Lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm ntawm txhua lub koom haum. Nws nyob ntawm qhov no seb lub tuam txhab puas yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig, seb nws cov khoom puas tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog. Ua ntej teeb tsa lub chaw tsim khoom tshiab lossis tsim cov khoom lag luam tshiab, txhua txoj haujlwm tau ua tib zoo npaj. Cov hom kev tsim khoom thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv yuav tau tham hauv qab no.
Txoj kev koom tes ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
Xav txog cov hom kev tsim khoom thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog ua ntej kom nkag siab tias vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb rau txhua lub lag luam kom nrhiav tau txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom tiav kom raug. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov kev xaiv ntxiv ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom, nrog rau nws txoj kev tswj hwm thiab kev npaj, nyob ntawm qhov no. Hom kev tsim khoom yog nyob ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub voj voog ntau lawm. Nws tuaj yeem ua tsis tu ncua lossis ncua sij hawm.
Raws li txoj kev xaivkev tsim cov khoom lag luam txiav txim siab txog kev siv cov tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Raws li qhov no, ib daim ntawv teev cov chav tsim nyog, nrog rau lawv cov khoom siv, tau muab tso ua ke. Hom kev tsim khoom yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub peculiarities ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev ua haujlwm thaum lub sij hawm kev siv tshuab, nrog rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev npaj ntawm lub koom haum cov dej num.
Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom tso cai rau koj ua qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm kev cob qhia thiab kev faib cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tuam txhab, suav thiab txhim kho qib kev thauj khoom ntawm txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Txhua hom kev lag luam muaj nws tus yam ntxwv hauv lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Muab rau lawv, koj tuaj yeem xaiv txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txhim kho txhua tus txheej txheem.
Hom kev tsim khoom yuav tsum nkag siab raws li pawg uas sib txawv ntawm qhov dav ntawm qhov ntau, ruaj khov thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm ntau lawm. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txuas sab hauv ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus uas koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem. Txhua pawg ntawm kev tsim khoom qhia txog qhov zaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm hom kev tsim khoom
Hom lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis. Distinguishing loj, ib leeg thiab loj ntau lawm. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm tib lub lag luam, txhua yam ntawm cov npe teev yog siv. Qhov no yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau synchronize tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam tshuab tsim, lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab hom kev koom tes ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yuav tsis zoo ib yam. Nyob ntawmLub Hoobkas nrog ib tug loj mus kom ze rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom ua ob qho tib si nruab nrab thiab me me kev khiav hauj lwm. Yog tias cov nroj tsuag tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ib leeg, qee qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem txhim kho raws li hom serial. Qhov no yog qhov ib txwm ua thiab kev coj ua.
Hom lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam. Ib qho kev txiav txim siab yog qhov kev lag luam uas lub koom haum ua haujlwm. Los ntawm hom kev thev naus laus zis zoo li cas ntawm kev lag luam, daim ntawv ntawm kev ntws ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom tiav nyob ntawm, cov ciam teb ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis tau raug qhia. Nws kuj tseem tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab seb cov neeg ua haujlwm twg yuav tsum muaj kev cob qhia qib twg hauv txhua theem ntawm lub voj voog tsim khoom.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm ntau hom tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab txog kev xaiv ib lossis lwm qib ntawm kev tsim qauv thiab kev sib koom ua ke hauv kev tsim khoom. Yog hais tias ib tug loj mus kom ze yog siv rau kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom, kev sib koom ua ke thiab standardization yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Yog tias qhov ntau lawm yog ib qho, thawj qhov chaw tuaj yeem tsim tau. Lawv qib hauv tag nrho cov khoom tiav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100% rau qee lub lag luam.
Nyob ntawm hom kev tsim khoom xaiv, cov khoom siv sib xyaw kuj raug xaiv. Nws qhov kev siv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntau ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho khoom siv feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawmhom kev tsim khoom. Kev npaj, zaum kawg thiab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yuav siv qhov sib txawv ntawm tag nrho cov sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom kev tsim khoom, koj tuaj yeem delve rau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov cai rau kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm. Ib pawg xws li yog kev tsim tawm ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug me me, txwv tus naj npawb ntawm luam. Hom kev tsim khoom no tseem hu ua cov khoom tsim tawm.
Txoj hauv kev no rau lub koom haum ntawm lub voj voog thev naus laus zis tso cai rau lub tuam txhab tsim cov npe loj ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Lawv qhov ntau yog loj heev. Txhua yam khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug txwv kom muaj nuj nqis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov npe ntawm cov khoom tiav tsis ruaj khov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom siv standardization nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm xws li cov khoom. Qhov sib faib ntawm cov khoom qub nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov khoom loj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov khoom tiav tuaj yeem txawv qhov tseem ceeb (xws li cov tsos, kev ua haujlwm, tsim, thiab lwm yam).
Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ib hom kev tsim khoom yog qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm lub voj voog thev naus laus zis. Yuav kom tsim tau ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov cuab yeej siv tau universal. Kev sib dhos siv ntau ntawm kev siv tes ua haujlwm. Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse thoob ntiaj teb.
One-off ntau lawm yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hlau thiab hlau,lub zog complex, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab kev pabcuam. Qhov no feem ntau yog cov txheej txheem muaj tswv yim.
Feem ntau, cov khw ntawm cov kev lag luam no tau muab faib ua ntu raws li hom txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb (kev siv zog ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, qib siab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog), cov khoom siv yog siv. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev nce nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav. Nyob rau hauv nws, ib feem tseem ceeb belongs rau remuneration ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qee qhov xwm txheej, tus nqi no yog kwv yees li 25% ntawm tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom.
Serial production
Xav txog hom kev tsim khoom thiab lawv cov txuj ci thiab kev lag luam, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau ntau lawm. Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov zis persistence yog pom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv batch los yog series. Muaj ib qho kev tso tawm tsis tu ncua.
Qhov ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam txhua xyoo yog dav dua li ib hlis. Txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau koj los npaj cov khoom lag luam ncaj ncees. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv kev sib koom ua ke thaum lub voj voog thev naus laus zis. Cov ntsiab lus yog standardized los yog normalized. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub constructive series nyob rau hauv loj batch. Qhov no pab txo cov nqi tsim khoom.
Hom kev tsim khoom no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuab, hauv ferrous metallurgy. ATNyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug heev tshwj xeeb mus kom ze rau lub koom haum ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yog siv. Txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee yam haujlwm. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo. Hauv qhov no, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov zoo, raws li tus tswv tuaj yeem ua tiav nws cov kev txawj ntse, txhim kho cov txheej txheem uas nws siv thaum ua nws txoj haujlwm.
Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam ntawm hom kev tsim khoom, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom, nws muaj peev xwm kos lub sijhawm rov ua dua. Qhov no ua rau cov txheej txheem tswj cov txheej txheem yooj yim heev.
Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam
Serial ntau lawm tuaj yeem ua me me, nruab nrab thiab loj. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm hom 1 ntawm kev tsim khoom yog qhov kev nyiam rau ib txoj hauv kev tsim cov khoom tiav. Kev tsim khoom me me yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho mus rau ib hom serial. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom yog ua nyob rau hauv batch, tab sis lawv yog heev me me.
Hom kev tsim khoom lag luam no yog nrov, piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim kho tshuab. Tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua fashionable los tsim complex, tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej hauv cov khoom me me. Xws li kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb tso cai rau koj muag cov khoom tiav lawm kim dua. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawb siab rau qee yam ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom kom ua tus nqi yuav khoom.
Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua kom nws tuaj yeem nqa cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom hauv-kab rau hauv cov khoom me me. Nyob rau tib kabPiv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem ua ntau hom khoom sib txawv. Qhov no tso cai rau koj txo qis kev siv sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm ntawm chav tsev.
Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam, nws tseem tsim nyog ua tib zoo saib rau qhov loj-loj mus rau kev tsim khoom. Nws kuj yog ib daim ntawv hloov pauv. Pawg no yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm series thiab ntau lawm.
Cov khoom loj loj suav nrog kev tso tawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim tau ntev heev. Lub koom haum ntawm kev tsim khoom no yog qhov zoo rau cov lag luam uas tsim cov khoom lag luam lossis cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Standardization thiab kev koom ua ke nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog siab. Tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem txo qis vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev lag luam ntawm nplai.
Mass production
Kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom kev koom tes ntawm kev tsim khoom, nws tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas rau kev loj hlob mus rau kev tsim khoom. Hauv qhov no, qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom tiav yog nruj me ntsis txwv. Lawv yog homogeneous nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj, tsos, tsim thiab technical parameters. Kev tsim khoom yog nqa tawm tsis tu ncua. Cov khoom tiav tuaj yeem tso tawm ib txhij lossis sib npaug.
Rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov kev lag luam zoo li no tsim cov khoom lag luam tib yam. Tag nrho Rhiav lossis txawm tias lub Hoobkas tsim tsuas yog ib lossis ob hom khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav ua tau economically siv tsis tau tsuas yog kev koom ua ke, tab sis kujinterchangeable ntsiab. Txhua chav tsev ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis txawv ntawm qhov dhau los thiab cov ntu tom ntej. Tsuas yog qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv ntim yuav raug pom.
Txhua daim ntawm cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv, uas yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv feeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nomenclature ntawm ob lub hlis thiab ib xyoos yog tib yam. Txoj hauv kev no rau kev tsim khoom ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom paub cov qib siab ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab automation ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev tsim khoom yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, nrog rau kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb, khoom siv ua liaj ua teb. Txoj hauv kev no ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv kuj tau pom hauv kev lag luam teeb.
Khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom loj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim khoom siab thiab automation. Cov khoom siv hauv qhov no yog tshwj xeeb. Cov hauj lwm tshwj xeeb heev. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm no. Nws kuj tseem siv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog uas muaj lub luag haujlwm los tswj kev ua haujlwm kom raug ntawm cov kab automated.
Tus yam ntxwv sib piv
Txhawm rau sib sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm rau lub koom haum ntawm kev tsim khoom, peb yuav tsum xav txog kev sib piv cov lus piav qhia ntawm hom kev tsim khoom. Nws tau nthuav tawm hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
| Factor | Muaj | Serial | Single |
| Kev sib pauv hloov pauv | Average | Nco (tuaj yeem kho tau) | |
| Ib qho yuam kev rov ua dua | Nco ntsoov | Tsis tau | |
| khoom siv | Muaj tshwj xeeb | Partial Universal | Universal |
| Nomenclature | 1-2 yam | Limited to series | Unlimited |
| Tus nqi | qis | Average | High |
| Qhov chaw sib sau | Chain | pab pawg thiab saw | Group |
| Tool | Special | universal thiab tshwj xeeb | Universal |
| Muab cov haujlwm rau cov tshuab | Kev ua haujlwm tib yam yog ua tiav ntawm txhua daim khoom | Qee yam haujlwm tau ua nyob rau tib lub tsev | Tsis muaj kev txwv tshwj xeeb |
| Kev Tsim Nyog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm | Feem ntau qis, tab sis muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog | Average | High |
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, cov lus xaus tuaj yeem kos tauhais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev rau lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Txoj kev npaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
Paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam ntawm hom kev tsim khoom, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog txhua txoj hauv kev rau lub koom haum ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, kev tsim khoom kuj raug xaiv. Lub tswv yim no yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog txoj hauv kev ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Lawv yog characterized los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm nta. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kev txiav txim uas cov cuab yeej tsim khoom tau muab tso rau thiab qhov sib lawv liag ntawm txhua qhov haujlwm tau ua.
Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom txiav txim siab txog kev npaj cov chav nyob uas koom nrog hauv lub voj voog thev naus laus zis. Lub tswv yim no tseem suav nrog cov kab ke uas qhov no lossis cov haujlwm tsim khoom tau ua, thiab lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub sijhawm.
Muaj peb txoj hauv kev tsim khoom, uas yog hu ua ib leeg, batch thiab hauv-kab txoj hauv kev.
Kev piav qhia txog txoj kev
Hom kev tsim khoom thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv txiav txim siab xaiv txoj kev tsim khoom. Nyob ntawm seb cov khoom txav mus li cas nyob ib puag ncig cov chaw ua haujlwm, muaj kev txav mus los tsis tu ncua.
Hom kev khiav ncaj qha ntawm kev txav ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau teeb tsa hauv qhov kev txiav txim ua ntu zus. Cov khoom raug txav mus los ntawm ib theem ua haujlwm mus rau lwm qhov raws lub voj voog thev naus laus zis. Yog hais tias tus txheej txheem no tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ncaj qha ntws, tab sis kuj tsis tu ncua, xws li ib tug txheej txheem hu ua in-line.
Yog tias qhov kev tso tawm tau teeb tsa ua ntu zus, tab sis nrog kev cuam tshuam, nws yog hu ua batch. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm cov khoom (batch) raug tsim. Txoj kev no yuav tsum siv rau hauv kev lag luam nrog ntau yam khoom.
Nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, nrog rau kev tawg tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv ib zaug.
kev npaj tsim khoom
Tau txiav txim siab txog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thiab hom kev tsim khoom thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tuaj yeem txiav txim siab zoo txog kev xaiv ib lossis lwm txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv tau tuaj yeem yog los tsim cov duab ua haujlwm ib kauj ruam. Hauv qhov no, tag nrho cov peev txheej uas koom nrog hauv lub voj voog thev naus laus zis tau muab faib ua pawg raws li hom haujlwm lawv ua. Feem ntau siv rau kev tsim khoom me me.
Qee lub sij hawm txiav txim siab los tsim ib qho chaw ruaj khov. Cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tseem motionless. Raws li qhov xav tau, cov peev txheej tsim khoom tau muab rau nws, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim kho.
Hauv kev tsim khoom loj, ib txoj hauv kev rau kev txav ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog siv. Qhov no tso cai rau koj faib cov txheej txheem rau hauv ntau qhov haujlwm me me.
Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab txog hom kev tsim khoom thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv, nws muaj peev xwm los npaj cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis kom ua tau zoo raws li qhov ua tau. Qhov no ua rau kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
