Ntau zaus, ntau - cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab lawv niam lawv txiv - muaj lus nug txog kev sau ntawv ntawm cov lus tom qab. Hnub no peb yuav tham txog lub ntsiab lus "k". Ntau tus neeg, tsis paub nws lub ntsiab lus, ua yuam kev ntau hauv kev sau cov lus uas muaj nws. Yog li, cia peb delve me ntsis rau hauv cov tsiaj qus ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, xav txog yuav ua li cas sau qee cov lus qhia kom raug.
Zaj dab neeg ntawm no suffix
Pib nrog, peb tuaj yeem xav txog keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lo lus no. Lub ntsiab lus "k" tshwm sim ntev dhau los. Nws tuaj yeem pom, piv txwv li, hauv cov npe ntawm txoj kev ntawm Moscow (Ilyinka; Sretenka; Solyanka). Feem ntau, txhua lo lus nrog cov lus "k" tau siv los ntawm tib neeg los txo thiab nkag siab qee cov ntsiab lus nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, tib neeg pib hu txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nees "nees". Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tau tsim los ntawm cov kab lus. Piv txwv li, xav txog qhov tsim ntawm lo lus "postcard". Nws yog dab tsi? Daim ntawv qhib tsis tu ncua. Ntawm no yog lub npe los ntawm. Los yog ua piv txwv li no: lo lus "dawb". Nws tau tsim los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav"lie", uas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm "tsim". Lwm tiam..
Kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog cov lus nug tom qab
Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias txhua lo lus nrog lub ntsiab lus "k" ua rau peb cov lus tsis zoo, ua rau nws nrog kev hais lus phem. Yog li, pib ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, xws li cov lus xws li "lub tsev noj mov", "chav haus luam yeeb", "tam sim no" thiab lwm yam tau tshwm sim hauv cov lus. Cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm cov lus Lavxias classic tsis nyiam cov ntawv luv luv thiab yooj yim. Qhov tseeb, cov lus tsis tuaj yeem raug cais ua "vulgarisms" tsuas yog vim lawv tsis nyiam lawv. Nco ntsoov tias cov piv txwv saum toj no tau siv los yog tau siv los ua kom yooj yim rau cov lus hais nyuaj, lossis cov lus nrog cov lus txuas ntxiv no yog tsim los ntawm cov kab lus.
Meaning of this suffix
Tam sim no cia peb txheeb xyuas lub ntsiab lus ntawm "rau". Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov lus dab tsi? Ua ntej, cov khoom no ua raws li qhov taw qhia ntawm daim ntawv diminutive. Piv txwv li: "ceg", "pen", "book", "nas", "baby" thiab lwm yam. Cov lus no yog cov piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm yuav ua li cas cov lus xaus "k" tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov thib ob, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm "k", cov npe poj niam raug tsim, muab los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm lossis cov haujlwm uas muaj poj niam txiv neej. Piv txwv li: ncaws pob - ncaws pob; tub kawm - tub kawm; lodger - chaw pw; pensioner - nyiaj laus pensioner. Thib peb, cov khoom no ua cov lus qhia txog cov khoom nrog kev pab cuam uas tau ua tiav. Ib lo lus yooj yooj yim nrog cov lus "k" yog "grater", nrog rau "receipt", "tincture" thiab lwm yam. Plaub, nrog kev pab ntawm "k" cov lus raug tsim los qhia txog qee qhov kev ua. Piv txwv li, "breakage", "deal", "handicraft". Fifthly, qee zaum "rau" ua raws li lub ntsiab lus uas tso cai rau koj los qhia txog lub hom phiaj kev ntsuas ntawm ib qho khoom lossis kev ua. Sixthly, qhov tsis zoo "k" tshwm nyob rau hauv cov npe raws li txoj haujlwm (feminine), haiv neeg, chaw nyob. Piv txwv li, "Lavxias teb sab", "Ukrainian", "Egyptian" thiab lwm yam.
Cov lus nrog "k" cov lus xaus - piv txwv thiab cov cai siv "k" thiab "sk"
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus tom qab tsim cov lus tshiab los ntawm cov npe. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem siv tau kom tau txais ib daim ntawv luv luv ntawm cov lus qhia ("impudent - impudent", "sharp - sharp"). Nws tsim adjectives los ntawm nouns xaus nyob rau hauv K, Ch, Ts ("fist - kulak", "weaver - weaver"). Tam sim no cia peb tham txog cov khoom uas zoo ib yam li ib leeg, nco ntsoov lub ntsiab lus "k" thiab "sk". Lawv cov kev sau ntawv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Yog li, cov lus "sk" yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheeb ze adjectives. Relative adjectives tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib daim ntawv luv. Piv txwv li: "Fabkis - Fabkis", "Circassian - Circassian", "Tatar - Tatar", "Jew - Jewish". Nco ntsoov tias tsab ntawv kawg ntawm qia yog ib txwm khaws cia (saib thiab rov txheeb xyuas cov piv txwv).
Luv thiab txheeb ze adjectives - lawv tsim nrog cov lus "k"
Cov lus nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab yog sau rau hauv adjectives uas tsim ib daim ntawv luv luv, nrog rau tom qab tsab ntawv "c" ("weaving", "Turkish"). Ntawm no yog cov lus nrog cov lus "k"(piv txwv): "kaw - kaw", "low - low". Muaj qee lub sij hawm thaum lub qia ntawm ib lo lus xaus rau "n" lossis "p". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis txhob sau ib tug mos kos npe rau ua ntej lub "ck". Piv txwv li: "Siberia - Siberian", "Tyumen - Tyumen". Muaj kev zam rau txoj cai yooj yim no: cov npe txheeb ze, uas tau muab los ntawm cov npe ntawm lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo. Piv txwv li: "Kaum Ib Hlis", "Lub Kaum Ob Hlis", tab sis - "Lub Ib Hlis", thiab "hnub-rau-hnub", "Tien Shan", thiab lwm yam.
kev cai sau "k" thiab "sk" nrog piv txwv
Yog lub qia ntawm lo lus uas tus adjective tau tsim xaus nrog cov tsiaj ntawv "d", "m", "c", ces cov lus no ib txwm khaws cia ua ntej "sk" lossis "k". Piv txwv li: "lub nroog - nroog", "German - German". Yog hais tias lub qia xaus nrog "k", "h", ces nyob rau hauv adjectives, ua ntej tsab ntawv "k", "c" yog sau. Ib lo lus nrog cov lus "k", tsim raws li txoj cai no: "neeg nuv ntses - neeg nuv ntses" lossis, piv txwv li, "weaver - weaver". Thov nco ntsoov tias daim ntawv muag muag hauv cov lus "sk" yog sau tom qab "l" (ib qho piv txwv yog "Ural"), nrog rau cov npe uas tsim los ntawm cov npe ntawm lub hli. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus "k" ua cov lus nrog cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg lossis kev tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj ntxiv "rau" rau lub qia ntawm cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv lub dhau los tense, ces ib tug poj niam lub npe yog tsim, lub ntsiab lus ntawm uas yog "tus uas ua qhov kev txiav txim qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem." Lub npe no muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug lossis kev ua si ("saib - tus nais maum ", "ua noj - cooker", "xav - xav"). Peb tau txiav txim siab kom nthuav dav txaus siv cov lus "k" li cas, piv txwv qhia meejmuab txoj cai.
Verb suffixes
Tam sim no cia peb tham txog verb suffixes. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lawv muab faib ua derivational thiab formative. Cov qub form lo lus tshiab, tom kawg tsuas hloov lawv daim ntawv los yog tense. Cov ntsiab lus tsim muaj xws li “ova”, “eva”, “yva”, “iva”, “va”, “evyva”, “en (et),” “en (it)”, “thiab”, thiab kuj “e ib. Cov lus “l”, “sya” (“ss”), “t” (“ti”), nrog rau cov lej lej, suav nrog cov tsim tawm. Tam sim no cia peb nyob ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus sib cais thiab txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej twg lawv tau sau.
Word-building suffixes
Yog li, lo lus tsim "ova" thiab "eva". Cov suffixes no yog sau thiab siv thaum cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv indefinite, nyob rau hauv lub dhau los tense. Los yog nws sawv hauv daim ntawv ntawm thawj tus neeg, hauv cov lus, hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no lossis yav tom ntej. Cov lus qhia yuav tsum xaus rau hauv "uy" ("yuyu"). Piv txwv li: "Kuv xav - xav", "Kuv savor - savor", "qhia - qhuab qhia (Kuv qhia), "Kuv txib - txib". Kev zam: "scout - scouted", "sasting - tasting", "check out - checking out", "nrhiav - nrhiav tawm". Tsis txhob yuam kev cov lus ntawm cov lus qhia uas cov lus "wa" ua ke nrog cov lus ua ntej "e/i".
siv "yva" thiab "will"
Suffixes "yva" lossis "yva" yog sau thaum cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis paub meej thiab yav dhau los tense (los yog thawj tus neeg), cov lus, tam sim no lossis yav tom ntej tense. Cov lus qhia yuav tsum xausmus rau "Ivau" lossis "ivayu". Piv txwv li: "Kuv insist - kuv hais", "Kuv fake - kuv fake". Lwm lub ntsiab lus - "va" - ib txwm muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv cov lus qhia. Thov nco ntsoov tias nws tuaj yeem yooj yim tsis meej pem nrog yuav luag zoo sib xws "eva" lossis "will". Nrhiav ib qho piv txwv: "pob - qhwv", "dej - dej", "ntsej muag", "lig", "xeem". Kev zam yog cov lus hauv qab no: "tau daig", tab sis "tau daig", "defile", tab sis "defile". Lub ntsiab lus "yovyva" yog suav tias yog kev ntxhov siab. Ib txoj cai yooj yim heev - ib txwm sau tsab ntawv "Yo" tom qab cov neeg thuam! Cov piv txwv yooj yooj yim: "uproot", "shade".
Spelling of verbal suffixes "en", "l" and some others
Twb hu ua "en" ("to noj") lossis "en" ("nws") yog sau ua lus qhia uas tsim los ntawm cov npe. Lawv kuj muaj ntau heev thiab feem ntau tshwm sim hauv intransitive thiab transitive verbs. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv intransitive nws yog sau "en" ("et"), thiab nyob rau hauv transitional - "en" ("nws"). Nov yog cov piv txwv yooj yooj yim thiab nco tau yooj yim: " khov", "ntsuab", "xiav", "pob zeb". Cov lus "i" thiab "e" tseem muaj ntau heev, lawv siv nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus qhia. Piv txwv li: "kom lub cev qhuav dej - kom lub cev qhuav dej", "kom ntshav", "kom deforest". Yog li, yog tias cov lus qhia nws tus kheej yog qhov hloov pauv, ces "thiab" yog sau. Yog hais tias cov lus qhia yog intransitive, ces "e" yog sau. Tab sis muaj kev zam rau txhua txoj cai, ntawm no lawv yog: "tau daig", " dab noj hnub", "ntev".
me ntsis txog cov lus xaus
Tus neeg sawv cev zoo ntawm cov lus kawg no yog "l". Nws qhia meej meej txog lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm cov lus qhia. Tsis tas lisuav nrog hauv paus ntawm lo lus. Nco ntsoov tias nws yuav tsum tau ua ntej los ntawm tib lub suab raws li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis kawg. Saib: "tshem tawm - tshem tawm", "npog - npog", " teeb tsa - teeb tsa". Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis hais nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm lub ntsiab lus "sya" ("sya"). Firstly, nws yog hu ua recurrent thiab yog ib txwm suav nrog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus. Piv txwv li: "tshem tawm", "rov qab", "ua", "dawb". Thiab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov lus "t" ("ti") yeej tsis suav nrog hauv lub qia ntawm lo lus, nws tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv infinitive ntawm cov lus qhia. Xav txog cov piv txwv: "pw", "graze", "serve", "tshem tawm", " nkaum", "saib". Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog xav txog qhov xoom suffix, nws feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov lus ntuas yav dhau los ntawm qhov taw qhia mus ob peb vas ntawm tus txiv neej cov lus, nrog rau cov lus qhia hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus txiv neej cov lus, hauv cov lus qhia ntawm qhov tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas. Nov yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov lus no: "yuav tsum", "hnub", "nce".
Diminutive suffixes of the Russian language
Diminutive suffixes - vim li cas lawv thiaj xav tau? Thiab ntawm no yog cov lus teb: peb siv cov lus kawg no los sib txuas lus nrog me nyuam, tsiaj txhu, conditionally, ntawm chav kawm, thaum peb tab tom sim downplay ib yam dab tsi. Thaum tus me nyuam pib hais lus, nws kawm tau cov lus zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov ntsiab lus me me, uas nws feem ntau hnov los ntawm niam txiv lossis cov kws qhia ntawv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov lus hais: "yshk" ("ishk"), "ushk" ("yushk"). Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog siv cov lus xaus kom tsim nyog. Thiab tam sim no ntxiv txog lawv, cia peb pib nrog "ek". Piv txwv yuav yog cov lus: "txiv neej -txiv neej", "bag-bag". Feem ntau cov lus no sau tsis raug. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev, nws txaus kom paub tias "ek" yog sau yog tias lub suab nrov poob tawm thaum lo lus raug tsis lees paub. Lwm qhov zoo sib xws yog "ik". Koj tuaj yeem muab piv txwv nrog nws: "plam - plab", "hare - luav". Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus xov tooj ntawm xws li hais yog loj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom sau lawv nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm. Peb tsuas yog txiav txim siab qee qhov lus ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov npe, piv txwv ntawm lawv siv thiab daim ntawv thov. Peb vam tias qhov no yuav pab koj sau kom raug thiab tsis muaj qhov yuam kev.
