Moscow yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrhiav tau nyob rau xyoo pua 12th. Lub nroog loj thiab zoo nkauj heev no tsis yog ib txwm muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm lub peev, tab sis tau txais nws tsuas yog plaub puas xyoo tom qab nws lub hauv paus, koom ua ke tag nrho lub xeev raws li nws cov lus txib. Txawm tias muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj ntawm lub nroog, uas ua kev zoo siab rau nws 870th hnub tseem ceeb, lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe "Moscow" tseem ua rau muaj kev sib cav loj heev. Cia peb sim nkag siab lub ntsiab lus no, thiab tseem xav txog ob peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus.
Toponymy ntawm Moscow
Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow hnub rov qab mus rau 1147 (Ipatiev Chronicle). Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv thaj chaw ntawm archaeology tuaj yeem pom cov pov thawj tias thawj qhov kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas niaj hnub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog tam sim no nyob tau tshwm sim ntev ua ntej lub keeb kwm tau sau. Yog li ntawd, kom pom hnub no yog qhov pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog yuav yog qhov tseem ceebyuam kev.
Tsis yog cov kws sau keeb kwm nkaus xwb tau npaj sib cav nrog cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los, tab sis kuj yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub npe, uas tso siab rau qhov tseeb thiab npe hnub tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim lub peev - Plaub Hlis 4, 1147. Nws yog nyob rau hnub no uas Novgorod-Seversky tub huabtais Svyatoslav Olgovich ntsib nrog Rostov-Suzdal tub huabtais Yuri Dolgoruky, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug impenetrable hav zoov. Tus kws sau keeb kwm, uas nyob ntawm qhov kev sib tham, tau sau tias: "Thiab Stoslav tau mus thiab cov neeg tau nce siab ntawm Porotva. Thiab yog li ntawd, pab tub rog ntawm Stoslavl yog ci ntsa iab, thiab xa Gyurgia hais lus: "Los ntawm kuv, kwv tij, hauv Moscow."
Hnub no nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias qhov xwm txheej no tshwj xeeb yog hais txog thaj chaw uas niaj hnub lub peev ntawm Russia nyob, lossis piav qhia txog thaj tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntau dua. Tab sis nws yog kiag li pom tseeb tias lub npe no yog raws li ib tug hydronym - lub npe ntawm tus dej Moscow. Qhov tseeb no yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug sau monument yos rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 17th, uas yog, nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg "Nyob rau hauv lub pib ntawm lub Reigning Great City ntawm Moscow."
Tau kawg, muaj ntau zaj dab neeg tsis tseeb hauv kev ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog qhov tseeb, tab sis muaj qee yam uas muaj cov lus piav qhia tag nrho. Piv txwv li, los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm txoj haujlwm no koj tuaj yeem kawm tau tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm Moscow thiab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm nws lub npe yog ncaj qha ntsig txog txoj kev dej uas lub nroog tau tsim. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yuri nws tus kheej, tau nce mus rau lub roob thiab saib ncig, hais tias txij li tus dej yog Moscow, ces lub nroog yuav raug hu ua qhov ntawd.
Moscow yog qhov tshwj xeeb
Kev txawj ntseCov ntawv sau rau cov menyuam yaus piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog Moscow siv qhov kev xav no - qiv lub npe los ntawm tus dej. Cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, thaum ib cheeb tsam tau txais hydronym ua lub npe, feem ntau pom hauv keeb kwm. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem suav cov nroog xws li Orel, Voronezh, Vyazma, Tarusa. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, tus dej uas muab lub npe rau lub nroog tau txais ib daim ntawv me me rau nws lub npe, piv txwv li, Orel los ua Orlik, thiab Penza los ua Penzyatka. Qhov no yog ua kom tsis txhob muaj homonymy (coincidence). Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv nrog lub npe ntawm lub nroog Moscow yog tshwj xeeb. Ntawm no lo lus dej no muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe nws tus kheej, ua raws li ib yam ntawm cov lus xaus.
Finno-Ugric version
Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev xav, txhais qhov chaw lub npe "Moscow" los ntawm, qhia tias lo lus tau koom nrog pawg lus Finno-Ugric. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia lub fact tias qhov no version muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg txhawb. Qhov kev xav no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, txij li kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm yav dhau los tau pom tias ntev ua ntej kev tsim lub peev, uas yog nyob rau thaum ntxov Iron Age, Finno-Ugric pab pawg neeg nyob ntawm nws thaj chaw.
No version ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe "Moscow" yog piav los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lo lus yuav muab faib ua ob ntu: "mosk" thiab "va". Lub particle "va" yog txhais ua lus Lavxias li "ntub", "dej" lossis "veka". Cov npe ntawm cov dej ntws raws ntug dej uas cov pab pawg Finno-Ugric nyob, raws li txoj cai, xaus qhov tseeb hauv "va", piv txwv li, Sosva, Shkava, Lysva. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb txhais ntawm thawj ntu ntawm lo lus,uas zoo li "mosk", cov kws tshawb fawb nrhiav tsis tau.
Koom Txoos Hmoob
Tab sis yog peb tig mus rau hom lus Komi, peb tuaj yeem txhais tau yooj yim cov lus "mosk", uas txhais tau tias "nyuj" lossis "heifer". Cov npe zoo sib xws feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb toponymy, piv txwv li, German Oxenfurt lossis British Oxford muaj cov lus txhais uas zoo li "bull ford". Qhov kev xav no, qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog Moscow, tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse thiab nto moo Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm V. O. Klyuchevsky. Nws yog tom qab nws tau lees paub txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv no uas qhov kev xav tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb.
Tab sis tom qab ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas, pom tias cov neeg Komi yeej tsis nyob ze ntawm ntug dej ntawm Moscow. Txoj kev xav tau raug kev thuam hnyav thiab tsim txiaj tom qab nws tau ua pov thawj tias tsis muaj cov npe zoo sib xws ntawm Moscow thiab Ural thaj tsam ntawm cov dej ntws xaus nrog cov npe "va" rau ntau txhiab kilometers.
Meryansk keeb kwm
Cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus tshawb nrhiav txawm tias qhov me ntsis ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe "Moscow". Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txiav txim siab "mosk" particle, uas kuj tau ua haujlwm los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij thaj chaw SK Kuznetsov. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau paub ntau yam lus uas yog pab pawg lus Finno-Ugric. Nws tau hais tias cov lus "mosk" yog los ntawm Meryan keeb kwm thiab hauv cov suab qub zoo li "lub ntsej muag". Lo lus no tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias li " dais ", thiab lub npe "va" yog Meryan lo lus "ava", uas txhais tau tias"poj niam", "niam". Yog li, tus dej Moscow yog "Medveditsa" lossis "Bear River". Qee cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias qhov version ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe ntawm Moscow muaj txoj cai muaj nyob. Tom qab tag nrho, cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg Merya tiag tiag nyob ntawm no, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm yav dhau los "The Tale of Bygone Years". Tab sis txawm tias qhov kev xav no tuaj yeem raug hu mus rau lo lus nug.
Tsis pom zoo rau qhov kev xav no, taw rau keeb kwm ntawm lub npe "Moscow", hais tias qhov tseeb tias lo lus "lub npog ncauj" muaj Mordovian-Erzya thiab Mari keeb kwm. Cov lus no tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm peb lub xeev nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv XIV-XV centuries. Lo lus tau txais los ntawm cov neeg Slavic thiab thaum xub thawj suab zoo li "mechka" (dais). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis muaj hydronyms xaus nyob rau hauv "va" nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow (tshwj tsis yog rau Moscow River) tsa ntau lo lus nug. Tom qab tag nrho, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias cov neeg uas nyob hauv ib thaj chaw tshwj xeeb tau tso tseg ntau lub npe zoo sib xws. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Vladimir thiab Ryazan muaj ntau tus dej ntws uas nws lub npe xaus rau "ur" thiab "peb": Tynus, Kistrus, Bachur, Dardur, Ninur thiab lwm yam.
Zoomi language
Qhov kev xav thib peb, taw qhia rau Finno-Ugric keeb kwm ntawm lub npe "Moscow", qhia tias cov lus "mosk" muaj feem xyuam rau cov lus Suomi, thiab cov lus ua ntej "va" yog qiv los ntawm cov neeg Komi. Yog tias koj ntseeg qhov version no, ces "mosk" txhais tau tias "dub", "dub", thiab "va" txhais tau tias "dej", "kwj", "dej". Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov kev xav piav qhia qhov twg lub npe "Moscow" los ntawm yog qhia los ntawm qhov tsis muaj laj thawj txuashom lus sib txawv, nyob deb ntawm ib leeg.
Version txog Iranian-Scythian keeb kwm
Ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas sim ua kom pom cov keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog Moscow, muaj cov neeg ntseeg tias lo lus yog cov neeg nyob deb dhau ntawm Oka phiab. Piv txwv li, tus kws tshaj lij A. I. Sobolevsky, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tau hais tias lub npe los ntawm Avestan lo lus "ama", uas txhais tau tias "muaj zog". Cov lus Avestan belongs rau pawg lus Iranian. Nws tau siv nyob rau hauv lub XII-VI centuries. BC.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav ntawm A. I. Sobolevsky tsis pom cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm lwm cov kws tshawb fawb, vim nws muaj ntau qhov tsis muaj zog. Piv txwv li, cov pab pawg neeg Scythian hais lus Iranian tsis tau nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob ze ntawm Moskva River phiab. Thiab kuj nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha loj dej uas muaj qhov zoo sib xws los yog txoj kev tsim zoo sib xws. Nws paub tias A. I. Sobolevsky ntseeg hais tias lub npe "Moscow" yog txhais ua "roob". Txawm li cas los xij, tus dej ntws ntsiag to tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov roob hav dej ntawm ntug dej uas cov Scythians nyob.
Hybrid version
Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Academician L. S. Berg, raws li Japhetic txoj kev xav ntawm N. Ya. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tau tswj xyuas kom pom ib qho keeb kwm tseeb uas yuav lees paub nwshypothesis.
Version by N. I. Shishkin
Lub npe "Moscow" los ntawm qhov twg, txiav txim siab los txheeb xyuas tus kws paub txog ci ntsa iab N. I. Shishkin, uas tau coj Berg's hybrid version ua lub hauv paus. Xyoo 1947, nws tau hais tias ob feem ntawm lo lus ("mosk" thiab "wa") yog cov lus Japhetic. Qhov kev xav no tso cai rau peb los txhais cov hydronym "Moscow" raws li "cov pab pawg neeg dej ntawm Moskhovs" lossis "tus dej ntawm Moskhovs". Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem pom qhov tseeb keeb kwm lees paub qhov version no. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas lus tau ua tiav, yam tsis muaj qhov kev xav tsis muaj cai muaj nyob.
Rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe "Moscow" rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv
Qhov plausible tshaj plaws yog cov kev xav taw qhia rau Slavic keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm tus dej Moscow. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los kev txhais lus, uas tsis muaj kev lees paub kiag li, thiab tsuas yog ua raws li kev xav xwb, Slavic keeb kwm ntawm lub npe "Moscow" tau raug rau cov lus piav qhia nyuaj tshaj plaws los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb paub zoo. Cov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws siv hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb xws li S. P. Obnogorsky, P. Ya. Chernykh, G. A. Ilyinsky thiab Polish Slavist T. Ler-Splavinsky. Yuav ua li cas cov tub ntxhais kawm luv luv qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Moscow thiab keeb kwm ntawm nws lub npe? Cia peb hais cov lus uas tau teev tseg hauv cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau teev tseg saum toj no.
Lub nroog pib hu ua Moscow nkaus xwb nyob rau xyoo pua 14th. Txog thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, lub npe hu ua Mosky. "Mosk" hauv kev txhais lus los ntawm Lavxias teb sab qub txhais tau tias "swamp", "humidity", "viscous" lossis "boggy". "sk" hauv paustuaj yeem hloov los ntawm prefix "zg". Ntau cov lus niaj hnub thiab cov lus hais los ntawm "mosk", piv txwv li, huab cua dank, uas txhais tau tias los nag, huab cua txias. G. A. Ilyinsky los txog qhov xaus no.
P. Ya. Chernykh muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ib tug hypothesis txog lub dialectal xwm ntawm lo lus "mosci". Tus kws tshawb fawb tau paub tseeb tias lo lus no tau siv los ntawm Vyatichi Slavs. Lawv cov txheeb ze ze tshaj plaws - Krivichi - muaj lo lus zoo sib xws hauv lub ntsiab lus, uas tau hais tias "vlga". Qee cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias nws yog los ntawm nws tias hydronym Volga originated. Qhov tseeb tias "moski" txhais tau tias "ntoo" pom ntau qhov kev lees paub hauv ntau hom lus hais los ntawm Slavs. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov dej ntws hauv cov bass uas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob, piv txwv li, Moskava, Muscovy, Moskovki, Moskovets.
Cov lus Slovak muaj ib lo lus "moskva", txhais tau tias "khoom cij sau los ntawm teb thaum huab cua phem" lossis "moist granular bread". Hauv Lithuanian, koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus qhia "mazgoti", uas txhais tau tias "rinse" lossis "knead", hauv Latvian - cov lus qhia "moskat" - "sash". Tag nrho cov no qhia tau hais tias cov version uas txhais lub npe "Moscow" li "boggy", "ntub", "swampy" muaj txhua yam vim li cas. Tej zaum qhov no yog peb cov yawg koob tau pom thaj chaw uas lub nroog loj tau tsim.
Muaj kev xav tias tus dej Moskva tau txais nws lub npe thaum tib neeg pib nyob hauv nws qhov siab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog nyob rau niaj hnub no muaj swampy, impassable thaj chaw. Peb paub tias ib zaug cov chaw no hu ua "Moskvoretskaya Puddle", hais txog qhov twgtau hais nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Phau Ntawv Zoo Tshaj Plaws", sau xyoo 1627. Qhov no yog li cas tus sau hais txog lub hauv paus ntawm tus dej: "Thiab tus dej Moskva ntws tawm ntawm swamp, raws Vyazemskaya txoj kev, dhau Mozhaisk, peb caug versts los yog ntau tshaj."
Qee qhov kev xav taw qhia rau Slavic cov hauv paus hniav ntawm hydronym "Moscow" tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li, piv txwv li, Z. Dolenga-Khodakovsky, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, muab tso rau nws tus kheej lub tswv yim ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm hydronym. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, "Moscow" yog lub qub version ntawm lo lus "mostki". Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm tus dej, uas tau tsim ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm choj. Cov ntawv no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb paub zoo uas kawm Moscow, I. E. Zabelin.
Muaj ntau ntau yam lus dab neeg uas qhia luv luv txog keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog Moscow. Qee tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam siv lawv hauv lawv cov haujlwm, muab cov lus dab neeg ua paj huam. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv los ntawm D. Eremin "Kremlin Hill" muaj ib tug poetic txhais ntawm lub toponym. Tus sau, piav qhia txog kev tuag ntawm legendary Ilya Muromets, hais txog nws cov lus kawg:
- "Ib yam li lub siab ntev dhau lawm:" Peb yuav tsum forge hwj chim !
Yog li cas tus dej Moskva tau txais nws lub npe.
Finno-Ugric thiab B alto-Slavic keeb kwm
Slavic hypotheses qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub npe muaj lawv qhov tsis muaj zog thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov version no ib txwm tau mus txog lub npe ntawm lub nroog raws li lo lus yooj yim, tsis quav ntsej txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab keeb kwm.feem. Feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb uas txhawb qhov kev xav no ntseeg hais tias tus dej Moskva tsis muaj hydronym kom txog thaum cov neeg Slavic pib nyob ntawm nws lub tsev txhab nyiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tej yam yuav txawv kiag li.
Yog tias peb tig mus rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav archaeological uas txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no, peb yuav paub tias thawj qhov chaw Slavic nyob hauv tus dej phwj twb muaj nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm thawj xyoo txhiab AD. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej lawv (hauv peb txhiab xyoo BC), cov pab pawg neeg hais lus Finnish nyob ntawm no, uas muaj neeg coob coob nyob hauv thaj chaw. Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov keeb kwm monuments kuj tau pom, uas tau tso tseg los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Volosovskaya, Dyakovskaya thiab Fatyanovo kab lis kev cai, uas nyob rau hauv cov chaw no mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm thawj txhiab xyoo ntawm peb era.
Cov Slavs uas tau tsiv mus rau thaj av no, feem ntau yuav, khaws cov hydronym, ua qee qhov kev hloov kho. Ib yam li ntawd tau ua nrog lwm qhov chaw nyob thiab cov dej ntws, ib feem tuav lub npe qub. Hydronyms kuj hloov ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm Slavic pab pawg neeg. Tias yog vim li cas hauv cov lus xws li "Moscow" koj tuaj yeem pom Finno-Finnish lossis B altic hauv paus.
Lub Slavic version zoo li ntseeg tau yog tias peb xav txog nws nkaus xwb los ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm uas cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb niaj hnub pom tsis ntseeg txog qhov kev xav no. Rau qhov kev xav kom pom tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab, nws yuav tsum muaj ob qho lus pov thawj thiab keeb kwm.
Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv
Adherents ntawm Slavic version sivRaws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pawg lus B altic. Cov lus Lavxias muaj ntau yam sib xws nrog Latvian thiab Lithuanian, uas yuam cov kws tshawb fawb kom rov xav txog feem ntau ntawm cov npe ntawm thaj chaw. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev xav hais tias yav dhau los muaj ib pawg lus B alto-Slavic, cov pab pawg uas tau muab lub npe "Moscow". Daim duab ntawm B alto-Slavic relic pom los ntawm archaeologists nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub niaj hnub peev yog ib tug ncaj qha kev pom zoo ntawm qhov no.
Tus naas ej linguist V. N. Toporov tau tswj xyuas kom ntxaws ntxaws ntawm hydronym ntawm tus dej. Nws txoj hauj lwm muaj qhov tseeb uas ntseeg tau tias nws tau luam tawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, xws li B altika.
Raws li V. N. Toporov, cov lus "va", uas yog nyob rau hauv lo lus "Moscow", yuav tsum tsis txhob suav hais tias yog nws qhov kawg lossis cov npe. Lub ntsiab lus no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lo lus. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau taw qhia tias cov dej ntws, hauv cov npe uas muaj ib qho "va", pom ob qho tib si ze Moscow thiab hauv B altic xeev, cheeb tsam Dnieper. Ntawm cov hlab ntsha dej ntws mus rau hauv Oka phiab, kuj muaj cov uas xaus hauv "ava" thiab "va", piv txwv li, Koshtva, Khotva, Nigva, Smedva, Protva, Smedva, Izmostva, Shkva, Loknava. Qhov zoo sib xws no qhia tau hais tias hydronyms yuav muaj cov lus nyob rau hauv pawg lus B altic.
B. N. Toporov paub tseeb tias lub hauv paus "mosk" muaj ntau yam nrog rau lub ntsej muag B altic. Ib yam li hauv Lavxias, lub hauv paus no txhais tau tias "slushy", "ntub","kua", "rotten". Hauv ob pawg lus, "mosk" tuaj yeem suav nrog lub tswv yim ntawm "sib ntaus", "kais", "rub", "khiav", "mus". Muaj ntau cov piv txwv zoo sib xws, thaum cov lus zoo sib xws tsis yog hauv lub suab nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj lub ntsiab lus, hauv Lavxias, Latvian thiab Lithuanian lus. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus nrov ntawm V. Dahl, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav lo lus "moscott", uas txhais tau hais tias "knocking", "tapping", thiab cov lus hais tias "ua tau" - "tshem", "sib ntaus". Qhov no txhais tau hais tias B alto-Slavic sib npaug ntawm lub npe ntawm tus dej thiab lub nroog tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm. Yog tias qhov no yog qhov tseeb, lub hnub nyoog ntawm Moscow yog ob peb zaug siab dua qhov uas tau teev tseg hauv txhua phau ntawv keeb kwm.
