Cov duab zoo kawg li Privolzhskaya Upland stretches ntawm Volgograd mus rau Nizhny Novgorod rau ntau tshaj 800 kilometers. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, nws cov slopes dheev tawg mus rau lub Volga, ua rau cov ntug dej ntawm tus dej ntxhab thiab impregnable. Tsab xov xwm yuav tsom mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub nyem, geology thiab tectonic qauv ntawm lub Volga Upland. Peb kuj tseem yuav qhia rau koj txog qhov chaw zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av no.
thaj chaw ntawm Volga Upland
Txoj kev nyem ntawm European ib feem ntawm Russia yog amazingly ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub npe nrov Volga River, lub Volga Upland stretched. Nws tag nrho ntev yog 810 kilometers, thaum lub dav sib txawv - los ntawm 60 mus rau 500 km. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, tus qauv orographic no smoothly dhau mus rau hauv Oka-Don Plain, tab sis nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, nws tawg tawm hauv qhov tob tob mus rau Volga. Nyob rau sab qab teb, Ergeni massif ua ib hom kev txuas ntxiv ntawm nws.
Volga Upland puagthaj chaw ntawm tsib cheeb tsam ntawm Russia ib zaug. Cov no yog Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Mordovia, Nizhny Novgorod thiab Penza cheeb tsam. Nyob rau sab qab teb, nws ciam teb dhau los ze Volgograd, thiab nyob rau sab qaum teb - nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog Cheboksary. Cov chaw loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv toj siab yog: Penza, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Syzran, Saransk thiab Kamyshin. Daim ntawv qhia ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj kev cia siab ciam teb:
Yog li, peb pom qhov twg Volga Upland nyob. Thiab tam sim no cia peb kawm ntxiv txog tectonic thiab geological qauv ntawm thaj chaw no.
Volga Upland: tectonic qauv thiab geology
Cov toj roob hauv pes yog raws li qhov siab asymmetric siab, lub hauv paus ntawm uas yog tsim los ntawm cov deposits ntawm Upper Paleozoic. Lub hauv paus qub crystalline nyob ntawm no ntawm qhov tob tob (ntau tshaj 800 meters).
Feem ntau, Volga Upland nyob rau ntawm ob peb tectonic qauv ib zaug. Yog li, nws sab qaum teb sib raug mus rau qhov siab Volga-Ural koov, thiab sab qab teb yog nyob rau ntawm txoj kab nqes maj mam ntawm Voronezh anteclise. Cov qauv tectonic uas tau hais tseg yog sib cais los ntawm qhov nqaim Saratov-Ryazan syneclis, ncab ntawm Saratov mus rau Ryazan.
Lub toj yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb uas yooj yim rhuav tshem ntawm Paleogene thiab Cretaceous lub sijhawm - chalk, av nplaum, marls thiab xuab zeb. Hauv qee qhov chaw, cov khoom qub qub, xws li limestone, sandstone thiab dolomite, tuaj rau saum npoo. Lub subsoil ntawm cheeb tsam no yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv minerals:roj, roj, phosphorite, nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev.
Geomorphology thiab hydrology ntawm thaj chaw (luv luv)
Qhov siab nruab nrab hauv Volga Upland yog 150-200 meters. Nyob rau sab qab teb lawv nce mus rau 250-300 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov siab yog Mount Observer (381 m).
Lub ntsiab loj ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes yog ib lub toj siab faib los ntawm ntau lub hav dej, ravines thiab gullies. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ze rau Volga, qhov muaj zog ntawm thaj chaw yog dissected los ntawm ravine-beam network. Feem ntau hais txog cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm tus dej nqes hav feem ntau hu ua roob (piv txwv li, Klimovskie lossis Zhiguli roob).
Av yaig yog qhov tshaj tawm nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm toj siab. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm tus dej Syzranka, ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm gullies thiab hav, av qeeg tuaj yeem pom. Hauv qhov chaw, karst landforms tau kis.
Txoj kab dej ntws ntawm Volga-Don hla dhau thaj chaw ntawm Volga Upland. Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej thiab cov kwj deg los ntawm no. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv yog Sura, Moksha, Ilovlya, Khoper, Medveditsa thiab lwm yam.
Zhiguli Toj siab
Thaum tham txog Volga Upland, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog lub roob Zhiguli. Qhov no yog ib qho zoo nkauj loj heev nyob rau hauv qhov khoov ntawm lub Volga (lub thiaj li hu ua Samarskaya Luka). Nws yog nyob ntawm no tias Observer nyob - lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm lub nruab nrab strip ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Lwm lub ncov nto moo ntawm pawg yog Molodetsky Kurgan, Popova Gora, Mogutova Gora.
Zhiguli yog qhov tshwj xeebqhov chaw. Tseeb tiag, qhov tseeb, lawv yog tib lub roob tectonic ntawm tag nrho Lavxias teb sab Plain. Thiab los ntawm cov qauv geological, lawv tseem hluas heev - lawv tsuas yog 7 lab xyoo xwb. Tib lub sijhawm, lub roob Zhiguli tseem loj hlob ntxiv (los ntawm 1 millimeter ib xyoos).
Vim lawv cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj, Zhiguli nrov heev ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Tej zaum qhov chaw uas tau mus xyuas ntau tshaj plaws ntawm no yog lub Pob Zeb Pob Zeb nrog nws cov springs.
Scherbakovskaya beam
Nyob rau hauv lub tiaj ua si Shcherbakovskiy ntuj muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb monument - ib tug nqaj nrog tib lub npe. Nws tag nrho cheeb tsam yog hais txog 140 hectares. Rau qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes, qhov chaw no feem ntau hu ua Volga Switzerland. Tab sis cov neeg hauv zos hu ua Shcherbakovskaya Balka lub tsev muag tshuaj qhib, vim muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag tshuaj sib txawv loj tuaj ntawm no.
Lub uniqueness ntawm Shcherbakovskaya Balka nyob rau hauv ntau yam amazing toj roob hauv pes thiab tej yam ntuj tso complexes. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam me me, birch groves coexist nrog yuav luag roob waterfalls thiab pob zeb pob tsuas. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov nqaj muaj tsawg kawg yog 300 hom, ntawm tsib caug yog tsis tshua muaj lossis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
