Puas yog cov khoom siv kos duab lossis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nthuav qhia?

Cov txheej txheem:

Puas yog cov khoom siv kos duab lossis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nthuav qhia?
Puas yog cov khoom siv kos duab lossis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nthuav qhia?
Anonim

Allegory yog ancient li kos duab nws tus kheej. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los twv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus - "lwm" thiab "hais". Qhov ntawd yog hais txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim no yog qhov tsis meej thiab ntau sab.

Ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "allegory"

Nyob rau hauv thawj, qhov kev nkag siab nqaim, qhov no yog ib qho kev sau ntawv tshwj xeeb, ib lo lus rau kev hais lus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tom kawg tsuas yog ib hom ntawm allegory, nrog rau cov cim, irony, tropes thiab Aesopian lus. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav tau tham ntau yam hauv qab no.

Hauv kev nkag siab dav, kev hais lus yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab hauv txoj cai. Qhov tseeb, cov ntawv sau, kev tsim ua yeeb yam, xinesmas lossis suab paj nruag yog nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej lwm txoj hauv kev los qhia kev xav, kev xav thiab tswv yim. Qhov ntawd yog, tsis txhob hais ncaj qha txog kev ntshai, kev hlub, kev ntxub ntxaug, kev ncaj ncees, qhov zoo thiab qhov phem, koj tuaj yeem qhia txhua yam no los ntawm ib zaj dab neeg, suab paj nruag lossis duab.

Txoj kev hloov pauv kev paub no tau tsim los ntawm noob neej thaum ub thiab nthuav tawm hauv kev hais lus pej xeem - lus dab neeg thiab dab neeg, nkauj pej xeem thiab seev cev. Thiab tom qab - ntawv tseeb, painting thiab ua yeeb yam. Cov qauv no kuj nkag mus rau hauv architecture, ua tsaug rau qhov uas peb muaj xws li ntau yam qauv thiab tiam sis. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov neeg tsim xinesmas, thiab allegory nkag mus rau nws ib yam nkaus - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm feature films. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj kev ncaj qha ntawm kev xav tsis tau ploj mus - nws kuj tau tsim los ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia xws li sau ntawv xov xwm, documentary, journalism.

Allegory hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Muaj cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb hauv txhua daim duab kos duab. Tab sis thaum lo lus no tau hais, nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau implied. Allegory, ob qho tib si ntawm qib ntawm cov duab stylistic thiab nyob rau theem ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm, tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv ntawm txhua lub sijhawm.

Yog li, hauv "Txwj Laug Edda", sau los ntawm Scandinavian cov lus dab neeg, hauv kev nkag siab nqaim, kev hais lus yog kennings, uas yog, cov lus thiab kab lus uas hloov cov npe ntawm cov cim thiab cov khoom. Piv txwv li: "nees ntawm hiav txwv" los yog "nqaij npuas ntawm nthwv dej" - lub nkoj; "Fafnir lub txaj" - kub; "neeg phem", "niam ntawm witches", "txiv ntawm Hel" - tus vajtswv Loki; "tus txiv ntawm Siv" thiab "slayer of jotuns" - tus vajtswv Thor.

Ntxiv mus, txhua tus cwj pwm lossis cov khoom tuaj yeem muaj ntau tus kennings, tab sis tus kenning nws tus kheej tsuas muaj ib qho nqi hloov. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev nkag siab meej.

Yog li, kenning yog ib qho lus piv txwv ntawm qhov nqaim. Thiab nyob rau hauv dav dav, allegory yuav tsum to taub raws li cov cim thiab zaj dab neeg nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, cov vajtswv nyob rau hauv "Txwj Laug Edda" personify tsis tau tsuas yog ntuj phenomena, tab sis kuj tshwj xeebtib neeg zoo. Odin - kev txawj ntse, Loki - cunning thiab dag, Thor - ua siab loj thiab lub cev muaj zog. Thiab zaj dab neeg hais txog kev tuag ntawm vajtswv yog lwm txoj hauv kev hais tias kev dag ntxias thiab kev phem coj mus rau txim.

Nrog kev pab ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, ib tus tuaj yeem pom cov lus piv txwv hauv ib qho haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab - ob qho tib si hauv qhov nqaim thiab dav. Tab sis hauv cov ntawv tsis yog ntawv tseeb, ib tus tsuas tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv sau uas poob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus nqaim.

Vaj tswv ntawm Scandinavian Legends
Vaj tswv ntawm Scandinavian Legends

Hom thiab piv txwv ntawm allegory

Nyob rau hauv qhov nqaim, lub tswv yim muaj ob peb yam tseem ceeb, feem ntau siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Allegory yog qhov hloov ntawm ib qho khoom lossis qhov tshwm sim nrog cov duab kos duab, sawv cev ntawm qhov kev paub daws teeb meem thiab qhov dav dav los ntawm cov pob zeb thiab qhov tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog dab tsi coj nws los ze zog rau allegory. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, vim hais tias kev hais lus yog ib qho khoom siv ruaj khov hauv kev sau ntawv. Ib qho piv txwv tsuas yog cov duab ntawm pagan gods hauv mythology.

Ib lub cim kuj yog ib qho duab ntawm kev paub daws teeb los ntawm cov pob zeb. Tsis zoo li allegory, nws yog npaj los cuam tshuam tus nyeem ntawv txoj kev xav, evoking cwj pwm txawv thiab lwm yam dluab. Piv txwv li, tus nab hauv Phau Qub yog lub cim ntawm kev txhaum thiab kev ua phem, uas yuav tsum ua rau tsis lees paub.

Irony yog kev siv cov lus nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab kom ua tiav cov nyhuv comic. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg ruam thiaj li hu ua neeg ntse, tus neeg nruab nrab yog tus kws tsim khoom, thiab tus neeg me hu ua tus loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntsiab lus, nws tau qhia meej tias tus sau txhais tau tias qhov ntxeev.

Trails, uas yog, txhua yam ntawm cov duab stylistic. Cov no suav nrog cov piv txwvpersonifications, epithets thiab lwm yam lem. Piv txwv li, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas epithet "golden age" txhais tau hais tias lub sijhawm muaj nyiaj txiag thiab / lossis kev paub txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev tshawb fawb.

Escher mosaic nrog illusions
Escher mosaic nrog illusions

Aesopian lus

Muaj tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem raws li txhua hom kev sib tham. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua Aesopian lus - nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Greek kws sau paj lug thaum ub, uas kuj yog ib tug qhev. Tsis tuaj yeem hais ncaj qha txog nws tus tswv, nws tau sau txog lawv cov kev ua phem los ntawm cov txheej txheem allegorical. Tom qab ntawd, lawv pib hu nws ua qhov kev nthuav qhia, uas tus kws sau ntawv nrhiav kev nthuav tawm ib lub tswv yim raws li kev censorship.

Aesop Greek kws sau paj lug
Aesop Greek kws sau paj lug

Lub hom phiaj ntawm Aesopian lus yog qhia lub tswv yim rau cov neeg nyeem, tab sis nyob rau hauv xws li censor tsis ntes nws. Hauv cov ntawv zoo li no, yuav luag txhua kab lus yog "encrypted" nrog cov cim, irony thiab lwm yam dag. Aesopian lus tau nquag siv los ntawm satirists, piv txwv li, Mikhail S altykov-Shchedrin, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm hom ntawv no.

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