ismail Gasprinsky, cov ntawv nyeem Crimean Tatar lus tau tshwm sim. Nws yog raws cov lus sab qab teb.
Txog xyoo 1927, tsab ntawv tau sau ua lus Arabic. Xyoo tom qab, cov lus nruab nrab tau raug xaiv los ua lub hauv paus rau cov lus sau, thiab kev sau ntawv tau hloov mus rau cov tsiaj ntawv Latin. Nws tau hu ua "yanalif", lossis "ib tus tsiaj ntawv Turkic".
Xyoo 1939, lawv tau sim ua nws Cyrillic, tab sis nyob rau hauv 90s, rov qab los ntawm Latin tsab ntawv pib. Nws txawv me ntsis ntawm yanalif: Cov ntawv tsis yog tus qauv Latin tau hloov los ntawm cov cim nrog cov cim npe, uas ntxiv qhov zoo sib xws rau cov lus Turkish.
lus thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb
Crimean Tatar yog ib hom lus sib cav. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus thiab kab lus tsis hloov vim qhov xaus, tab sis los ntawm "gluing" suffixes thiab affixes rau cov lus. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog hais txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus, tab sis kuj hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lus, thiab lwm yam.
Cov lus muaj kaum ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, rau qhov xwm txheej, plaub hom kev sib txuas lus, peb hom lus ntawm kev ua ntu zus (tam sim no, yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej). Nws tsis muaj poj niam los txiv neej ntawm pronouns thiab nouns. Piv txwv li, Lavxias teb sab lus nws, nws, nws sib raug rau ib daim ntawv xwb - "o".
Tam sim no, nws yooj yim heev los nrhiav phau ntawv, phau ntawv txhais lus thiab tus txhais lus rau hauv Crimean Tatar lus hauv Is Taws Nem. Yog li ntawd, kev paub txog nws yuav tsis loj.kev ua haujlwm. Hauv qab no yog qee cov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv kab lus thiab cov lus hauv cov lus no:
| Russian | Crimean Tatar |
| Nyob zoo | Selam! / Meraba |
| Yes | Ebet |
| No | Yoq |
| koj nyob li cas? | Işler nasıl? |
| ua tsaug! | Sağ oluñız! |
| Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws. | Afu etiñiz |
| Nyob zoo! | Sağlıqnen qalıñız! |
| Txiv | baba |
| niam | na |
| tus tij laug | ağa |
| tus muam | abla |
| Sky | kök, sema |
| topraq, yer |
