Lub siab ceev turbojet fighter-interceptor Messerschmitt ME-262 Schwalbe ("Messerschmitt ME-262 Swallow") tau tshwm sim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv xyoo 1944 nkaus xwb. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua hais raws nraim li cas hom ntawm lub tshuab no yog npaj rau. Kev sim nrog lub dav hlau txuas ntxiv txawm tias nyob hauv tshav rog. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug fighter (nrog rau hmo ntuj), bomber thiab reconnaissance aircraft. Lub tsheb yog ib leeg thiab ob, kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev cob qhia. Nws tau nruab qhov tshiab qhov muag tsis pom kev tsaws, cov cuab yeej siv radar sim, kuaj pom, phom ntawm ntau yam calibers, thiab ntau yam khoom siv sim. Kev lag luam German tau tsim txog 25 qhov kev hloov kho ntawm lub dav hlau no.
"Messerschmitt-262" yog lub ntiaj teb thawj lub dav hlau tsim tawm ntau lub tshuab, uas tau coj ncaj qha rau hauv kev ua phem. Cov Germans hu nws "Swallow" (Schwalbe), Americans thiab British - "Petrel" (Petrel). Txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, 1433 lub tsheb tau tsim los ntawm German kev lag luam. Yog li, Messerschmitt ME-262 tuaj yeem txiav txim siablub dav hlau loj tshaj plaws ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II.
keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub dav hlau
Tej zaum, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov qauv dav hlau tau ntsib teeb meem ntau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm nws tsim raws li Messerschmitt-262. Keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm lub tshuab no, nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab coj mus rau loj ntau lawm yog complex tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm bureaucratic qeeb thiab nyiaj txiag tsis txaus, tab sis kuj los ntawm ntau yam technologies teeb meem.
Lub dav hlau no tau ua nws thawj lub davhlau ib hlis ua ntej kev tawm tsam ntawm German pab tub rog ntawm USSR, raws li A. Speer, Minister of Armaments of Germany. Hauv thawj tus qauv ME-262, piston xyaw kuj tau siv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj zog txaus. Xyoo tom ntej, nws tau txiav txim siab siv lub tshuab dav hlau Jumo-004, uas tau tsim thiab pib tsim los ntawm Junkers.
Muaj ntau qhov tseeb hauv keeb kwm thaum yav tom ntej kev tsim kho tshiab tsis suav nrog tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov riam phom yav dhau los. "Messerschmitt-262" tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawd. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm lub tshuab tshiab tshaj cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau tau pom tseeb, tab sis kev mob thaum yau ntawm German kev lag luam tau dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam tsis tau rau nws cov khoom loj.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas tau haunted txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub dav hlau thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm suav nrog: ua ntej, qhov tsis ntseeg ntawm Jumo turbojet xyaw uas tau nruab nrog Messerschmitt-262. Lawv tau ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg hauv qhov chaw tsis tshua muaj neeg thiab xav tau kev kho kom ntev thiab meej. Thib ob, lub log-mounted chassis log tshebkuj tsis txawv ntawm qhov zoo. Lawv feem ntau tawg thaum tsaws, txawm hais tias qhov ceev ntawm lub dav hlau tsaws tsuas yog 190 km / h. Ua ke nrog cov teeb meem nyuaj tub rog-kev nom kev tswv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab indecision ntawm lub siab dua cov lus txib nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm tshiab aircraft, cov xwm txheej no coj mus rau lub fact tias lub Messerschmitt ME-262 (duab saum toj no) tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub battlefield nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub sij hawm. Xyoo 1944, nrog rau ncua sijhawm rau lub hlis. Nws ua tsis tiav los ua riam phom txuj ci tseem ceeb uas Adolf Hitler vam tias yuav pab lub teb chaws Yelemees rov qab los tswj hwm ntawm European airspace. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau zoo heev.
Thaum txhua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau raug tshem tawm, nws tau pom tseeb rau cov neeg tsim qauv German tias txhua yam kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab tshiab tawm mus deb ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm Allied aircraft. Lub dav hlau Messerschmitt-262 tsim los ntawm lawv tuaj yeem raug suav tias yog ib qho txuj ci zoo ntawm kev lag luam dav hlau hauv tsev.
Kev piav qhia
Tus qauv tshiab ntawm Messerschmitt-262 lub dav hlau, uas nws tsim tsis tau zoo li lub dav hlau tshuab niaj hnub no, tau nruab nrog ob lub cav turbojet thiab cov tis rau pem hauv ntej swept. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm kev txav yog yuav luag 850 km / h. Nws tau qhov siab ntawm 9,000 meters hauv 7 feeb. Qhov siab tshaj plaws davhlau qhov siab yog 11,000 meters. Ntawm cov riam phom, plaub 30-mm MK-108 cannons yuav tsum raug sau tseg, txhua lub plhaub uas tuaj yeem nqa tau lub foob pob hnyav. Lawv tau npaj ua khub hauv txhua lub tis, ib qho saum toj ib leeg. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho txog li 12 lub foob pob hluav taws.
Allied cov lus teb rauCov tsos ntawm "Messerschmitt-262"
Cov phoojywg, uas tau nyob ruaj khov nyob rau sab Europe skies, xav tsis thoob los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ME-262. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov kev xav tsis thoob no tsis txaus siab rau cov neeg tawg rog Asmeskas, uas tau siv los ua kev tawm tsam nruab hnub tsis muaj txim rau lub nroog German thiab kev teeb tsa tub rog. Nws zoo nkaus li tias me ntsis ntxiv thiab tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig hauv huab cua yuav ploj mus.
Tab sis Adolf Hitler poob nthav tuaj rau kev pab ntawm Anglo-Asmeskas. Qhov tseeb yog tias thaum xub thawj cov neeg German tau siv lub dav hlau Messerschmitt-262 los ua ib qho kev cuam tshuam kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lub Fuhrer insistently thov kom lub dav hlau no siv raws li ib tug high-ceev bomber, muaj peev xwm, tsis tau them sai sai mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm fighters, mus cuam tshuam cov tsos ntawm cov phooj ywg nyob rau hauv lub European theem ntawm hostilities.
German pilots txog lub tshuab tiam tshiab
Xyoo 1943, nws tshwm sim rau tus thawj coj ntawm Luftwaffe fighter aircraft, General Adolf Galland, sim tawm lub tsheb tshiab. Nws qhia nws cov kev xav hauv ib lo lus luv luv: "Lub tsheb no ya zoo li cov tubtxib saum ntuj nqa nws." Raws li lwm tus kws tsav dav hlau, Jörg Scypionski, Messerschmitt-262 (uas muaj cov duab muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb los tswj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua txhua yam raws li cov lus qhia, ces lub tsheb yuav coj tus cwj pwm ntsiag to thiab yuav tsis yog capricious. Vim qhov txawv txav ceev, qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua yog kom muaj sijhawm los ntes cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau pom. Hauv qhov no, tus tsav tau los ua tus huab tais ntawm qhov xwm txheej.
Lub dav hlau dav hlau muaj zog heevib lub volley tau txaus rau txhua yam kom dhau mus. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj kev paub dhau los ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau tsis yooj yim heev los tiv nrog lub tshuab tsis zoo no. Yuav tsum muaj kev cob qhia uas tsis tseem ceeb, uas yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntau.
Fighter unit "Jagdferband 744 (J744)"
Ib qho ntawm cov neeg sib tw sib tw ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Hitler thiab Goering siv Messerschmitt-262 fighter raws li ib tug bomber yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub Luftwaffe fighter aircraft, ib tug qub tub rog ntawm Tsov rog ntawm England, Adolf Galland. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1945, thaum lub rooj sib tham los ntawm tag nrho cov thawj coj ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees aviation, nws tau tshaj tawm kev tsis ntseeg txog Goering lub peev xwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub teb chaws huab cua fleet. Yog li ntawd, tus thawj coj tsis ncaj ncees raug tshem tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tso tseg.
Txhawm rau ua pov thawj nws rooj plaub, Galland tau muab tsim tshwj xeeb tsim raws li nws cov lus txib, muab nws nrog Messerschmitt ME-262 aircraft. Ntawm lwm tus, Gerhard Barhorn (thaum lub sijhawm nws muaj 301 aerial yeej), Heinz Baer (220 yeej), W alter Krupinski (197 yeej), Johannes Steinhoff (176 yeej), Günther Lützow (108 yeej) thiab lwm yam. "Fighter unit" Jagdferband 744 (J744) ".
Cov ntawv luv luv "Jagdverband 744 (J744)"
Nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1945, lub tsev hauv paus ntawm kev tsim tshiab yog nyob rau ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Munich-Riem, los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws pib cuam tshuam armadas ntawm Allied bombers uas ua rau nruab hnub los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qabme ntsis ntau tshaj li ib hlis tom qab qhov tshiab-minted cov neeg tseem ceeb huab cua chav tsev, twb muaj 45 downed aircraft ntawm cov phooj ywg aviation. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis kav ntev. Lub Tsib Hlis 3, 1945 nws tau swb los ntawm cov phoojywg hauv Salzburg.
Adolf Galland nws tus kheej kuj tseem tsis kam lees lub kauj ntawm lub dav hlau. Nws tau koom nrog ntau txoj haujlwm los cuam tshuam Allied bomber raids. Lub Plaub Hlis 25, thaum ib tug ntawm lawv, nws raug tua los ntawm Asmeskas koom pheej R-47 npog fighter. Tus kws tsav dav hlau raug mob ntawm ob lub hauv caug thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsaws nws tus neeg sib tw rau ntawm qhov chaw pitted nrog craters.
Zoo German pilots
Thawj yeej tom qab lub log ntawm lub dav hlau "Messerschmitt-262" tau yeej los ntawm Adolf Schreiber. Qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim rau lub Rau Hli 26, 1944. Ntxiv rau cov kws tsav dav hlau saum toj no, Messerschmitt-262 tau pab Franz Schall ua nto moo - ntawm ME-262 nws yeej 14 yeej (137 tag nrho), Herman Buchner - 12 (58), Georg Peter Eder - 12 (78), Erich Rudorfer - 12 (222), Karl Schnorrer - 11 (46), Johannes Steinhoff - 6 (176), W alter Novotny (248 yeej tag nrho) thiab lwm tus.
German pilots suav hais tias yog Messerschmitt-262 yog li invulnerable uas lawv ua siab loj nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab ntau zaus ntau dua. Yog li, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 19, 1945, 28 tus neeg tsav dav hlau German, nyob ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm Meserschmitt-262, tsis ntshai los koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog huab cua loj ntawm Asmeskas, suav nrog 1300 tus foob pob thiab 750 tus neeg tua rog. Txawm hais tias lawv cov lej tsawg, lawv tau tswj kom tawg tag nrho cov armada, tiv thaiv kev tawm tsamib tug ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.
How the Allies fought ME-262
Nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam ncaj qha nrog Messerschmitt-262, txhua lub dav hlau Allied tau poob rau kev swb. Poob rau nws nyob rau hauv ceev, maneuver thiab lub hwj chim ntawm riam phom, ib tug yuav tsis txawm npau suav ntawm yeej. Thiab tseem tau pom Achilles lub pob taws. Tsis yog ib leeg xwb. Qhov tseeb yog tias Messerschmitt-262 dav hlau fighter tau dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj zog heev thaum lub sij hawm tawm mus thiab tsaws. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tau txiav txim siab thawj koom ruam hauv kev tawm tsam nrog nws.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov tub rog tau raug xa mus rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub tshav dav hlau uas German Lastochkas tau ua raws. Tom qab ntawd, lawv cov airstrip tau raug kev foob pob tawg. Nws tau tov nrog lub ntiaj teb yuav luag txhua hnub. Qhov no txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum Messerschmitts-262, raws li lub tshav dav hlau, raug thauj mus rau lwm qhov chaw.
Tseem muaj ob peb qhov tseeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm "Messers" ntawm kev tawm mus. Yog li ntawd, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 7, 1944, Lieutenant Urban Drew, ya los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thaj chaw, pom ob lub dav hlau dav hlau pib los ntawm tshav dav hlau. Siv qhov kom zoo dua ntawm qhov siab thiab ceev, tus tsav ua siab loj tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam thiab tua ob leeg, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev khaws ceev.
Ob peb ME-262s kuj raug rhuav tshem hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua huab cua. Yog li, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 8, 1944, ib qho ntawm Luftwaffe aces W alter Novotny, uas tau tua 258 tus yeeb ncuab lub dav hlau ua ntej, raug tua los ntawm ib qho ntawm Mustang R-51 fighters npog nws thaum muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm American bomber tsim.
yam ntxwv ntawm "Messerschmitt-262"
Lub dav hlau ntev 10.6 m, siab 3.8 m, nrog tisspan ntawm12.5 m, tis cheeb tsam - 21.8 m. Qhov hnyav hnyav yog 3800 kg, ib txwm nqa tawm hnyav - 6400 kg, qhov siab tshaj plaws nqa tawm hnyav - 7140 kg. Lub tswv yim lifting qab nthab yog 11 km. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 855 km / h. Nws tau ua tub rog nrog 4 phom MK-108. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho 12 R4M tsis pom kev foob pob hluav taws.
Tus yeej ntawm lub dav hlau "Messerschmitt-262": cov phooj ywg
Tsis muaj ntau tus yeej ntawm dav hlau Messerschmitts ntawm cov phoojywg. Feem ntau, cov German "nqus" raug rhuav tshem ntawm lub tshav dav hlau, tsis muab sijhawm rau lawv sawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub downed Messerschmitt-262s tau txais txiaj ntsig rau Captain J. Bendrault (386th FS), Lieutenant Muller (353rd FG), Major Z. Connor (78th FG), pilot-officeer Bob Cole (3rd Squadron RAF), Lieutenant Lamb (78th. FG), Lieutenant Wilson (401st Canadian Air Squadron), thiab lwm yam.
Tus yeej ntawm lub dav hlau "Messerschmitt-262": Eastern Front
Ntxiv rau Western European ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm, Messerschmitts-262 kuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Muaj tseeb, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov no tsis tshua muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov npe ntawm cov yeej ntawm Messerschmitt-262 suav nrog cov npe ntawm Soviet aces. Ivan Kozhedub, Lev Sivko, Ivan Kuznetsov, Yakov Okolepov thiab Alexander Dolgunov tau sau npe tua dav hlau "Messers" ntawm lawv tus account. Piv txwv li, ob lub npe ntxiv yuav tsum suav nrog hauv daim ntawv teev npe no: Garry Merkviladze, tus tsav ntawm 152nd Guards Aviation Regiment thiab Vladimir Yegorovich los ntawm 402nd Fighter Aviation Regiment.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm lawv cov yeej tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Zoo kawg
Rau tag nrho lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, kev lag luam German tau tsim thiab xa mus rau pem hauv ntej 1433 Messerschmitt-262 dav hlau, suav nrog nws ntau yam kev hloov kho. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua lub tsheb tau koom nrog hauv kev ua phem. Qhov tsis muaj roj, tsis muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog thiab qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub tshav dav hlau tsim nyog rau basing (lub tsheb xav tau ib qho kev nthuav dav) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txoj hmoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb thawj lub dav hlau dav hlau, Messerschmitt ME-262. Thiab tseem nws tau tso ib qho cim pom hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb aviation. Tom qab tag nrho, nws qhov tsos tau cim qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm dav hlau aviation.
