Lub Hague Convention ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 5, 1961 ua kom yooj yim rau cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb. Tom qab kev pom zoo ntawm cov ntawv cog lus tau mus txog ntawm nws, cov teb chaws uas koom nrog lub rooj sib tham tau cog lus tias yuav lees paub cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lwm lub xeev uas tau kos npe rau nws, yam tsis muaj cov txheej txheem ntxiv thiab ntev. Qhov no ua rau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb thiab txuag nyiaj txiag. Cia wb mus saib seb qhov kev pom zoo no muaj li cas thiab nrhiav seb leej twg lub teb chaws koom nrog hauv 1961 Hague Convention yog.
Yog vim li cas thiaj hu lub rooj sib txoos
Tab sis ua ntej, cia peb txhais qhov tseeb ua rau lub zej zog thoob ntiaj teb xav txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom yooj yim cov ntaub ntawv ntws ntawm cov xeev.
Ua ntej 1961, cov ntaub ntawv ntws ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tsis yooj yim. Txhawm rau kom nws raug lees paub hauv lwm lub xeev, nws yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm ntau theem txheej txheem ntawm kev lees paub kev cai lij choj. Nyob ntawm lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau lub hlis. Nws kuj tau tshwm sim tias lub sijhawm no cov ntaub ntawv twb ploj lawm qhov tseeb.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau npe, txhais ua hom lus xav tau. ThiabTus neeg txhais lus kos npe kuj yuav tsum tau sau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Ministry of Justice thiab Consular Department ntawm Ministry of Foreign Affairs ntawm lub teb chaws uas xa cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev lees paub ntawm lub tebchaws uas nws tau xa mus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntau tas li ua rau qeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab cov chaw lis haujlwm hauv lwm qhov haujlwm, xav tau kev faib cov neeg ua haujlwm ntxiv, uas ua rau cov nqi khoom siv.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom zoo
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv cog lus kos npe los ntawm cov tswv cuab lub teb chaws ntawm 1961 Hague Convention? Wb sib tham txog qhov teeb meem no.
Cov ntawv cog lus tau hais tias txhua lub tebchaws uas koom nrog lawv lees paub cov ntaub ntawv raug tshaj tawm hauv thaj chaw ntawm lwm lub xeev koom nrog kev pom zoo raws li siv tau yam tsis muaj kev cai lij choj tshwj xeeb.
Qhov kev txwv nkaus xwb yog cov ntaub ntawv no, txhawm rau paub meej qhov tseeb ntawm kev kos npe thiab txoj cai ntawm tus neeg kos npe, yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm apostille.
Apostille yog dab tsi?
Hague Convention txhais li cas los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim no? Apostille yog lub cim square tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv tsim.
Lub thwj no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, tsis hais lub tebchaws sau thiab lub tebchaws twg yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau saum nws yuav tsum muaj lub npe ntawmFabkis "Apostille (Lub Hague Convention ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 5, 1961)". Ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau ntawm apostille, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem hais tau:
- lub teb chaws uas tshaj tawm cov apostille;
- npe tus neeg kos npe rau daim ntawv;
- nws txoj haujlwm;
- npe ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv uas cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm;
- kev txiav txim qhov twg daim ntawv pov thawj tau tuav;
- ID hnub;
- npe ntawm tsoomfwv lub koomhaum uas lees paub cov ntaub ntawv;
- Apostille serial tooj;
- foob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv uas lees paub cov ntaub ntawv;
- kos npe ntawm tus nom uas tau ua daim ntawv pov thawj.
Ntxiv rau, Hague Convention tau tsim tias tus qauv loj ntawm Apostille yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 9 x 9 cm. Hauv kev xyaum, Apostille tsis ib txwm muaj cov duab plaub, raws li tau hais dhau los hauv cov ntawv cog lus. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Russia nws feem ntau muaj cov duab ntawm ib daim duab plaub. Feem ntau, cov neeg txais kev pab tsis pom qhov ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv ntawm apostille, tab sis tau muaj ua ntej thaum nws tsis kam txais cov ntaub ntawv no.
Lub nuances ntawm kev siv apostille
Cov lus ntawm apostille tuaj yeem yog ib hom lus ntawm lub rooj sib tham (Fabkis lossis Askiv), lossis hom lus ntawm lub tebchaws uas tau tshaj tawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej, ob hom lus yog siv, uas yog, ob hom lus ntawm lub tebchaws uas tau tshaj tawm apostille thiab ib hom lus ntawm lub rooj sib tham.
Apostille tuaj yeem raug txuas ncaj qha rau ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab ntawm ib daim ntawv cais nrog nws.
Tam sim no, ntau lub xeev tseem tab tom txhim kho qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob Apostilles. Qhov teeb meem no tau dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob. Tshwj xeeb, cov tebchaws no suav nrog Asmeskas, Australia, Andorra, Ukraine, New Zealand thiab lwm lub xeev.
tus apostille nyob qhov twg?
Cia saib seb cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb twg cov tebchaws-cov neeg koom nrog Hague Convention of 1961 affix apostille.
Daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv no suav nrog cov ntawv xov xwm los ntawm tsoomfwv cov koomhaum lossis lwm lub koomhaum uas raug txiav txim rau lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb, daim ntawv sau npe, cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm, nrog rau ntau yam ntawv sau tseg thiab vixaj lees paub hnub tim. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev kos npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tau lees paub los ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv tau lees paub nrog apostille.
Kev zam rau Hague Convention
Tam sim no, muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntws ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tsis xav tau ib qho apostille, raws li xav tau los ntawm Hague Convention.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov ntaub ntawv ntws hauv daim ntawv yooj yim dua yog ua tiav yog tias muaj kev pom zoo ob tog ntawm cov teb chaws ntawm kev lees txais cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis muaj kev cai ntxiv. Hauv qhov no, txawm hais tias ob lub tebchaws yog ob tog ntawm Hague Convention, apostille tsis tas yuav tsum tau lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws txaus los thovnotarized txhais cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, Austria thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, nrog rau ntau lub teb chaws, muaj kev pom zoo zoo sib xws ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tab sis cov no yog cov kev pom zoo ntawm ob sab ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab tsis yog ib qho kev sib tham sib cais rau ntau lub xeev.
Koj kuj tsis tas yuav muab ib qho apostille yog tias lub koom haum txawv teb chaws uas koj xa cov ntaub ntawv tsis xav tau ntawv pov thawj tshwj xeeb.
Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj ntawv pov thawj apostille ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj ncaj qha los ntawm cov chaw lis haujlwm hauv kev lis kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai.
Qhov kawg kev zam yog cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog kev lis kev cai lossis cov khoom lag luam. Tab sis thaum sib cais kev lag luam los ntawm kev ua lag luam tsis yog lag luam, teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim, vim tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, ntau cov ntaub ntawv hauv tuam txhab nyiaj uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua kev lag luam kev lag luam txawm li cas los xij tau lees paub los ntawm apostille.
Sau npe rau lub rooj sib tham
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub rooj sib tham tau sib tham ntawm Lub Rooj Sab Laj ntawm Kev Cai Lij Choj Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv Hague hauv 1961.
Lub rooj sib tham no tau muaj nyob hauv Dutch lub nroog txij li xyoo 1893. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov xeev uas koom nrog nws yog kev sib koom ua ke kev cai lij choj thoob ntiaj teb ntiag tug (PIL), kom tshem nws ntawm kev tsim cai tsis tsim nyog thiab daim kab xev liab. Los ntawm 1955, Lub Rooj Sab Laj tau dhau los ua ib lub koom haum ua haujlwm nrog cov tswv cuab.
Nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo, thaum lub rooj sib tham PIL, cov rooj sib tham tau kos npe rau cov txheej txheem pej xeem, kev nkag mus rau kev ncaj ncees, ntawm txoj cai lij choj hauv kev lag luam muag khoom thiabntau lwm tus. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub rooj sib tham no hauv xyoo 1961, tau kos npe rau Convention on the Legalization of Foreign Documents.
Lub teb chaws Cov Koom Haum rau Lub Rooj Sib Tham
Kev koom tes hauv kev txhim kho Cov Lus Cog Tseg tau coj los ntawm txhua lub xeev uas xyoo 1961 yog cov tswv cuab ntawm PIL Conference. Cia peb kawm seb leej twg yog cov teb chaws koom nrog hauv 1961 Hague Convention. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau peb txheeb xyuas cov pob txha ntawm cov xeev uas feem ntau koom nrog kev tshem tawm cov kev txwv ntawm kev ua raws cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov tebchaws no suav nrog: Sweden, Spain, Great Britain, Greece, Norway, Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Qaib ntxhw, Finland, Lub teb chaws Yelemees. Luxembourg, Switzerland, Ltalis, Nyiv, Egypt thiab Portugal. Argentina, Brazil, Is Nrias teb, USSR, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Tuam Tshoj thiab ntau lub xeev loj hauv ntiaj teb tsis yog cov tswv cuab ntawm PIL Conference, thiab yog li ntawd tsis koom nrog kev tsim cov ntawv cog lus.
thawj lub tebchaws los koom nrog Lub Rooj Sib Tham
Tam sim no, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev txhim kho kev pom zoo ntawm kev siv apostille tseem tsis tau txhais hais tias qhov kev nkag mus rau hauv kev siv tsis siv neeg ntawm cov kev cai no nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm cov teb chaws koom. Tsis yog, lawv txhua tus yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntxiv txog kev nkag mus thiab pom zoo rau nws, raws li txoj cai hauv tebchaws. Tib lub sijhawm, cov teb chaws uas tsis koom nrog nws txoj kev loj hlob kuj tuaj yeem koom nrog Convention.
Thawj lub xeev ntawm nws thaj chaw uas lub Convention tau pib siv yog Great Britain, Fabkis, Netherlands thiab Hong Kong. Qhov no tshwm sim tsuas yog plaub xyoos tom qab kos npekev cog lus, xyoo 1965. Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Botswana, Barbados thiab Lesotho tau koom nrog xyoo tom ntej. Ib xyoos tom qab - Malawi, thiab xyoo 1968 - Austria, M alta, Mauritius thiab Swaziland.
Ntxiv ntxiv
Nyob rau hauv ob xyoos tom ntej no, cov teb chaws hauv qab no tau koom nrog kev cog lus: Tonga, Nyiv, Fiji, Liechtenstein, Hungary, Belgium, Switzerland, Portugal, Argentina, Macau, Cyprus, Bahamas, Suriname, Ltalis, Israel, Spain, Dominican koom pheej, Seychelles, Luxembourg, Saint Vincent thiab Grenadines, Vanuatu, USA. Kev nkag mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov tebchaws no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm saum toj no, Antigua thiab Barbuda, Norway, Greece, Qaib ntxhw, Finland, Brunei tau koom nrog Convention.
Nyob rau xyoo 1991, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tebchaws tuaj koom nrog Slovenia, Panama, Macedonia, USSR thiab Croatia. Nyob rau hauv 1992, Russia tau koom nrog kev cog lus raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR. Fab Kis tshwj xeeb txais tos qhov kev tshwm sim no. Txij no mus, koj tuaj yeem siv cov apostille hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tib lub xyoo, Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, Serbia, Belarus, thiab Marshall Islands tau los ua ob tog rau qhov kev pom zoo. Xyoo 1993, tsuas yog ib lub tebchaws, Belize, koom nrog kev cog lus. Tab sis xyoo tom ntej, Lub Rooj Sib Tham tau pom zoo los ntawm ob lub tebchaws ib zaug - Saint Kitts thiab Nevis, thiab tom qab ntawd Armenia. Cov teb chaws tam sim no tau txais txoj cai siv Apostille dawb nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub xeev kev cog lus, suav nrog Russia thiab Tebchaws Meskas. Australia thiab Mexico tau los ua tswv cuab ntawm Convention xyoo tom ntej. Undoubtedly, kev nkag ntawm cov teb chaws loj no tau ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm lub zej zog no. Xyoo 1995, thiabSouth Africa thiab San Marino koom nrog kev cog lus.
Tshaj li 15 xyoo dhau los, Lub Rooj Sib Tham kuj tau pom zoo los ntawm Latvia, Liberia, El Salvador, Andorra, Lithuania, Niue, Ireland, Czech koom pheej, Venezuela, Sweden, Samoa, Trinidad thiab Tobago, Colombia, Kazakhstan, Namibia, Romania, Bulgaria. Estonia, New Zealand, Slovakia, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Monaco, Ukraine, Albania, Iceland, Honduras, Azerbaijan, Ecuador, Cook Islands, India, Poland, Montenegro, Denmark, Moldova, Georgia, Sao Tome thiab Principe, Dominican koom pheej, Mongolia, Cape Verde, Peru, Kyrgyzstan, Costa Rica, Oman, Uzbekistan, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Bahrain, Paraguay, Burundi. Kosovo, Brazil, Morocco thiab Chile yog qhov tsis ntev los no los koom nrog xyoo 2016.
Kev paub qhov teeb meem
Tab sis tseem, tsis yog txhua lub teb chaws koom nrog hauv 1961 Hague Convention lees paub cov neeg ntseeg ntawm lwm tus tswv cuab. Cov laj thawj rau qhov no tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si technical lossis kev cai, thiab kev nom kev tswv. Piv txwv li, ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb tsis lees paub Kosovo ua lub xeev. Vim li no, apostille ntawm lub teb chaws no tsis lees paub los ntawm Ukraine, Serbia, Belarus, Russia. Fab Kis, ntawm qhov tod tes, lees paub Apostilles los ntawm txhua lub Xeev.
Rau qhov laj thawj, cov apostille ntawm Ukraine tsis tau lees paub los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws txog 2012.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Hague Convention
Nws nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Hague Convention. Tom qab nws kev saws me nyuam, cov ntaub ntawv ntws ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tau yooj yim dua. Txhua xyoo ntau thiab ntau lub xeev koom nrog Convention: Republic of South Africa, Venezuela, Kosovo, Chile…
Tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab, cov teb chaws uas tau lees paub nws tsis tas yuav dhau mus ntev thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv raug cai. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias cov kob me me xws li Marshall Islands, Antigua thiab Barbuda thiab Cape Verde tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus.
