Arthropods yog cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj hauv ntiaj teb. Cia li xav txog: lawv tus lej yog kaum npaug ntau dua li cov naj npawb ntawm lwm hom sib xyaw ua ke! Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm arthropods, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov qauv sab nraud thiab sab hauv, cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej tau nthuav tawm hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Habitat
Arthropods yog cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb. Lawv tau mastered kiag li txhua qhov chaw nyob. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm thaj av, hauv cov dej tshiab thiab ntsev, av, thiab kab mob cab nyob hauv lwm yam kab mob. Lawv muaj peev xwm nkag tau, txav hauv av, ua luam dej, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, ya.
Txoj kev ntawm cov qauv sab nraud
Lub npe ntawm hom chordates no txuas nrog lawv cov morphology. Arthropods yog cov tsiaj uas muaj segmented lub cev thiab ceg. Pom zoo, kab laug sab, crayfish thiab muv yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Tab sis,Txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub cev muaj peb ntu: lub taub hau, hauv siab thiab lub plab. Lawv muaj caj dab, tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb systematic feature.
Ntawm lub taub hau yog kav hlau txais xov, uas yog lub cev kov, thiab ob lub qhov muag. Lub hauv siab dais ua ke sib koom ua ke ntawm caj npab thiab outgrowths ntawm integument - tis. Qhov no feature ntawm tus qauv txiav txim lawv muaj peev xwm ya. Lub plab yog feem ntau tsis muaj ceg tawv, los yog lawv tau hloov kho. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kab laug sab lawv raug hloov mus rau hauv tshwj xeeb warts.
Siab
Lub cev ntawm txhua tus arthropods yog npog nrog lub cuticle ntom, muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb - chitin. Hauv qee hom, xws li crayfish thiab crabs, lub npog tsim ib lub cev tawv thiab muaj zog sab nraud, ntxiv rau impregnated nrog calcium carbonate. Txij li thaum chitin tsis muaj peev xwm ncab zoo li daim tawv nqaij collagen, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm arthropods yog nrog los ntawm lub sij hawm molting.
lub cev kab noj hniav
Arthropods yog tsiaj nyob rau hauv uas thaum lub sij hawm ontogenesis, nyob rau theem ntawm embryonic txoj kev loj hlob, ib tug thib ob lub cev kab noj hniav yog pw. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm, nws cov hauv ob sab phlu yog maj mam rhuav tshem, thiab nws merges nrog lub hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, lub cev kab noj hniav ntawm arthropods yog tov. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature kuj muaj lub cev rog - ib hom kev sib txuas cov ntaub so ntswg uas ua rau lub qhov khoob ntawm lub cev. Nws cov haujlwm ntxiv yog cov khoom noj khoom haus, tsim cov qe ntshav, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj.
Muscles
Cov leeg nqaijarthropod yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg striated. Nws cov fibers tau sau rau hauv pob. Cov qauv no txiav txim siab qhov tseeb thiab nrawm nrawm ntawm arthropods.
Organ systems
Lub plab zom mov ntawm cov tsiaj no yog hom los ntawm hom. Cov metabolism sai pab ua kom cov enzymes ntawm lub qog ua kua qaub thiab lub siab. Arthropods yog cov kab mob uas muaj ntau hom zaub mov. Ntawm lawv muaj saprotrophs, thiab predators, thiab parasites, thiab ntshav nqus hom.
Cov kab mob excretory feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tubules tshwj xeeb lossis cov hlab ntsha malpighian. Circulatory - qhib hom. Nws muaj lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha uas qhib rau hauv lub cev kab noj hniav. Nyob ntawd, cov ntshav sib xyaw nrog cov kua dej hauv cov kab noj hniav, tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb - hemolymph, uas ua rau kev sib pauv roj.
Cov kab mob ua pa yog ua rau ib puag ncig. Rau cov kab mob hauv dej, cov no yog gills. hauv av - trachea lossis ntsws ntsws.
Lub paj hlwb nyuaj heev. Lub paj hlwb yog sawv cev los ntawm cov ntu tshwj xeeb: anterior, nruab nrab thiab posterior. Txhua tus ntawm lawv innervates qee lub cev. Arthropods yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus cwj pwm instinctive. Thiab dhau li ntawm congenital reflexes, cov tau txais kuj yog tsim - conditional.
Lub cev xeeb tub feem ntau yog hom dioecious. Tab sis fertilization tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud, uas tshwm sim sab nraum lub cev ntawm tus poj niam. Zoo li kev txhim kho - ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj - nrog rau theemlarvae.
Chav kawm ntawm hom Arthropods
Cia tham txog kev sib cais ntxiv. Ob peb chav nyob sib koom ua ke los ntawm hom Arthropoda: chav kawm crustaceans, arachnids thiab kab.
Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv vain tias ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog precisely hom arthropods. Cov chav kawm crustacean txawv ntawm lwm tus nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ob khub ntawm antennae ntawm lub taub hau, gills thiab cov qog ntsuab. Lawv yog cov neeg nyob hauv dej, txawm tias qee tus ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm nyob rau thaj chaw ntub dej. Class Arachnids yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov cim sab nraud. Lawv lub cev muaj cephalothorax thiab lub plab mog. Lawv muaj plaub ceg taug kev, tentacles thiab chelicerae - tshwj xeeb cov ceg tawv uas kab laug sab tho lub cev ntawm lawv cov tsiaj. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm kab yog lub xub ntiag ntawm peb ob txhais ceg ntawm lub hauv siab. Tus naj npawb tseem ceeb ntawm hom, ntxiv rau cov kab mob cab, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm ntawm integuments - tis.
Yog li, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom arthropod muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo zuj zus uas tso cai rau lawv hloov mus rau ntau yam kev nyob thiab nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob.
