Txij thaum ub, cov qauv thiab cov tsev tau tsim tsa uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub nroog, lub fortress ntawm yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Kev tshawb fawb, hom qauv no hu ua fortification. Los ntawm cov zaj lus qhia ntawm keeb kwm, peb nco ntsoov tias thaum ub cov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb tau tsim tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw uas nyuaj mus cuag tau, piv txwv li, saum toj los yog ntawm cov dej ntws. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau nrov los tsim cov khoom tsim teeb meem nyob ib puag ncig cov fortresses thiab kev nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm ramparts, ditches, phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov pob zeb nyoos.
Wartime requirements
Raws li cov tub rog tau tsim, cov tub rog kos duab tau ua kom muaj zog thiab nquag tsim. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov tub rog fortifications tau paub, thaum tag nrho cov fortifications tau txhim tsa. Ua tsaug rau cov tuam tsev xws li engineering, riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tau ua haujlwm zoo dua, nws tau yooj yim los tswj cov tub rog, thiab kev tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam tau ua kom ntseeg tau ntau dua. Lub fortifications niaj hnub tuaj yeem yog hom hauv qab no:
- trenches, trenches uas yog tsim rau tua;
- kev soj ntsuam thiab cov lus txib yuav tsum tau ua txhawm rau saib xyuas peb tus kheej thiab yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm thiab tswj hwmtub rog;
- crevices, shelters, dugout, shelters yog tsim los tiv thaiv ob tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv tub rog;
- nqe lus, cov ntawv tshaj tawm yog qhov chaw uas tsim hauv av lossis hauv qee yam qauv txhawm rau txhawm rau zais cov lus.
Ib lub fortification yog li ib txoj hauv kev txhim khu kev qha los tiv thaiv koj cov tub rog, tib neeg thiab cov cuab yeej los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm yeeb ncuab. Thiab ua ntej lawv cov naj npawb tau ntxiv los ntawm ntau yam kev dag ntxias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ditches, scarps, counterscarps, gouges, uas tau suav hais tias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm castles, fortresses thiab forts. Tab sis thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, cov tuam tsev tsim khoom tsim tau pib suav tias yog kev ywj pheej fortified txoj haujlwm hu ua non-explosive barriers. Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lub tswv yim ntawm "qhov yooj yim fortifications", txij li lawv tau tsim yooj yim thiab sai txaus.
Qhib lossis kaw tsim?
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus qauv tsim, cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem qhib thiab kaw. Piv txwv li, cov kab nrib pleb, trenches, trenches yog qhib, lawv peculiarity yog tias cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tau nruab rau hauv qhov chaw sib cais, thaum nkag mus rau lawv tseem tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem nkaum ntawm cov mos txwv, lub plhaub tawg thiab cov mines. Lub fortification kaw tau raug tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig, thiab muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua los ntawm ob qho tib si riam phom thiab cov nplai loj dua, xws li riam phom nuclear.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm, cov qauv kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev thiab ua haujlwm. Thawj cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm nyob kaj siab lug thiab ntev: cov khoom siv ruaj khov yog siv los tsim lawv, cov dej thiab hluav taws xob tau nqa tawm ntawm no, vim qee zaum cov tub rog nyob hauv qhov chaw ntev ntev. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, thaj chaw tiv thaiv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tes (pob zeb, txhuam ntoo, ntoo).
Hnub no, ntau thiab ntau cov qauv tau tshwm sim, rau kev tsim cov pob zeb, corrugated steel, thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws siv, uas muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv mus, cov qauv no tuaj yeem thauj tau yooj yim nrog rau cov tub rog.
