Kev paub qhov txawv ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg tshiab keeb kwm lossis tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev qhuab qhia hauv zej zog. Dab tsi yog nws qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb, qhov txawv ntawm evolution? Cov kws tshaj lij txheeb xyuas cov cim ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov chav kawm los ua kev sib koom ua ke uas yuav muaj zog txaus los tawm tsam tsoomfwv tam sim no.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog kev hloov pauv?
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov hloov pauv sai thiab tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim sai thiab hloov lub hauv paus ntawm cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, uas tsim nyog ua tib zoo saib rau txhua tus neeg sau keeb kwm tshiab. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau hom kev hloov pauv. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ntuj, nyiaj txiag, kev nom kev tswv, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sib raug zoo. Yog tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim hauv ib qho chaw pej xeem lossis thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab, ces txhua yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim.
Cov cim tseem ceeb
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog qhov hloov pauv loj hauv lub xeev uas twb muaj lawm, kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tswv cuab hauv zej zog rau tsoomfwv tam sim no. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no yuav txawv. Feem ntauKev hloov pauv sai sai tshwm sim hauv ib lossis ob lub hlis, lub sijhawm siab tshaj plaws yog ib lossis ob xyoos.
Cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab, yog tias txhua yam tshwm sim tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev tawm tsam. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev txav no tuaj yeem los ntawm ob qho tib si "los ntawm hauv qab" (yog tias lub zog siv zog rau kev hloov pauv), thiab "los ntawm saum toj" (yog tias lawv tswj tuav lub hwj chim).
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab qhov ua rau lub kiv puag ncig. Qhov no feem ntau yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm lub xeev los tswj hwm zej zog. Ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm kev lag luam, qhov tseem ceeb yog kev poob qis hauv lub xeev kev lag luam, ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hnyav. Cov laj thawj ntawm kev sib raug zoo nyob hauv kev faib nyiaj tsis ncaj ncees ntawm cov chav kawm sib raug zoo.
Neolithic Revolution
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog lub tswv yim zoo li Neolithic kiv puag ncig. Nov yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab tias tib neeg lub neej tau txhim kho li cas.
Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, Neolithic Revolution yog kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg lub neej los ntawm kev lag luam qub tshaj plaws, uas suav nrog kev yos hav zoov thiab kev sib sau ua ke, mus rau cov qauv kev sib raug zoo. Qhov no yog kev ua liaj ua teb, uas yog raws li kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab thaum koj nug: "Pab pawg cov cim qhia ntawm Neolithic kiv puag ncig."
Cov kws tshawb fawb-archaeologists tau tsim kev ntseeg siab tias thawj cov tsiaj hauv tsev tau tshwm sim txog 10 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Thiab, xav tsis thoob, nws tshwm sim hauv ib qhothiab tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 6-8 cheeb tsam, ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm ib leeg. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv suav nrog cov tebchaws ntawm Middle East.
Thawj zaug lub tswv yim no tau siv los ntawm British archaeologist Gordon Child, uas nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab ua raws li cov tswv yim ntawm Marxism.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub txog Neolithic kiv puag ncig?
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm Neolithic kiv puag ncig yog raws li hauv qab no: qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab radically. Ua ntej, nws yog pob zeb.
Lub cim tom ntej yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev faib ua haujlwm. Hauv tib neeg lub neej, qee yam khoom siv tes ua tau pib tawm, uas tsuas yog cov tib neeg koom nrog.
Thib peb - qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, nrog rau kev ua neej nyob. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nyob ruaj khov.
Kev tswj hwm dhau los ua ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab yog li ntawd, kev sib cais hauv zej zog pib. Kev lag luam tus kheej yog yug los, cov khoom ntiag tug tshwm. Tag nrho cov no yog cov cim qhia ntawm Neolithic kiv puag ncig.
Kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv
Cov cim ntawm kev hloov kho thiab kev hloov pauv yog qhov zoo sib xws hauv ntau yam, tab sis tseem lawv txawv heev hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv tag nrho hauv feem ntau, yog tias tsis yog tag nrho, yam ntawm kev ua neej nyob. Thiab cov kev hloov kho muaj nyob rau hauv kev hloov maj mam thiab kev hloov pauv hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm pej xeem lub neej. Tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv kev sib raug zoo, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv uas twb muaj lawm yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Lub hwj chim tseem nyob hauv txhais tes ntawm cov pawg tswj hwm tam sim no.
Yog li ntawd, kev hloov kho hauv qhov no yog ze duaCov txheej txheem evolutionary, thaum tsis muaj radical tawg ntawm cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm.
Lwm qhov txawv yog qhov kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tau ua "los saum toj". Thaum lub kiv puag ncig feem ntau pib "los ntawm hauv qab", los ntawm kev sib raug zoo uas tsis ncaj qha rau lub hwj chim.
Tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet, tau ntev, feem ntau ntawm kev hloov kho tau pom tias yog kev hem thawj rau lub zog uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov no tau tshwm sim txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej thaum kev hloov kho lawv tus kheej tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam loj, tab sis tau pib los ntawm pej xeem cov qauv ze rau tsoomfwv tam sim no. Raws li kev xav ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm, txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tseem yog qhov muaj peev xwm hem thawj rau kev khaws cia lub zog hauv lub tebchaws.
