Los ntawm kev hloov mus rau Bologna system ntawm kev kawm, Russia pib paub cov kev kawm qib siab tshiab - bachelor's thiab master's programs. Feem ntau cov tsev kawm qib siab tau pib npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm rau cov kev kawm no. Koj tuaj yeem kawm bachelor's degree hauv plaub xyoos. Tom qab ntawd, tus tub ntxhais kawm txawm mus ua haujlwm lossis txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv lub magistracy. Nws txuas ntxiv rau ob xyoos ntxiv. Tus tswv yav tom ntej nkag siab qhov kev paub uas tau txais. Tom qab kawm tiav qib master's degree, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm tiav thiab koom nrog kev tshawb fawb tag nrho.
Bachelor's degree
Bachelor students kawm plaub xyoos. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev nkag mus kawm yog kawm tiav theem nrab, uas yog, kaum ib qib ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li, cov kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm txuj ci lossis tsev kawm qib siab tuaj yeem mus kawm rau bachelor's degree. Hauv qhov no, lub sijhawm kawm yuav yog peb xyoos.
Bachelor cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm qib siab thiab bachelor's degree thaum kawm tiav.
Tab sis tam sim no cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum kawm kom nkag siab txog dab tsi yog siv baccalaureate thiab kev kawm baccalaureate, txij li tsis ntev los no cov nocov kev pab cuam kuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev kawm system.
Zaj 2020
Txij li xyoo 2010, me ntsis ntau dua 50 lub tsev kawm txuj ci Lavxias teb sab thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab tau sim nrog cov ntawv thov thiab kev kawm bachelor's programs. Daim ntawv thov bachelor's degree yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog nrog kev kawm qib siab. Ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb, qhov no yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab.
Kev siv baccalaureate tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm kev kho dua tshiab ntawm tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm "Lub Tswv Yim 2020", txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev lag luam mus sij hawm ntev hauv lub tebchaws.
Thaum lub tswv yim ntawm "siv bachelor's degree" tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws, nws tau xav tias nws tseem yuav tau qhia plaub xyoos. Tom qab ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij tau hloov mus rau qhov kev cob qhia peb xyoos. Tam sim no lawv tau txiav txim siab rau qhov kev xaiv thawj zaug.
daim ntawv thov bachelor's degree txhais li cas? Tam sim no lub tswv yim no suav nrog ob yam:
- Kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm uas yuav muaj kev kawm siab dua.
- Bachelor's degree, uas muaj kev thov txuas ntxiv tsom mus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj haujlwm.
Lub teb chaws cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab nyiam qhov kev xaiv thib ob.
Meaning of Applied Baccalaureate
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas nyiam cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv mus rau bachelor's program yog lub sijhawm los nrhiav txoj haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig tom qab kawm tiav. Raws li koj paub, cov tub ntxhais kawm bachelor tsis muaj ib qho kev tsim nyog. Thaum lub sij hawm thov baccalaureate program, cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm tib yam kev kawm ib yam li hauv kev kawm tsis tu ncua, tab sis ntau duaxyaum taw qhia. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus menyuam kawm ntawv tau txais kev tsim nyog meej.
Npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm rau ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, qhia cov txuj ci hauv computer thiab cov ncauj lus yooj yim txhawm rau ua kom cov thawj coj ua haujlwm, muab kev coj ua cuam tshuam thiab kev kawm tiav qib siab - qhov no yog qhov siv bachelor's degree txhais tau tias. Thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm raug cob qhia yog qhov xav tau zoo hauv kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no.
Kev cob qhia peb lossis plaub xyoos?
Yog li, dab tsi yog daim bachelor's degree, qhov tseeb? Qhov no yog ib qho kev kawm yooj yim, ntxiv los ntawm kev tsim nyog hauv ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Tseem muaj kev sib cav txog kev kawm peb xyoos lossis plaub xyoos. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau txiav txim siab tso tseg ntawm plaub xyoos ntawm kev kawm, txij li cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab yuav tsum tau txais kev kawm qib siab uas tsim nyog.
Thaum lub kaw lus nyuam qhuav raug qhia, nws tau thov kom hloov npe cov kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov tsev kawm txuj ci mus rau qib bachelor's degree. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv no yog 3-3.5 xyoo. Tab sis lub tswv yim tau hloov mus ua untenable. Thaum kawg, daim ntawv thov bachelor's degree tseem yog bachelor's degree, uas yog, nws yuav tsum tau txais kev kawm qib siab. Cov tsev kawm txuj ci thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab tsis muaj cov txuj ci zoo li no.
Kev Kawm Baccalaureate
Tom paub tias qhov kev thov bachelor's degree yog dab tsi, thiab nws tau tsom mus rau kev npaj cov kws tshaj lij rau kev ua haujlwm, peb tuaj yeem pib nkag siab lub tswv yim ntawm kev kawm bachelor's degree. Qhov kev cob qhia noyog tsom rau kev tsim lub hauv paus theoretical rau ntau qhov kev qhuab qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo, txij li nws tau xav tias cov neeg kawm tiav yuav tau txais cov txuj ci tseem ceeb uas twb tau ua haujlwm lawm. Daim ntawv kev kawm no tseem txuas ntxiv tau plaub xyoos.
Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej seb nws xav tau dab tsi - kawm lossis thov. Applied and Academic Baccalaureate txhais li cas? Cov qub tsom mus rau kev paub txog kev paub, thaum lub tom kawg tsom rau kev xav. Kev kawm bachelors yog lub hom phiaj npaj rau kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm. Lawv tau teeb tsa tias lawv yuav mus kawm ntxiv - mus kawm qib siab.
Bachelor's txawv
Yog koj saib seb daim bachelor's degree thiab kev kawm bachelor's degree yog dab tsi, nws hloov tawm tias thawj zaug yog cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog kev kawm siab dua, thiab qhov thib ob yog ib hom kev kawm qib siab.
Kev nkag mus rau tus tswv txoj haujlwm ntxiv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm kev thov thiab kev kawm bachelor's programs txawv. "Academicians" dhau ib qho kev xaiv sib tw, thiab "cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv" yuav tsum xub ua haujlwm hauv lawv qhov tshwj xeeb rau qee lub xyoo ua ntej nkag.
Yog li, peb tau txheeb xyuas seb qhov kev thov bachelor's degree thiab kev kawm bachelor's degree txhais li cas. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov muaj kev paub txog kev paub, kev txawj thiab peev xwm. "Cov neeg thov" yog cov kws tshwj xeeb nqaim nrog cov txuj ci tsim nyog hauv qee yamthaj chaw. "Cov kws tshaj lij" muaj kev pom dav dav hauv qee qhov kev paub, tab sis lawv tsis muaj kev txawj ntse.
Kev kawm tiav qib twg xaiv?
Peb pom tias daim ntawv thov thiab kev kawm bachelor's degree txhais li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, nag hmo cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntsib txoj kev xaiv: yuav mus qhov twg ntxiv? Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem mus rau bachelor's degree tsis tu ncua, lossis xaiv ib qho kev thov lossis kev kawm.
Bachelor's degree muaj kev qhia kev taw qhia, tau txais kev paub theoretical. Tseem muaj cov kev xyaum ua, tab sis lawv muaj tsawg. Hauv daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab, cov tub ntxhais kawm bachelor yuav, piv txwv li, muaj cov ntawv sau "Applied Informatics".
Dab tsi yog daim bachelor's degree? Qhov no yog thaum tus tub ntxhais kawm tau txais qhov kev paub txog kev paub uas nws xav tau thiab kev ua haujlwm tom ntej, nrog rau kev kawm qib siab. Thaum nws kawm tiav, nws yuav muaj lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Rau qee qhov, qhov no tseem yog tib qho tshwj xeeb, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qee qhov tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov no, qee yam tshwj xeeb yuav raug qhia hauv tus tub ntxhais kawm daim ntawv pov thawj, piv txwv li, "C++ programmer".
Yog tias peb xav txog qhov kev thov bachelor's degree hauv kev qhia kws qhia ntawv yog dab tsi, ces nws muab cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog kev cob qhia hauv kev paub ntau yam kev txawj ntse hauv thaj chaw xws li kev kawm, kab lis kev cai thiab kev sib raug zoo. Tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum tau npaj rau kev qhia, kev tshawb fawb lossis kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev kawm.
Yog li xaiv dab tsi? Qhov tseeb yog tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsis muaj tej yam kev mob rau kev cob qhiacov neeg ua haujlwm tau npaj ntau tshaj plaws, raws li xav tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev zov me nyuam "applied bachelor's degree". Hauv qhov no, bachelor's degree tsis tu ncua yog qhov zoo dua. Yog tias tsuas yog vim cov kws tshaj lij tawm hauv cov tsev ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, muaj kev pom dav dav hauv qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev paub. Lawv tuaj yeem mus ua haujlwm lossis mus kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv, ua science.
Kev kawm bachelor's degree muaj qhov zoo dua hauv qhov kev nkag siab no. Cov kws tshaj lij muaj kev pom dav dav thiab tuaj yeem tau txais txoj haujlwm tsis yog hauv qee qhov tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam. Yog tsis muaj kev xyaum ces yeej tsis txaus ntshai. Cov "cov neeg thov" kuj tsis muaj nws. Tsis muaj lub hauv paus tsim nyog hauv lub tebchaws. Tsis tau.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv?
Tom tau kawm tias daim ntawv thov thiab kev kawm bachelor's degree yog dab tsi, piv cov ntsiab lus no nrog kev kawm bachelor's degree, koj pib nug koj tus kheej lo lus nug no: "Kuv yuav ua haujlwm qhov twg?" Tau txais txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ib txwm muaj nrog daim bachelor's degree ntawm ib qib twg yog qhov teeb meem heev.
Ib tug kws tshaj lij yuav tsum tau txais kev paub txog kev txawj ntse hauv thaj chaw uas nws nyiam, thiab tom qab ntawd kawm siv lawv hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yuav muaj lub sijhawm los muaj tswv yim hauv nws txoj haujlwm.
Vim li ntawd, thaum qhov kev zov me nyuam yog tsom rau kev kawm kom nias lub pob. Cov no yog cov txuj ci siv tau. Tab sis dab tsi lub pob no muaj txiaj ntsig rau, nws muab dab tsi thiab siv nws li cas kom raugsiv, qhov no twb yog ib txoj kev xav uas koj yuav tsum paub. Yog tsis muaj kev paub txog kev txawj ntse, tus kws tshaj lij tiag tiag yuav tsis ua haujlwm txawm tias nws ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev xyaum.
Tau txiav txim siab seb qhov kev thov thiab kev kawm bachelor's degree yog dab tsi, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau hom kev kawm thib ob.
Nyob hauv kaw
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev kawm qib siab hauv peb lub tebchaws tau hloov pauv ntau. Ntau yam tshiab thiab cov kev xav tau tshwm sim. Ntxiv rau kev kawm rau bachelor's thiab master's degree, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau pib kawm hauv kev thov thiab kev kawm bachelor's programs. Yuav xaiv dab tsi thiab qhov twg yuav mus kawm ntxiv, sawv daws txiav txim rau nws tus kheej.
