Lub Antikythera Mechanism yog ib qho khoom qub qub pom nyob rau xyoo 1901 nyob hauv qab ntawm Hiav Txwv Aegean. Txog rau hnub no, nws tau suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm qhov tsis paub tseeb ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub. Qhov kev tshawb pom no debunked tag nrho cov dab neeg hais txog cov thev naus laus zis thaum ub ntawm ancient sij hawm thiab yuam cov kws tshawb fawb kom rov xav txog lawv cov kev xav txog cov thev naus laus zis. Niaj hnub no nws tseem hu ua "thawj analog computer." Hnub no peb yuav los saib ze ze ntawm qhov khoom tsis meej no.
Discovery keeb kwm
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1900, ob lub nkoj nrog cov neeg nuv ntses, rov qab los ntawm African ntug dej hiav txwv raws ntug dej hiav txwv Aegean, taug kev tawm ntawm cov kob Greek me me hu ua Antikythera. Nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm sab qab teb ntawm thaj av Greece thiab cov kob ntawm Crete. Ntawm no, ntawm qhov tob txog 60 meters, cov neeg dhia dej tau pom cov ruins ntawm lub nkoj qub.
Ib xyoos tom qab, Greek archaeologists pib tshawb lub nkoj sunken nrog kev pab los ntawm divers. Nws yog Roman tub lag luam nkoj uas tau tawg thaum ntxov li 80-50 BC. NtawmMuaj ntau yam khoom pov thawj tau pom nyob rau hauv nws cov ruins: marble thiab bronze mlom, amphorae thiab lwm yam. Qee yam ntawm kev kos duab tau tsa los ntawm qab ntawm Hiav Txwv Aegean tau xaus rau hauv Athens Archaeological Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Raws li qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws, lub nkoj thauj khoom nrog cov khoom plig lossis khoom plig diplomatic tau mus rau Rome los ntawm cov kob ntawm Rhodes. Raws li koj paub, thaum lub sij hawm conquest ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws los ntawm Rome, muaj ib tug systematic xa tawm ntawm kab lis kev cai muaj nuj nqis rau ltalis. Ntawm cov kev tshawb pom tau rov qab los ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj yog ib pob ntawm corroded bronze, tsis muaj ib daim ntawv vim yog ib txheej tuab ntawm txiv qaub deposits. Nws yog thawj zaug yuam kev rau ib feem ntawm ib tug pej thuam.
Study
Thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm tib lub coma tau ua los ntawm archaeologist Valerios Stais. Tom qab tshem tawm cov txiv qaub deposits, nws, rau nws deepest surprise, nrhiav tau ib tug complex mechanism nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm gears, tsav shafts, thiab ntsuas scale. Ancient Greek inscriptions kuj pom ntawm cov khoom, ib co ntawm lawv tau deciphered. Tom qab pw ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv rau txog ob txhiab xyoo, lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Lub thav duab ntoo, uas, pom tseeb, tag nrho cov khoom siv tau txuas nrog, tawg tag. Cov khoom siv hlau tau dhau los ua corrosion hnyav thiab deformation. Txoj kev tshawb no kuj nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qee lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem tau ploj lawm. Xyoo 1903, thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm, uas piav qhia txog Antikythera mechanism - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis meej.
Price reconstruction
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm cov cuab yeej tau mob siab rau thiab siv sijhawm ntau xyoo. Nws qhov kev tsim kho dua tshiab tau lees paub tias yog kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev cia siab, yog li cov cuab yeej tsis tau kawm ntev. Txhua yam hloov pauv thaum nws tuaj txog ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv thiab tus kws kho mob lub cev Derek de Solla Nqe. Xyoo 1959, tus kws tshawb fawb tau luam tawm tsab xov xwm "Lub Ancient Greek Computer", uas tau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav.
Raws li Nqe qhov kev xav, Greek Antikythera mechanism tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm 85-80 AD. BC e. Txawm li cas los xij, radiocarbon thiab epigraphic tsom xam tau ua nyob rau hauv 1971 thawb rov qab lub sijhawm kwv yees ntawm kev tsim los ntawm lwm 20-70 xyoo.
Xyoo 1974, Nqe tau nthuav tawm cov qauv theoretical ntawm lub tshuab. Raws li nws, Australian explorer Allan Georgi, ua ke nrog watchmaker Frank Percival, ua tus thawj ua hauj lwm qauv. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, ib qho kev hloov pauv ntau dua ntawm Antikythera mechanism tau tsim los ntawm British inventor John Gleave.
Xyoo 1978, tus kws tshawb fawb Fabkis txoj dej hiav txwv Jacques-Yves Cousteau tau mus rau qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav kom pom cov seem ntawm cov khoom qub. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws qhov kev sim ua tsis tiav.
Wright reconstruction
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm Antikythera mechanism - qhov tsis meej tshaj plaws ntawm Antiquity - tau tsim los ntawm tus neeg Askiv Askiv Michael Wright, uas ua haujlwm ntawm Imperial College London. Txhawm rau kawm cov cuab yeej, nws siv txoj hauv kev ntawm linear X-ray tomography. Thawj qhov kev ua tiav ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem hauv xyoo 1997xyoo. Lawv tau ua kom kho tau thiab ua kom cov nqe lus xaus.
Kev Kawm Thoob Ntiaj Teb
Hauv xyoo 2005, qhov project thoob ntiaj teb hu ua "Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Antikythera Mechanism" tau pib. Raws li kev txhawb nqa ntawm Ministry of Culture ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, ntxiv rau cov Greeks, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Great Britain thiab America tau koom nrog. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tshiab fragments ntawm lub mechanism tau pom nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Roman nkoj tuag. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, kwv yees li 95% ntawm cov ntawv sau uas luam tawm ntawm lub cuab yeej (kwv yees li ob txhiab cim) tau nyeem. Michael Wright, lub sijhawm no, txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab hauv 2007 nthuav tawm cov qauv hloov kho ntawm cov cuab yeej qub. Ib xyoos tom qab, ib phau ntawv hais txog Antikythera mechanism tau tshwm sim, uas tau luam tawm los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv Joe Merchant.
Nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cov khoom cuav tau qhib rau cov txiv neej niaj hnub no ntau dua, yog li nthuav peb txoj kev nkag siab txog qib kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
Original fragments
Txhua qhov hlau ntawm Antikythera mechanism uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no yog ua los ntawm cov ntawv tooj liab. Nws thickness nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub cuab yeej nws txawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm 1-2 millimeters. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, Antikythera mechanism yuav luag tag nrho corroded tshaj ob txhiab xyoo, tab sis ntawm feem ntau ntawm nws cov tawg, koj tseem tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus zoo nkauj ntawm cov cuab yeej nyuaj tshaj plaws. Txog niaj hnub no, 7 loj (A-G) thiab 75 qhov me me ntawm cov khoom cuav tsis paub paub.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom khaws cia ntawm cov txheej txheem sab hauv yog qhov seem ntawm 27 lub zog nrog lub cheeb ntawm 9-130 hli,muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev ua ntu zus ntawm 12 axes cais - tau muab tso rau hauv qhov loj tshaj plaws fragment (217 hli), uas tau txais qhov ntsuas "A". Feem ntau ntawm cov log tau txuas nrog cov ncej uas tig rau hauv qhov ua hauv lub cev. Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm lub hull seem (ib lub ntsej muag thiab ib daim duab plaub), nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov seem yog duab plaub. Cov concentric arcs, uas pom meej meej ntawm X-ray, yog ib feem ntawm lub dial qis. Nyob ze ntawm ntug ntawm lub thav duab yog cov seem ntawm ib tug ntoo plank cais lub dial los ntawm rooj plaub. Nws yog assumed tias thaum xub thawj muaj ob xws strips nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv. Ntawm qee qhov deb ntawm sab thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub thav duab, cov kab ntawm ob feem ntau ntawm cov ntoo tuaj yeem pom. Ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub hull, lawv kaw rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas nrog lub kaum sab xis.
124mm Fragment B muaj feem ntau ntawm cov seem ntawm lub xov tooj sab saud nrog ib khub ntawm cov ncej tawg thiab cov cim iav. Nws txuas nrog fragment A, thaum qhov thib peb 64 mm fragment (E), nrog rau lwm qhov ntawm dial, nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Los ntawm kev muab cov lus piav qhia ua ke, koj tuaj yeem paub txog cov cuab yeej ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag tom qab, uas muaj ob peb lub dials loj. Lawv yog cov spirals ntawm concentric converging rings muab tso rau ib sab saum toj ntawm lwm yam ntawm cov yas rectangular. Thawj dial muaj tsib lub nplhaib, thiab lub thib ob muaj plaub. Fragment F, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, kuj muaj ib feem ntawm lub xov tooj rov qab. Nws qhia cov kab ntawm cov ntooces kaum.
Fragment C muaj qhov loj ntawm li 120 millimeters. Nws lub ntsiab loj tshaj plaws yog lub ces kaum ntawm lub dial nyob rau sab laug, uas ua rau lub ntsiab "duab". Lub dial no muaj ob qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev kawm tiav. Thawj ntawm lawv raug txiav los ntawm sab nraud ntawm lub qhov loj puag ncig ncaj qha rau ntawm lub phaj. Qhov ntsuas tau cim nrog 360 pawg faib ua 12 pawg ntawm 30 pawg. Txhua pawg tau muaj npe tom qab kos npe ntawm lub zodiac. Qhov ntsuas thib ob twb tau muab faib ua 365 pawg, kuj tau muab faib ua 12 pawg, hu ua lub hli ntawm Egyptian daim ntawv qhia hnub.
Tom ntej mus rau lub ces kaum ntawm lub dial yog ib lub me me latch, uas ua rau lub trigger. Nws pab kho lub dial. Nyob rau sab nraub qaum ntawm qhov tawg yog ib qho kev nthuav dav nrog cov seem ntawm lub log me me. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub tshuab uas tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog theem ntawm lub hli.
Ntawm tag nrho cov seem uas tau piav qhia, cov cim ntawm bronze daim hlau tau pom, uas tau teeb tsa rau saum lub dials thiab muaj ntau yam inscriptions. Yam uas lawv tshuav tom qab ntxuav cov khoom qub tam sim no hu ua fragment G. Yeej, cov no yog cov khoom tawg me tshaj plaws ntawm cov tooj liab.
Fragment D muaj ob lub log uas haum ua ke nrog lub phaj nyias ntawm lawv. Lawv cov duab sib txawv me ntsis ntawm puag ncig, thiab cov ncej uas lawv, thaj, yuav tsum tau txuas nrog, yog ploj lawm. Ntawm lwm cov khoom tawg uas tau nqis los rau peb, tsis muaj qhov chaw rau cov log no, yog li nws tsuas yog tsim tau lawv lub hom phiaj tseeb nkaus xwb.
Tag nrho cov khoom seemtau khaws cia hauv Athens National Archaeological Museum. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tso rau hauv.
Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Antikythera Mechanism
Txawm tias thaum pib ntawm txoj kev kawm, ua tsaug rau cov nplai thiab cov ntawv sau khaws cia ntawm lub tshuab, nws tau txheeb xyuas tias qee yam khoom siv hnub qub. Raws li thawj qhov kev xav, nws yog cov cuab yeej navigational zoo li lub astrolabe - daim ntawv qhia ncig ntawm lub hnub qub nrog cov cuab yeej rau kev soj ntsuam astronomical, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov hnub qub. Lub invention ntawm lub astrolabe yog ntaus nqi mus rau ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus, uas nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo pua BC. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb tias qhov kev tshawb pom yog ib qho cuab yeej siv ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm complexity thiab miniaturization, Greek Antikythera mechanism yuav muab piv nrog lub hnub qub moos ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Nws suav nrog ntau tshaj peb lub kaum lub zog. Lawv cov hniav yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm equilateral daim duab peb sab. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hniav hauv Antikythera mechanism tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog vim tsis muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab nws qhov tseeb impeccable qhia tias cov cuab yeej no muaj cov neeg ua ntej, tab sis lawv tsis tau pom dua.
Qhov kev xav thib ob qhia tias cov khoom cuav yog "ntiaj teb" version ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub ntiaj teb uas tsim los ntawm Archimedes (ca. 287-212 BC) hais los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thaum ub. Lub ntiaj teb no tau hais thawj zaug los ntawm Cicero hauv thawj xyoo pua BC. e. Yuav ua li cas cov cuab yeej no tau teem rau hauv, kom deb li debtsis paub. Muaj qhov kev xav tias nws muaj lub zog ntawm lub zog, zoo li Antikythera mechanism. Cicero kuj tau sau txog lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws uas tsim los ntawm Posidonius (c. 135-51 BC). Yog li, lub hav zoov ntawm ancient mechanisms, piv rau hauv sophistication rau lub discovery ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tau lees paub los ntawm ancient sau.
Xyoo 1959, Nqe kwv yees tias cov khoom qub Greek yog ib qho cuab yeej rau kev txiav txim siab txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub hli thiab lub hnub txheeb ze rau cov hnub qub. Tus kws tshawb fawb hu ua lub cuab yeej "lub computer Greek thaum ub", lub ntsiab lus los ntawm lub ntsiab lus no yog lub tshuab xam zauv.
Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ntawm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav pom tau pom tias nws yog daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab lub tshuab xam hnub qub uas tau siv los kwv yees qhov chaw ntawm lub cev ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab ua qauv qhia lawv txoj kev txav mus los. Yog li, qhov txheej txheem no nyuaj dua li Archimedes lub ntiaj teb xilethi-aus.
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev xav, cov cuab yeej hauv nqe lus nug tau tsim nyob rau hauv Academy ntawm Stoic philosopher Posidonius, nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Rhodes, uas nyob rau hauv cov hnub muaj lub koob meej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm astronomy thiab "engineering". Nws tau xav tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem yog los ntawm astronomer Hipparchus, txij li thaum lub artifact siv lub tswv yim ntawm nws txoj kev xav ntawm kev txav ntawm lub hli. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus xaus ntawm cov neeg koom nrog txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb, luam tawm thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2008, qhia tias lub tswv yim ntawm cov cuab yeej tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm Kaulinthaus, uas nws cov kab ke kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Archimedes.
Pab vaj huam sib luag
Vim qhov kev khaws cia tsis zoo thiab kev tawg ntawm qhov chaw uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub txiv neej, kev tsim kho ntawm Antikythera mechanism tsuas yog qhov kev xav xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau kev mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, peb tuaj yeem nthuav qhia hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Nws xav tias tom qab teem hnub, lub cuab yeej tau qhib los ntawm tig lub pob qhov rooj nyob rau sab ntawm rooj plaub. Lub log loj 4-hais lus tau txuas nrog ntau lub zog tig ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab sib xyaw cov dials.
Lub zog muaj peb lub ntsiab lus kawm tiav: ob sab nraub qaum thiab ib qho rau pem hauv ntej. Ob qhov ntsuas tau piav qhia ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej: lub txav sab hauv thiab ib qho ruaj khov sab nraud. Thawj zaug muaj 365 ntu, qhia txog cov hnub hauv ib xyoos. Qhov thib ob yog ecliptic (lub voj voog ntawm lub hnub qub uas lub hnub txav mus thoob plaws lub xyoo), muab faib ua 360 degrees thiab 12 ntu nrog cov cim ntawm lub zodiac. Kuj ceeb tias, ntawm cov cuab yeej no nws tseem tuaj yeem kho qhov teeb meem yuam kev los ntawm qhov tseeb tias muaj 365.2422 hnub hauv ib xyoos. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txhua plaub xyoos lub xov tooj tau tig los ntawm ib qho kev faib. Daim ntawv qhia hnub Julian, uas txhua xyoo plaub yog xyoo leap, tseem tsis tau muaj.
Nws zoo li lub xov tooj pem hauv ntej muaj tsawg kawg yog peb txhais tes: ib qho qhia txog hnub, thiab ob qho ntxiv qhia txog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub hli thiab lub hnub txheeb ze rau ecliptic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xub xub ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub hli coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws lub zog, nrhiav tau los ntawm Hipparchus. Hipparchus qhia tias lub orbit ntawm pebLub satellite muaj cov duab ntawm lub ellipse, uas deviates 5 degrees ntawm lub orbit ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob ze ntawm lub perigee, lub hli txav raws lub hnub qub qeeb dua, thiab nrawm dua ntawm apogee. Txhawm rau ua kom pom qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub cuab yeej, siv lub tshuab ua kom muaj zog ntawm lub zog. Feem ntau, muaj cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws uas nthuav tawm lub zog ntawm Lub Hnub ntawm luv nqi rau txoj kev xav ntawm Hipparchus, tab sis nws tsis tau khaws cia.
Ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej kuj muaj qhov taw qhia ntawm theem ntawm lub hli. Cov qauv kheej kheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog ib nrab dub, ib nrab nyiaj. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau txoj haujlwm los ntawm lub qhov rais puag ncig, qhia txog theem tam sim no ntawm lub ntiaj teb satellite.
Nws ntseeg tias qhov kev tsim txuj ci tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los, Antikythera mechanism, tuaj yeem taw tes rau tsib lub ntiaj teb uas tau paub rau cov kws tshawb fawb Greek thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Peb tab tom tham txog Venus, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter thiab Saturn. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov kev pab cuam uas tuaj yeem lav lub luag haujlwm no tau pom (fragment D), tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nws lub hom phiaj tsis meej.
Cov phaj tooj liab nyias uas npog lub hauv ntej dial muaj lub npe hu ua "parapegma" - daim ntawv qhia hnub qub qhia txog kev nce thiab teeb tsa ntawm cov hnub qub thiab hnub qub. Cov npe ntawm txhua lub hnub qub tau qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv Greek, uas sib raug rau tib tsab ntawv ntawm lub zodiac scale.
Pab rov qab
Lub xov tooj sab saud ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag sab nraub qaum tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kauv nrog tsib lem, txhua qhov muaj 47 qhov chaw. Yog li, 235 ceg tau txais, nthuav tawm Metonslub voj voog”, npaj los ntawm astronomer thiab mathematician Meton rov qab rau hauv 433 BC. e. Lub voj voog no tau siv los ua kom sib haum xeeb ntev ntawm lub hli lunar thiab hnub ci xyoo. Nws yog raws li qhov kwv yees sib npaug: 235 lub hlis synodic=19 xyoo kub.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xov tooj sab saud muaj lub xov tooj sib faib ua plaub ntu. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tswv yim tias nws tus taw qhia tau pom "Calippus cycle", uas muaj plaub "Metonic cycles" nrog kev txiav tawm ntawm ib hnub, uas tau ua haujlwm los kho daim ntawv qhia hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau xyoo 2008, cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom ntawm lub npe ntawm plaub lub lauj kaub-Hellenic ua si: Isthmian, Olympic, Nemean thiab Pythian. Nws txhais tes, pom tau tias, tau suav nrog hauv kev sib kis dav dav thiab ua rau peb lub hlis twg ntawm kev tig hauv ib xyoos.
Qhov qis dua ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag tom qab tau txais lub xov tooj kauv nrog 223 qhov chaw. Nws qhia lub voj voog ntawm Saros - ib lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov rov ua dua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hli, Lub Hnub thiab cov pob ntawm lub lunar orbit txheeb ze rau ib leeg, eclipses tau rov ua dua: hnub ci thiab lunar. 223 yog tus lej ntawm lub hli synodic. Txij li Saros tsis sib npaug rau pes tsawg hnub, hauv txhua lub voj voog tshiab cov dab noj hnub tuaj 8 teev tom qab. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias hnub ci eclipse tuaj yeem pom los ntawm tag nrho hmo ntuj hemisphere ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thaum lub hnub ci eclipse tsuas yog pom los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub hnub qub ntxoov ntxoo, uas txawv txhua xyoo. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub Saros tshiab, pawg ntawm hnub ci dab noj hnub hloov mus rau sab hnub poob los ntawm 120 degrees. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav hloov mus rau sab qab teb lossis sab qaum teb.
Ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm lub dial qhia lub voj voog Saros, muajCov cim Σ (lunar eclipse) thiab Η (hnub ci eclipse), nrog rau cov lej cim qhia hnub thiab sijhawm ntawm cov dab noj hnub. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm cov khoom qub, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev soj ntsuam tiag tiag.
Ntawm nraub qaum yog lwm lub xov tooj uas qhia txog "Exeligmos cycle" lossis "triple Saros". Nws tau nthuav tawm lub sijhawm rov ua dua ntawm hnub ci thiab lunar eclipses nyob rau hauv tag nrho hnub.
Xov xwm thiab ntawv sau
Txhawm rau kom tau ze dua rau cov khoom cuav no, koj tuaj yeem saib cov ntawv sau cia. Antikythera Mechanism tau ua yeeb yaj kiab ntau dua ib zaug. Hauv qab no yog cov duab tseem ceeb txog nws:
- “Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Lub Hnub Qub. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no hais txog Antikythera Mechanism tau ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm US National Geographic Channel hauv xyoo 2010. Nws qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab qhia meej meej txog nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo.
- “Lub ntiaj teb thawj lub computer. Unraveling Antikythera Mechanism. Zaj yeeb yaj kiab no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2012 los ntawm Images First Ltd. Nws kuj muaj ntau qhov tseeb txaus nyiam thiab cov duab kos duab.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, phau ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Antikythera mechanism yog phau ntawv los ntawm Joe Merchant. Tus kws sau ntawv Askiv thiab kws sau ntawv tau mob siab rau ntau lub sijhawm rau kev kawm txog archaeology thiab ancient astronomy. Txoj haujlwm no hu ua Antikythera Mechanism. Qhov feem ntau mysterious invention ntawm Antiquity. Txhua tus tuaj yeem rub tawm nws hauv FB2, TXT, PDF, RTF thiab lwm hom ntawv nrov. Cov haujlwm tau sau rau xyoo 2008xyoo. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm ntawm Antikythera Mechanism, Tub Lag Luam qhia tsis yog li cas cov khoom cuav tau pom thiab yuav ua li cas cov kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm nws cov lus zais, tab sis kuj hais txog cov teeb meem uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntsib nrog txoj kev.
