Los txog rau lub hwj chim hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nrog nws tog xyoo 1933, Adolf Hitler tau tso tseg cov kev txwv ntawm Treaty of Versailles, rov qab ua tub rog, sai sai tsim cov riam phom loj thiab xa tawm ntawm cov tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog tsim txom muaj zog tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws los tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov tsis txaus siab thiab kev tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm txog kev cais tawm ntawm lub tebchaws German, nws koom nrog cov haiv neeg Aryan siab tshaj plaws thiab xav tau los tswj hwm lwm haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg. lub siab nyiam ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Siegfried. Cov pej xeem German tau txais kev tshoov siab nrog lub tswv yim tias kev qaug dab peg thiab kev lag luam ntawm thaj chaw txawv teb chaws yuav muab qhov chaw nyob thiab cov peev txheej tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab kev txhim kho sai ntawm lub neej ntawm txhua tus German.
Tau tsim cov khoom siv thiab lub tswv yim rau kev ua phem rau kev ua phem, Hitler tau tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb tshiab, ntes yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws Europe, tshwj tsis yog nws lub tebchaws satellite, cov phoojywg thiab cov xeev nruab nrab (Sweden, Switzerland, Nazi-sympathizing Portugal, lub Vatican). Ib nrab ntawm cov teb chaws Europe ntawm USSR kuj tau nyob. Cov Germans maj nrawm mus rau Caucasus, Middle East thiab ntxiv mus rau Is Nrias teb.
Thiab tseem lub teb chaws ntawm kev tawm tsam Hitler pab pawg,Nrog rau kev txiav txim siab pab ntawm USSR, uas tau raug kev txom nyem loj tshaj plaws, lawv tau tswj kom tig tus dej ntws ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab yeej muaj kev yeej zoo, 70th hnub tseem ceeb uas nyuam qhuav ua kev zoo siab thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Kev ywj pheej ntawm cov teb chaws Europe tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov phooj ywg ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov pej xeem, qee zaum nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws no muaj kev tawm tsam los yog cov neeg tseem ceeb tswj hwm uas tau hloov kho lawv txoj hauj lwm tiav liberation ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kawg tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua tiav kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pawg neeg tiv thaiv Hitler. Ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm cov xwm txheej uas nrog rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe yog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no.
Tsov rog nyob rau sab hnub poob ua ntej qhib rau pem hauv ntej thib ob
Lub Kaum Hli hnub ntawm 1942, cov tub rog Askiv ntawm Marshal Montgomery hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm El Alamein tau kov yeej pab pawg Italo-German nce qib ntawm Cairo thiab Suez Canal. Nyob rau sab qaum teb Africa (Algeria thiab Morocco), cov tub rog ntawm Asmeskas General Eisenhower, yav tom ntej US Thawj Tswj Hwm, tau tsaws. Nias ntawm Italian thiab German units los ntawm ob sab, cov Allies tau tsav lawv mus rau Tunisia, qhov twg cov tub rog Axis nias rau hauv hiav txwv raug yuam kom capitulate. Qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim xyoo 1943, Tsib Hlis 13.
Qhov kev yeej no tau tso cai rau cov tub rog Anglo-American tuaj yeem tsaws hauv Sicily thaum Lub Xya Hli 1943. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov teeb meem tsis txwv rau Sicily, thiab cov tub rog ntawm lub anti-Hitler coalition txuas ntxiv lawv ntxeem tau ntawm ltalis, yuam lub Gulf of Messina thiab tsaws ncaj qha rau Apennine Peninsula. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm Italian fascism, tshem tawm thiab tshem tawm ntawm Blackshirt tus thawj coj Duce Mussolini los ntawm txhua tus tshaj tawm nrog.nws tom qab raug ntes. Tsoom fwv tshiab ntawm Ltalis tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, tab sis sab qaum teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws tau nyob rau hauv German txoj hauj lwm.
Kev npaj rau kev qhib lub hauv paus tshiab hauv kev tawm tsam lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov khoom txhawb nqa ntawm Great Britain thiab USSR mus rau qhov loj nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv Atlantic. German "hma pob" ntawm submarines, torpedo bombers thiab saum npoo raiders, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov nkoj loj, ua tsov rog phem los cuam tshuam rau Allied convoys nyob rau hauv Atlantic, daws qhov teeb meem ntawm lub hiav txwv deblockade ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees txoj kev. Tab sis kev siv zog ntawm huab cua thiab tub rog ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Askiv thaum xyoo 1943 ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hais txog qhov hloov pauv. Yog li, xyoo 1942, cov tub rog ntawm Allied nkoj thiab lawv lub dav hlau rhuav tshem ob puas submarines ntawm Admiral Doenitz. Cov neeg German tau xyaum nres kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tsheb thauj neeg thiab tua rau ib lub nkoj uas tau poob qab lossis tawm tsam lwm tus.
pib ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm USSR thiab nws cov phoojywg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj
Thaum xyoo 1944, kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua tau tso tseg, uas tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev ntawm peb cov neeg thiab tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kom muaj yeej. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj hnub ntawm lub penultimate xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, ib tug series ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam pib, uas coj mus rau lub tiav liberation ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub Germans nyob rau hauv lub xeev ciam teb. Thaum xub thawj tau ua nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm tub rog logic, cais kev ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej tau tom qab, thaum kev tshuaj xyuas, kev sib koom ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev sib tw ntawm xyoo 1944. Qhov tseeb, xyoo 1944 Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau koom ua ke rau hauv ib txheej txheem. MuabKev sib haum xeeb thiab ua tiav ntawm daim duab ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm xyoo ntawd nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los nthuav tawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub rooj:
| pp | Kev ua haujlwm | sijhawm | Kev sib koom ua ke | Result tiav |
| 1st | YLeningrad-Novgorodskaya | 14.01 - 1.03 |
Pab: YLeningradsky, YVolkhovsky, B altic, Fleet: B altic |
Kev swb ntawm pab tub rog "North", ua tiav deblockade ntawm Leningrad, kev ywj pheej ntawm Leningrad cheeb tsam |
| 2nd | Dnieper-Carpathian | 24.12.1943 - 17.04.1944 |
Pab: 1st, 2nd, 3rd thiab 4th Ukrainian |
Liberation of Right-bank Ukraine |
| 3rd |
Odesskaya Crimean |
1944 |
3rd Ukrainian Front 4th Ukrainian Front Black Sea Fleet |
Kev dim ntawm Odessa thiab Crimea, cov tub rog fascist pov rau hauv hiav txwv |
| 4th | Vyborg-Petrozavodsk | 1944 (lub caij ntuj sov) |
Pab: YLeningradsky, Karelian |
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Karelia |
| 5th |
Kev ua haujlwm "Bagration" (Belarusian) |
23.06 - 28.07 |
Pab: 1st,2nd and 3rd Belarusian, 1st B altic |
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Belarus, feem ntau ntawm Poland nrog kev nkag mus rau Vistula thiab feem ntau ntawm Lithuania, nkag mus rau ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees |
| 6th | Lviv-Sandomierz cheeb tsam | 13.07 - 2.08 |
Pab: 1st thiab 4 Ukrainian |
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Western Ukraine, hla ntawm Vistula, tsim ntawm Sandomierz tus choj taub hau |
| 7th |
Iasi-Chisinau Romanian |
Aug ---------- 30.08 - 3.10 |
Pab: 2nd thiab 3 Ukrainian 2nd Ukrainian |
Liberation of Moldova, Tshem tawm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm Romania, Tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog los ntawm Romania rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Hungary, qhib txoj hauv kev rau Hungary, tshem tawm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog ntawm Bulgaria, uas tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, txhim kho tej yam kev mob rau kev pab cov Yugoslav partisans |
| 8th | B altic | 14.09 - 24.11 |
Pab: 1st, 2nd thiab 3rd B altic Fleet: B altic |
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia Finland thim tawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau lub teb chaws Yelemees |
| 9th |
East Carpathian Belgrade |
8.09 - 28.10 28.09 - 20.10 |
Pab: 1st thiab 4thUkrainian Soviet, Yugoslav, Slovak units thiab formations |
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Yugoslavia thiab pab rau Slovak uprising tawm tsam qhov chaw ntawm Wehrmacht |
| 10th | Petsamo-Kirkenes | 7.10 - Kaum Hli 29.10 |
Pab: Karelian |
Northern Finland thiab Norway tso tawm ntawm cov tub rog German |
Kev ua tub rog hauv Tebchaws Europe (Center thiab South-East)
Kev tawm mus rau ciam teb ntawm USSR thiab kev tawm tsam ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm lwm lub tebchaws yog qhov laj thawj rau cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau sau tseg qhov xav tau rau qhov kawg ntawm kev swb ntawm German fascist tub rog thiab kev lees paub tias USSR tsis npaj los hloov cov qauv kev nom kev tswv ntawm cov xeev no thiab ua txhaum lawv thaj chaw thaj chaw.
Txawm li cas los xij, Soviet Union tau qhib kev txhawb nqa cov tub rog siab ncaj rau nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov communist thiab lawv cov phooj ywg ze tshaj plaws. Hauv kev nom kev tswv, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm USSR tau thawb tsoomfwv ntawm Great Britain thiab Tebchaws Meskas kom paub txog lawv txoj kev nyiam nyob rau thaj tsam loj ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Kev loj hlob ntawm txoj cai ntawm Soviet Union thiab Stalin, lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tub rog liab nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam tau yuam Churchill thiab Roosevelt kom paub txog lub Balkans (tsis suav Greece) raws li ib tug Soviet sphere ntawm lub hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland, lub USSR tau ua tiav cov creation ntawm tsoom fwv loyal rau Moscow, as opposed to the emigre Polish tsoom fwv nyob rau London.
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau tshwm sim hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov tub roglos ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Cov tub rog Polish, cov tub rog Yugoslav coj los ntawm Joseph Broz Tito, Czechoslovak corps ntawm Ludwig Svoboda, cov Slovak rebels tau koom tes nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Eastern Europe.
Hauv xyoo 1944, thaum Lub Yim Hli 23, kev tawm tsam vaj tsev nyob hauv vaj ntxwv Romania tawm tsam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsim kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam nrog lub hauv paus kev nom kev tswv dav dav - los ntawm communist mus rau monarchists. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xwm txheej no, Romania kuj tau los tawm tsam fascist, tshaj tawm ua tsov rog rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Hungary.
Lub Yim Hli 31, cov tub rog ntawm Tub Rog Liab tau nkag mus hauv Bucharest, thiab Romanian units tau koom nrog. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau muab khoom plig rau Romanian huab tais Mihai nrog lub Soviet Order of Victory, txawm hais tias Romania koom nyob rau hauv lub fascist aggression tawm tsam USSR. Tshwj xeeb, cov tub rog Romanian nyob Odessa thiab tawm tsam ingloriously ze Stalingrad.
Bulgaria, ua ib tus phooj ywg ntawm Reich, tsis kam xa cov tub rog mus rau sab hnub tuaj, Tsar Boris (neeg German los ntawm haiv neeg) teb Hitler tias cov Bulgarians yuav tsis tawm tsam cov neeg Lavxias, uas tau tso lawv tawm ntawm Ottoman. tus quab. Bulgaria tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm ua tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub USSR, nws tau ntsib ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub nce qib Red Army nkag mus rau hauv nws thaj chaw nrog unfurled banners thiab solemn music. Tom qab lub Cuaj Hlis 9 kev tawm tsam, tsoomfwv tsoomfwv tau los tswj hwm lub tebchaws, tshaj tawm ua rog rau lub tebchaws Yelemes.
Raws li tau hais, Finland kuj tau thim tawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Hnub tim 19 lub 9 hli xyoo 1944, nws tsoom fwv tau kos npe rau ib qho kev sib tw nrog USSR ntawm cov lus muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Slovak teb chawsarmed uprising
Nplooj ntawv no yog tus phab ej tshaj plaws hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg Slovak tuav qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe.
Slovakia ua ntej tsov rog thiab ntev tom qab tsov rog yog ib feem ntawm Czechoslovakia. Hitler, tau nyob hauv Czech koom pheej, tau tso cai ywj pheej rau Slovakia, qhov tseeb, tig mus rau hauv nws lub satellite. Cov Slovak units tau raug xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj, tab sis vim lawv tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab (lub zej zog Slavic nrog cov Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians evoked ib tug kev xav ntawm kev khuv leej rau tag nrho cov Soviet neeg ntawm lub Slovaks), cov Germans siv lawv ntau zaus nyob rau hauv lub rear. tiv thaiv kev sib txuas lus thiab tawm tsam cov koom haum. Tab sis qhov no tau coj mus rau ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm Slovaks mus rau qib ntawm cov koom haum Soviet. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Slovakia, cov neeg koom nrog kev txav mus los kuj tsim thiab nthuav dav.
Thaum kawg ntawm qhov kub, qhov tseeb thiab qhov piv txwv, lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, lub Yim Hli nto moo Slovak tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tawm tsam. Cov tub rog uas yog ib feem ntawm 1st Ukrainian Front tau nce siab los pab cov neeg tawm tsam. Ntawm lawv yog 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps. Qhov kev tsim no tau txib los ntawm General Ludwig Svoboda, uas tau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Czechoslovakia xyoo 1968. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 6, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv roob Carpathian (Dukla Pass), cov neeg ywj pheej nkag mus rau thaj chaw sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Slovakia. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntshav thiab tawv ncauj uas tau kav mus txog rau thaum lub Kaum Hlis kawg tsis tau ua rau lub hom phiaj tam sim ntawd - cov tub rog Soviet ua tsis tau raws li Carpathians thiab koom ua ke nrog cov neeg ntxeev siab. Ib feem loj ntawm cov pej xeem pej xeem thiab cov neeg koom siab tau mus rau lub roob, txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam thiab koom nrog kev ywj pheej maj mam.ntawm lawv lub teb chaws los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog liab ua ntej. Ntawm ib sab ntawm Soviet Union, lawv tau pab tib neeg thiab riam phom thiab mos txwv. Kev hloov pauv tau ua los ntawm dav hlau.
Sib ntaus hauv Hungary, Austria thiab thawj theem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau East Prussia
Lub logic thiab kev sib tw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua rau qhov tseeb tias Hungary tseem yog Hitler tus phooj ywg tseem ceeb hauv thaj av no thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944, txawm hais tias nws tsis tau ua tiav los ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Tus kav Horthy raug ntes los ntawm Germans, thiab cov Hungarians tau tawm tsam kom txog thaum kawg. Lub zog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Budapest tsis tso cai rau cov tub rog Soviet coj nws thawj zaug. Kev vam meej tsuas yog ua tiav thib peb, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 13, 1945, Hungarian peev poob. Nyob rau tib lub Ob Hlis, kev swb ntawm Budapest pab pawg ntawm cov tub rog German tau xaus.
Lub Plaub Hlis, Kev Sib Tw ntawm Balaton tau tshwm sim, thaum Nazi cov tub rog tau tawm tsam tawm tsam cov Tub Rog Liab, tab sis cov Soviet tsim thiab cov koom haum tswj hwm kom nres thiab kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab. Tom qab ntawd, lub Plaub Hlis, cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam Vienna, lub nroog ntawm Austria, thiab ntes Koenigsberg hauv East Prussia.
East Prussia nws tus kheej yog ib qho kev sib sib zog nqus echeloned tiv thaiv cheeb tsam nrog lub zog tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej ua vaj tse. Lub koom haum ua ntej ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov phiaj xwm rau txhua lub nroog tau muab rau qhov muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib hais haum. Ntau lub forts, trenches, pillboxes, bunkers, thiab mine-wire barriers tau ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog ua ntej. Cov tsev nyob hauv nroog kuj tau hloov mus ua kev tiv thaiv kab mobnrog multilayer hluav taws system.
Thiab tseem, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog uas yog ib feem ntawm ob Belarusian pem hauv ntej (2nd thiab 3rd) tau nthuav tawm nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Ib Hlis ntawm lub xyoo tshiab, 1945. Rau peb lub hlis, cov tub rog Soviet tau sib tsoo cov pab pawg ntawm Wehrmacht thiab SS units. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov tub rog ntawm Red Army, los ntawm tus kheej mus rau general, raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Ib tug ntawm lawv nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 18 yog kev tuag los ntawm ib feem ntawm ib tug yeeb ncuab plhaub ntawm General ntawm Army I. D. Chernyakhovsky, tus thawj coj ntawm lub 3rd Belorussian Front.
Tab sis yuav tsum yog li nws yuav, yuav, ua siab loj thiab ua yeeb yam, txhawb nqa los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm tua phom loj loj (5 txhiab artillery pieces tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau East Prussia, suav nrog howitzers ntawm 203-mm thiab 305-mm caliber los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm RGC) thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm aviation, coj mus rau kev tso siab rau lub peev ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, lub nroog fortress ntawm Koenigsberg. Kev ua phem rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees tau ua txij lub Plaub Hlis 7 txog Plaub Hlis 9, 1945. Kaum tawm txhiab tus tub rog German tuag, kwv yees li 100 txhiab raug ntes.
Warsaw Uprising
Cia peb tig mus rau nplooj ntawv txaus siab thiab txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv epic ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe, uas tseem ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ntau tus nom tswv thiab pej xeem cov neeg, keeb kwm thiab cov neeg tshaj tawm ntawm ntau yam kab txaij thiab calibers. Yog li, peb yuav tham txog kev tawm tsam ntawm 1944 nyob rau hauv lub nroog Polish nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tsoom fwv London nyob rau hauv exile.
Lub sijhawm xyoo ntawm Nazi txoj haujlwm, Poland poob 6 lab ntawm nws cov pej xeem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm 35 lab. Txoj kev ua haujlwm hnyav hnyav, qhov no ua rauqhov tshwm sim thiab ua kom muaj zog ntawm Polish tiv thaiv rog. Tab sis lawv txawv. Yog li, pawg tub rog Craiova ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws yog subordinate rau London Polish tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv exile. Tom qab cov tub rog Soviet nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Tebchaws Poland, tsoomfwv tau tsim muaj kev ywj pheej - Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev ywj pheej. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua, cov tub rog tsim ntawm Pawg Neeg Tub Rog tau tawm tsam. Txoj hauv kev ntawm Red Army nrog cov tub rog ntawm Cov Neeg Tub Rog mus rau Warsaw tau ua txhua yam kom coj pawg neeg no mus rau lub zog thoob plaws hauv Polish thaj chaw. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, tsoomfwv raug ntiab tawm hauv London thiab cov tub rog hauv Tsev tau txiav txim siab tso tawm Warsaw ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab, yam tsis tau ceev faj thiab ua kom ntev, tau tsa kev tawm tsam muaj tub rog nyob ntawd. Nws tshwm sim rau lub Yim Hli 1st. Nws tau tuaj koom los ntawm ntau tus neeg nyob hauv lub nroog Poland. Tab sis kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet rau txim rau qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis zoo, hu nws txoj kev taug txuj kev nyuaj. Raws li qee cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, USSR tsis kam txhawb cov neeg ntxeev siab nrog riam phom thiab mos txwv, raws li lwm tus, Tub Rog Liab tsis muaj peev xwm muab kev txhawb nqa uas xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob qhov tseeb - thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 13, Soviet units tau mus txog ntawm ntug dej ntawm Vistula ze Warsaw, thiab kev tuag ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam tau tshwm sim ua ntej lawv ob lub qhov muag. Lwm qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hnub kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam, kev pab rau Varsovians los ntawm sab ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, ntawm tus kheej kev txiav txim ntawm Stalin, txawm li cas los xij, txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias lub sijhawm ntawd nws tsis tau txiav txim siab dab tsi.
Tau ploj 18,000 cov tub rog thiab 200,000 cov neeg pej xeem ntawm Warsaw raug tua, cov thawj coj ntawm kev tawm tsam tau poob rau lub Kaum Hlis 2, 1944. GermanicCov tub rog thaum kev rau txim pib rhuav tshem lub nroog, ntau tus neeg nyob hauv raug yuam kom khiav.
Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm Poland
Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1945, USSR tau muaj kev sib tw zoo tshaj plaws rau cov yeeb ncuab, ua rau nws ob npaug ntawm cov tub rog, peb zaug ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tus kheej, plaub zaug ntawm cov phom loj. daim (phom thiab mortars), yim lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb aircraft. Cais, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov tub rog, kev tsim thiab chav ntawm cov phoojywg, nrog rau tag nrho ib nrab ntawm ib lab tus tib neeg, ua haujlwm ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj. Nrog rau cov huab cua zoo tshaj plaws, cov tub rog Soviet muaj peev xwm xaiv cov kev taw qhia thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm lawv tus kheej, siv kev ua haujlwm tawm tsam ib txhij ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv thiab lawv cov haujlwm. Nws muaj peev xwm tso cai rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab nyob qhov twg thiab thaum twg nws yooj yim thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Qhov kev tawm tsam dav dav tau teem rau Lub Ib Hlis 20th. Tag nrho cov tub rog nquag thiab ob lub nkoj tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Tab sis, raws li tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm no, ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Tuaj, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944, Nazi cov tub rog hauv Ardennes dheev tawm tsam Anglo-American units thiab thawb lawv rov qab 100 km. Cov neeg Asmeskas poob txog 40 txhiab tus neeg. Churchill tus kheej tig mus rau Stalin nrog kev thov kev pab, qhov kev thov no tau txais cov lus teb zoo. Kev tawm tsam ntawm Soviet fronts, txawm tias tsis tiav kev npaj, pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 12, 1945 thiab yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tsov rog tag nrho. Nws kav 23 hnub. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 3, cov tub rog ntawm Red Army nce mus txog ntawm ntug dej ntawm Oder - qab nwsnteg German av, los ntawm qhov twg Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau poob rau ntiaj teb. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17, Soviet units tau nkag mus rau hauv Warsaw.
Kev ua haujlwm Vistula-Oder, ua los ntawm Soviet cov lus txib, ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ywj pheej Poland thiab cawm cov tub rog ntawm Western cov phoojywg los ntawm kev swb hauv Ardennes, tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Berlin thiab qhov kawg ntawm tsov rog nyob teb chaws Europe.
Liberation of Czechoslovakia
Kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua rau lub tebchaws no, uas tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Tebchaws Europe, tau nthuav tawm txij li nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis 1945. Bratislava, lub peev ntawm Slovakia, tau tso tawm ua ntej, lub Plaub Hlis 4. Thiab nyob rau lub 30th, lub chaw loj industrial ntawm Moravska Ostrava raug coj los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog.
Lub Tsib Hlis 5, cov neeg nyob hauv Prague tau sawv hauv qhov kev tawm tsam ua tub rog tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam. Cov Nazis sim ua kom qhov kev tawm tsam no poob rau hauv cov ntshav, lawv tsis tau nres txawm tias qhov kev tawm tsam tau kos npe los ntawm German lus txib ntawm 1945-08-05.
Cov pej xeem ntxeev siab ntawm Prague tau tshaj xov tooj cua rau cov phooj ywg thov kev pab. Cov lus txib ntawm Soviet tau teb rau qhov kev hu no los ntawm kev xa ob lub tank tub rog ntawm 3rd Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej mus rau Prague. Tom qab ua tiav peb-pua-kilometer taug kev, cov tub rog no peb hnub tom qab, lub Tsib Hlis 9, nkag mus hauv Prague. Lwm cov tub rog ntawm 1st, 2nd thiab 4th Ukrainian pem hauv ntej kuj tau koom nrog qhov kev tawm tsam no, vim tias Czechoslovakia tau dim ntawm txoj haujlwm fascist. Kev ywj pheej ntawm cov neeg nyob sab Europe los ntawm fascism tau ua tiav.
Second Front
Lub Xya Hli 6, tom qab kev npaj loj heev nyob rau sab hnub poob, Allied Expeditionary Force invaded - ib tug grandiosetsaws haujlwm "Overlord". Cov tub rog Anglo-American nrog cov tub rog ntawm Free France, Polish, Czechoslovak units nrog tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm 2 lab 876 txhiab tus neeg, nrog kev txhawb nqa loj heev los ntawm cov nkoj thiab dav hlau, tsaws rau sab qaum teb ntawm Fabkis, hauv Normandy. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tos ntev thib ob tau qhib thaum kawg. Nyob rau hauv lub rear ntawm Germans, partisan detachments thiab underground tiv thaiv rog ntawm cov nyob sab Europe lub teb chaws ua hauj lwm. Kev pov rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tau npaj. Roosevelt ntseeg tias cov neeg Asmeskas yuav tsum coj Berlin.
Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam ntawm cov koomhaum pabcuam tau muaj kev tawm tsam hauv Fabkis, Belgium thiab Denmark. Cov Fabkis thiab Belgians tau tso lawv cov peev, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg tawg rog ntawm cov phoojywg, lawv tau ua tiav kev ywj pheej ntawm lawv lub tebchaws. Cov Danes tsis tshua muaj hmoo - lawv tsis tau txais kev pab, thiab lawv cov kev tawm tsam raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov neeg invaders.
Kev txiav txim siab nom tswv thiab tswv yim ntawm cov phoojywg
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem thiab qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab qhov tob ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet xyoo 1944 thiab thaum ntxov 1945, qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev tsis tuaj yeem ntawm qhov kawg swb ntawm cov tub rog German tau pom tseeb.. Lub sijhawm tau los rau cov phoojywg pom zoo rau txhua yam ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab tawm tsam lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab sib tham txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv ntiaj teb tom qab. Lub koob meej loj hlob ntawm USSR thiab kev lees paub los ntawm txhua tus phooj ywg ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim siab pab rau kev swb ntawm tus neeg ua phem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm lees txais cov lus pom zoo ntawm Soviet Union los tuav lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm peb lub tebchaws tseem ceeb koom nrog. Anti-Hitler coalition hauv Y alta.
Lub sijhawm txij Lub Ob Hlis 4 txog Lub Ob Hlis 11, I. V. Stalin, F. D. Roosevelt thiab W. Churchill tau ntsib hauv Y alta Conference, uas tau los ua qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm kev koom tes ntawm lub hwj chim tawm tsam Hitler. Cov thawj coj ntawm sab hnub poob tau paub txog lub peev xwm ntawm USSR ib leeg los ua kom tiav cov haujlwm yeej los tawm tsam Europe. Tej zaum qhov xwm txheej no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li kev pom zoo ntawm txhua qhov teeb meem.
Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam thiab thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm raug daws. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv - lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees - tau raug daws nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab tias lub teb chaws no yuav nyob twj ywm indivisible, kev ywj pheej, demilitarized, tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg lub neej yav tom ntej.
Lub hwj chim kuj tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm qhov teeb meem Polish. Txoj kev ntawm kev ywj pheej ywj pheej tau qhib rau Poland nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ciam teb.
Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim UN kom ua tiav kev nkag siab, kev pom zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev ua phem ntawm cov tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb tom qab tsov rog.
Thiab, thaum kawg, rau kev ua tsov rog sai sai thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev ua tub rog hauv Far East, cov ntsiab lus rau kev nkag mus rau USSR rau hauv Allied tsov rog tawm tsam Nyij Pooj tau pom zoo.
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Berlin thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev tsov rog
Lub Plaub Hlis 16 yog qhov pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm Berlin. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ob lub lis piam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntshav nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Berlin (Zeelow Heights) thiab hauv nroog nws tus kheej, qhov twg txhua txoj kev thiab txhua lub tsev peev tau hloov mus rau hauv lub fortress, Red Army tau tswj hwm lub qhov tsua ntawm fascism - Reichstag thiab nqa tus chij liab hla nws.
Thiab thaum kawg, hmo 8 txogThaum Lub Tsib Hlis 9, hauv Karlhorst, ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog Yelemes, txhua tog tau kos npe rau ib qho kev txiav txim siab tsis muaj cai ntawm txhua tus tub rog German.
Tab sis txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe los ntawm fascism tsis xaus rau ntawd. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9, tau coj Berlin, cov neeg tawm tsam los ntawm cov koom haum thiab tsim ntawm 1st Ukrainian Front, pab cov insurgent Prague, nce mus nrawm nrawm mus rau lub nroog Czechoslovak thiab kov yeej pawg fascist. Nws yog noteworthy tias nyob rau hauv ib tug fruitless sim los cawm lawv unenviable txoj hmoo, cov units ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua. cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab Vlasov, lossis ROA, tau hla mus rau sab ntawm cov neeg Prague.
Thiab ib qho ntxiv. Kev koom ua ke nyob rau xyoo uas muaj kev phom sij, cov neeg thiab cov xeev nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog maj mam pib txav deb ntawm ib leeg. Ntau qhov kev sim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tsov rog tsis nres mus txog rau tam sim no. Txawm hnub yeej yeej ua kev zoo siab rau hnub sib txawv. Feem ntau lub teb chaws xav txog lub Tsib Hlis 8 yog hnub so, thiab nyob rau hauv USSR, tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia, nco ntsoov cov ntshav siab Prague kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 1945, lawv ua kev zoo siab Hnub Yeej rau lub Tsib Hlis 9. Hmoov tsis zoo, muaj txoj hauv kev tsis ncaj ncees los nthuav qhia rau cov tiam tshiab zaj dab neeg ntawm yuav ua li cas cov teb chaws Europe tau dim ntawm fascism.
Zoo kawg
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe los ntawm fascism tau dhau los ua tsaug rau kev siv zog super ntawm Soviet Union thiab nws cov phoojywg, kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv thaj chaw uas Nazis tuav. Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob tseem tsis tau xaus, kev swb ntawm Nyij Pooj tau ua ntej, tab sis lub ntsiab yeej twb yeej lawm. Lub tshuab ua tsov rog German muaj zog tshaj plaws tau tawg thiab swb.
Tab siskev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov teb chaws hauv kev tawm tsam fascism tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog. Raws li yav tom ntej thiab tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no, Tebchaws Europe tau muab faib ua ob lub chaw pw hav zoov, sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj, cov peev txheej thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Lub teb chaws Yelemees nws tus kheej tau muab faib ntev npaum li cas. Lub ntiaj teb txoj kev coj noj coj ua tau tsim, tam sim no hloov kho zoo heev, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus.
Txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe, Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau ntshav heev. Tib neeg poob ntawm Tebchaws Europe hauv kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb kawg yog kwv yees li ntawm 40 lab tus tib neeg, ntawm 2 lab yog pej xeem ntawm Western Europe thiab 7 lab yog pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qhov seem 30 lab tus tib neeg yog kev poob ntawm cov neeg ntawm Eastern Europe thiab USSR.
Thiab qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb yog kev ywj pheej ntawm cov neeg los ntawm cov fascist shackles. Tam sim no, tib neeg tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus mob plague xim av los ntawm kev rov qab los thiab nco txog cov kev paub ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, qee zaum kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv thiab lub xeev cov rog nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua phem thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev vam meej. Kev ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe, 1945 yuav yog lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tub rog, kev nom kev tswv, keeb kwm thiab kev coj ncaj ncees. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm qhov kev paub dhau los niaj hnub no yog ntau dua li puas tau!
