Yuav ua li cas ua kom lom zem chemistry hauv chav ua noj kom nyab xeeb thiab lom zem rau koj tus menyuam? Cia peb sim ua qhov kev sim tshuaj lom neeg tiag tiag - lub roob hluav taws hauv lub phaj noj hmo. Qhov kev sim no yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no thiab cov tshuaj reagents:
- ib daim ntawm plasticine (peb yuav ua kom lub roob hluav taws nws tus kheej tawm ntawm nws);
- phaj;
- acetic acid;
- haus dej qab zib;
- kua zaub;
- dye.
Cov khoom uas teev saum toj no tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim hauv txhua lub tsev lossis hauv chav kho vajtse ntawm lub khw muag khoom ze. Lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus, tab sis zoo li txhua yam kev sim chemistry, qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb.
Kev piav qhia ua haujlwm:
- Los ntawm plasticine peb ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub roob hluav taws thiab lub khob hliav qab nrog lub qhov. Peb txuas lawv, ua tib zoo kaw cov npoo. Peb tau txais cov qauv plasticine ntawm lub roob hluav taws nrog cov nqes hav. Sab hauv ntawm peb cov qauv yuav tsum muaj lub voj voog nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 100 - 200 mm. Ua ntej txhim kho qhov teeb tsa ntawm lub phaj lossis lub tais, peb xyuas peb lub roob hluav taws rau cov dej ntws: peb sau cov dej rau hauv nws thiab saib seb nws puas cia nws hla. Yog hais tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim - teem lub layout ntawm lub roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv ib lub phaj.
- Tam sim no mus rau ntu tom ntej - ua nojlava. Peb muab ib tug tablespoon ntawm ci dej qab zib, dej ntxuav tais diav nyob rau hauv tib lub ntim thiab ib tug zas xim rau yav tom ntej eruption nyob rau hauv cov xim sib xws rau tiag tiag lava rau hauv peb cov qauv ntawm ib tug plasticine volcano. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov zoo sib xws, koj tuaj yeem siv cov xim zaub mov, cov menyuam yaus cov xim rau kev kos duab, thiab txawm tias cov kua txiv beetroot zoo tib yam. Qhov kev paub txog chemistry no yuav tsum rov tsim dua ntawm qhov muag ntawm tus menyuam qhov hluav taws kub tawg hauv qhov xwm txheej.
- Txhawm rau pib qhov tawg, ncuav ib feem peb ntawm ib khob ntawm vinegar rau hauv qhov cub. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev sib xyaw ntawm cov dej qab zib thiab acetic acid ua rau tsim cov carbonic acid ntsev, uas yog ib qho tsis ruaj khov thiab tam sim ntawd decomposes rau hauv dej thiab carbon dioxide. Nws yog cov txheej txheem foaming no uas yuav ua rau peb qhov kev tawg ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub roob hluav taws tiag tiag nrog lava ntws raws qhov chaw siab tshaj. Kev sim tshuaj ua tiav.
Qhia tawm ntawm lub roob hluav taws kub hauv tsev kawm
Dhau li ntawm hom kev nyab xeeb tawg ua qauv qhia tau piav qhia saum toj no, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev kom tau lub roob hluav taws ntawm lub rooj. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua cov kev sim no hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb npaj - tsev kawm ntawv cov chaw sim tshuaj. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub rooj ntev zaum yog lub roob hluav taws Böttger. Rau nws cov kev siv, ammonium dichromate yog xav tau, uas yog poured rau hauv ib tug swb, ib tug kev nyuaj siab yog ua nyob rau ntawm nws sab saum toj. Ib daim ntawm paj rwb ntaub moistened nrog cawv yog muab tso rau hauv lub crater, uas yog teem rau hluav taws. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nitrogen, dej thiab chromium oxide. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua zoo ib yam li qhov tawg ntawm lub roob hluav taws kub.
Rau qhov cim xeeb, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm erudition hauv cov menyuam yaus, nws yog qhov zoo rau kev koom tes nrog kev sim tshuaj lom neeg nrog qee qhov piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tawg hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej, piv txwv li, nrog rau Kev tawg ntawm Vesuvius hauv ltalis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws yog qhov zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub qab ntug tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev luam tawm ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj los ntawm Karl Bryullov "Hnub Kawg ntawm Pompeii" (1827-1833).
Tsis yog tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau cov menyuam yaus kuj yuav yog ib zaj dab neeg hais txog kev ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tus kws kho hluav taws xob. Cov kws tshaj lij no niaj hnub soj ntsuam tas li ploj mus thiab tam sim no cov hluav taws kub ua haujlwm, ua kev xav txog lub sijhawm thiab lub zog ntawm lawv qhov kev tawg yav tom ntej.
