Czech koom pheej yog ib lub xeev me. Nws nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Peb txhua tus paub zoo nrog cov tebchaws nyob ib sab ntawm Czech koom pheej. Tom qab tag nrho, nws ciam teb rau Poland thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, Slovakia thiab Austria. Xws li thaj chaw zoo nyob ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam ntawm kev lag luam tawm los ntawm Tebchaws Europe mus rau Asia, huab cua me me thiab muaj cov ntxhia nplua nuj ua rau Czech koom pheej muaj lub sijhawm zoo rau kev vam meej. Txhua xyoo, ntau lab tus neeg tuaj ncig thoob ntiaj teb tuaj ncig ntawm no txhawm rau txhim kho lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov chaw ua si balneological, qhuas cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tebchaws thiab nws cov tsev fuabtais qub.
Czechs yog ib lub tebchaws muaj kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev kawm zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv dhau mus nrog meej mom lub sij hawm nyuaj uas tuaj tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm socialist camp. Czech koom pheej zoo siab rau hnub no yog dab tsi? Kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, uas yog nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw ntawm lub xeev ntawm Eastern Europe.
Travelers
Lub teb chaws Czech koom pheej rauCov neeg mus ncig ua lag luam yog conditionally muab faib ua peb thaj chaw: balneological, caij ski thiab ncig saib hnub so. Cov kiv cua ntawm ntau txoj kev coj noj coj ua raug caw tuaj xyuas Pilsen, Brno, Cesky Krumlov, Ostrava thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Prague.
Xav kom lawv noj qab nyob zoo mus rau sab hnub poob teb chaws. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov chaw ua si tseem ceeb, xws li Marianske Lazne, Karlovy Vary, thiab Kynzvart. Rau hnub so caij ski, Czech koom pheej muaj nws thaj chaw sab hnub tuaj. Ntawm no, nyob rau ciam teb nrog Poland, muaj chaw so xws li Harrachov, Spindlerov Mlyn, Rokytnice nad Izerou thiab Vitkovice.
Nyob hauv lub tebchaws zoo kawg no, tseem muaj ntau tshaj li ob thiab ib nrab txhiab lub tsev fuabtais medieval, amazing nrog lawv cov architecture tshwj xeeb. Thiab nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab romantics, lovers ntawm ancient sij hawm thiab connoisseurs ntawm kev zoo nkauj nyiam mus xyuas Czech koom pheej. Tau tuaj txog hauv lub tebchaws tsuas yog ib zaug xwb, nws tsis tuaj yeem npog qhov loj ntawm cov attractions muaj nyob hauv nws thaj chaw. Tias yog vim li cas coob tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm no dua.
Dab tsi ntxiv uas nyiam cov neeg taug kev mus rau Czech koom pheej? Kev piav qhia ntawm lub teb chaws yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj ib zaj dab neeg txog cov thawj thiab qab teb chaws cuisine. Nov yog qhov tseeb qhov nthuav dav uas ua rau tib neeg tsis nco qab txog kev noj haus thiab lawv lub duav ib ntus.
Czech koom pheej yog lub ntuj ceeb tsheej tiag hauv ntiaj teb rau cov neeg nyiam npias ib yam nkaus. Cov zaub mov txawv thiab kab lig kev cai ntawm kev haus dej haus no, sawv cev los ntawm ntau ntau yam sib txawv, tau ua tib zoo khaws cia ntawm no.
geography
teb chawsCzech koom pheej nyob rau sab qaum teb muaj 658 km ntawm ciam teb nrog Poland, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob, nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees - 646 km nyob rau hauv sab hnub poob, nrog Slovakia - 214 km nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb nrog Austria - 362 km. Yog li, qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov ciam teb ntawm lub xeev no yog 1880 km.thaj chaw ntawm Czech koom pheej muaj ntau haiv neeg toj roob hauv pes. Yog li ntawd, thaj chaw ntawm Bohemia nyob rau sab hnub poob yog nyob rau hauv lub phiab ntawm cov dej xws li lub Vltava thiab Laba. Nws nyob ib puag ncig ntawm roob qis.
Sab hnub tuaj ntawm Czech koom pheej yog thaj chaw ntawm Moravia. Nws kuj muaj toj roob hauv pes. Qhov chaw no yog nyob rau hauv lub phiab ntawm tus dej Moravia. Czech koom pheej tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau hiav txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho nws cov dej ntws ntws mus rau lawv. Lawv ntws mus rau hauv Dub, B altic los yog North Seas.
Lub roob siab tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws yog nyob rau sab qaum teb. Lawv hu ua Kokonoshi. Lub roob siab tshaj yog Sněžka. Nws nce siab saum hiav txwv theem ntawm 1600 m.
Koj tuaj yeem pom Czech koom pheej ntawm daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb ntawm kev tswj hwm 49 degrees 45 vib nas this sab qaum teb latitude thiab 15 degrees 30 vib nas this longitude sab hnub tuaj. Qhov no yog lub plawv ntawm Europe. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov no, nws txaus los mus xyuas qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog Pilsen thiab Cheb. Nws nyob ntawm no uas tau teeb tsa lub cim nco txog, uas muaj ib qho kev sau "Center of Europe".
Thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws yog 78,866 square kilometers. Hais txog thaj tsam, Czech koom pheej nyob qib 115th hauv ntiaj teb. Ob feem pua ntawm thaj chaw no yog dej.
Climate
Czech koom pheej yog lub tebchaws uas muaj huab cua zoo heev. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm no yog me ntsis. Nws yog kub heev nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm xwblub lis piam ntawm lub xyoo. Lub teb chaws pleases nrog huab cua nyob rau hauv txhua lub caij. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, qhov nruab nrab kub yog teem nyob rau hauv nees nkaum degrees, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no tus pas ntsuas kub xyaum tsis poob qis dua 3. Xws li ib qho kev nyab xeeb zoo tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm continental thiab maritime influences. Txo qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cua roob roob.
YAdministration division
Kaum peb thaj tsam lossis thaj chaw tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim duab qhia lub tebchaws. Lub chaw tswj hwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws yog nws lub peev - lub nroog Prague.
thaj chaw twg (ib thaj chaw) yog ib feem ntawm lub xeev European no? Lawv cov npe suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Middle Bohemian.
- Pilsensky.
- South Bohemian.
- Kalovy Vary.
- Ustetsky.
- Karlove Hradec.
- Liberec.
- South Moravian.
- Slomoutsky.
- Pardubice.
- Moravskosilevsky.
- Zlinsky.
- High.
History
Thaj chaw ntawm Czech koom pheej tau nyob los ntawm tib neeg txij li Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb. Thawj cov lus hais ntawm lub tebchaws no tau pom nyob rau hauv keeb kwm uas rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 9th. Lub sijhawm no, thaj chaw ntawm Czech koom pheej tau tswj hwm ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Přemyslids.
Lub npe thib ob ntawm cov av no yog Bohemia. Nws tuaj ntawm ib pawg neeg Celtic thaum ub uas nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob hauv North Bohemia niaj hnub. Tom qab lawv, cov av no tau paub los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg German - Marcomanni, uas tau hloov los ntawm Slavs nyob rau xyoo pua 5. Cov yav tas yog cov yawg koobniaj hnub Czechs.
Lub xeev Slavic no tau mus txog nws qhov kev zoo siab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th. Lub sijhawm no, nws tau hu ua Great Moravia thiab muaj thaj chaw zoo nkauj, uas suav nrog thaj av tam sim no ntawm Slovakia, Bohemia, nrog rau ib feem ntawm Hungary thiab Austria.
Zoo siab tias tsis muaj ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais txog lub nroog twg yog lub peev ntawm lub xeev no thiab vim li cas nws thiaj tawg. Feem ntau yuav, yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog ntau heev internecine tsov rog. Nws paub tias Great Moravia yog lub tebchaws ntseeg, thiab cov thwj tim Methodius thiab Cyril yog nws cov neeg ua kev cai raus dej (ib yam li hauv tebchaws Russia).
In the 17th c. Lub tebchaws Czech tau los ua ib feem ntawm Austria-Hungary, thiab tom qab nws tawg rau xyoo 1928, Subcarpathian Rus, Slovakia thiab Czech koom pheej koom ua ke. Cov tebchaws no tau hu ua Czechoslovakia. Nyob rau hauv 1939, lub teb chaws tau nyob los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees. Liberation tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, thaum cov tub rog Soviet nkag mus rau Czechoslovakia. Tom qab ntawd, lub teb chaws nkag mus rau lub socialist zej zog.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xyoo 80s lig, kev tawm tsam loj thiab kev tawm tsam tau txeeb Czechoslovakia. Tag nrho lawv tau ua rau lub npe hu ua Velvet Revolution. Qhov no tau ua raws li kev tawm tsam loj, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tsoomfwv. Lub teb chaws tau coj los ntawm yav dhau los tus neeg tawm tsam playwright Vaclav Havel.
1993-01-01 Czechoslovakia tau muab faib ua ob lub xeev. Ob lub koom pheej tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws thaj chaw - Slovakia thiab Czech koom pheej. Keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws tom qab ntawd pib tsim nws tus kheej. Yog, hauvXyoo 1999, lub xeev tau los ua tswv cuab ntawm NATO, thiab hauv 2004, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm EU. Txij li xyoo 2007, Czech koom pheej tau koom nrog Schengen Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo, uas yog, tus neeg muaj vixaj ntawm lub tebchaws no tuaj yeem mus thoob Tebchaws Europe yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
qauv kev nom kev tswv
Lub teb chaws ntawm Czech koom pheej yog ib lub xeev nrog tus sawv cev kev ywj pheej. Raws li txoj cai tswjfwm zoo li no, cov neeg yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub hwj chim, tab sis ntau lub koom haum sawv cev raug xaiv los tswj hwm lub xeev. Czech koom pheej yog lub koom pheej ywj pheej. Nws lub hwj chim tswj hwm yog tus thawj tswj hwm thiab tsoomfwv. Qhov kawg, dhau los, teb rau Chamber of Deputies.
Tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev Czech yog tus thawj tswj hwm. Pib txij hnub tim 2013-27-01 mus txog rau niaj hnub no, tus ncej no tau nyob los ntawm Milos Zeman. Nws hloov Vaclav Klaus.
Milos Zeman yog ib qho ntawm cov duab ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws hauv European kev nom kev tswv. Xws li kev xav txog nws tau tsim los ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm tus kheej txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab cov lus tsis meej. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias tam sim no tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Czech koom pheej, tsis zoo li feem ntau European politicians, txhawb Russia cov kev ua nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lub tswv yim ntawm Milos Zeman feem ntau khiav tawm tsam cov lus ntawm Brussels. Thiab nws txoj hauj lwm ruaj khov heev.
Raws li rau Czech parliament, nws yog bicameral. Nws suav nrog Chamber of Deputies thiab Senate. Chamber of Deputies tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob puas ntawm nws cov tswv cuab, uas raug xaiv los ntawm cov neeg ib zaug plaub xyoos. Tseem muaj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm proportional sawv cev. Ib feem peb ntawm Senate tau rov ua dua ib zaug txhua ob xyoos. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus ntawm 81 senators tau muab txoj haujlwm rau xyoo.
Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Cai Lij Choj yog tus lav txog cov cai tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Czech. Nws muaj 15 tus kws txiav txim plaub ntug uas muaj lub hwj chim los rhuav tshem cov cai uas cuam tshuam rau lub tebchaws txoj cai lij choj.
Pabneeg
Lub Czech koom pheej tam sim no suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov tebchaws muaj neeg coob. Raws li qhov tseeb txheeb cais, nws cov pejxeem yog me ntsis ntau dua 10 lab tus tib neeg. Ib feem kaum ntawm lawv nyob hauv lub nroog lub xeev - Prague. Tus so ntawm cov pejxeem, ib yam li nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov teb chaws Europe, feem ntau yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lwm lub nroog.
Tau ntau xyoo ua ke, Czech koom pheej tau pom qhov nce tsis tu ncua ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov pejxeem kev loj hlob. Qhov no yog vim qhov txo qis hauv kev tuag thiab nce kev yug menyuam. Ntxiv nrog rau kev loj hlob ntuj, muaj kev nkag mus ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Nws kuj tseem ua rau cov pej xeem ntawm lub xeev European no.
xeev lus
Lub sijhawm tag nrho ib-paus xyoo keeb kwm ntawm Czech koom pheej, ntau haiv neeg thiab pab pawg neeg nyob hauv nws thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no 95% ntawm cov pej xeem yog Czechs. Lawv khaws lawv tej kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws. Kev paub txog keeb kwm keeb kwm, uas Czech koom pheej tuaj yeem txaus siab rau, kuj tseem muaj kev hwm thiab hwm. Cov lus ntawm lub teb chaws yog Czech. Nws tau hais los ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub xeev no, txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau haiv neeg, sawv cev los ntawm Poles thiab Slovaks, gypsies, Germans thiab cov neeg Yudais. Tau kawg, lawv txhua tus yog haiv neeg tsawg, tab sis lawv yog pej xeem tag nrho.lub teb chaws.
Hnub no, cov pej xeem ntawm Czech koom pheej siv peb pawg lus feem ntau los sib txuas lus. Ntawm no cov neeg hais lus East Moravian, Middle Moravian thiab Czech. Lub xeev cov lus ntawm lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm ciaj sia tau ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev poob thiab Germanization. Nws lub rooj txhawb siab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th raws li kev sau ntawv. Tab sis tom qab ntawd Czech tau pib nkag mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam, hloov mus ua lus txhua hnub.
Hnub no, lub xeev cov lus hauv lub tebchaws tau hnov ntawm txoj kev ntawm nws lub nroog. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tub ntxhais hluas hais lus Askiv zoo, thiab cov neeg laus tuaj yeem hloov mus rau German yooj yim.
Lub Nroog Prague
Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws thiab cov chaw ncig tebchaws uas nyiam tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe yog lub peev ntawm Czech koom pheej. Ntau tshaj 6 lab tus neeg ncig tebchaws tuaj xyuas Prague txhua xyoo. Txhua tus neeg uas nkag siab txog architecture thiab txaus siab rau qhov saj ntawm npias aspires mus xyuas lub nroog tus phooj ywg thiab elegant.
Rau lub sijhawm ntev, Prague tau suav tias yog ib lub nroog zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Thiab qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm nws cov npe. Yog li, lub nroog zoo kawg no qee zaum hu ua "Golden Prague" lossis "lub nroog ntawm ib puas spiers", nrog rau "pob zeb npau suav".
Lub peev ntawm Czech koom pheej yog cobbled txoj kev nqaim, zoo nkauj Charles Choj, nrog rau ntau qhov chaw sib txawv.
Hnub tseeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Prague tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais txog kev ncaj ncees uas tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm Vltava thiab Berounka Rivers. Kev tsim ntawm Prague Castle tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 9th. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, Prague tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub peev ntawm Czech lub nceeg vaj. Tus kheejlub nroog tau txais kev loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th, dhau los ua lub peev ntawm Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, Prague tau nyob los ntawm cov neeg German. Txawm li cas los xij, hmoov zoo, kev ua phem ua rau nws thaj chaw tsis tau ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv keeb kwm tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog, lub metro tshwm nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm Czech koom pheej. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov cheeb tsam tshiab tshiab tau mus nrawm nrawm.
Tom qab yeej ntawm Velvet Revolution, Prague tau dhau los ua ib lub nroog nrov tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Nws qhov chaw keeb kwm tau lees paub tias yog UNESCO cuab yeej cuab tam.
Hnub no, cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog Czech koom pheej muaj ntau dua 1.3 lab tus tib neeg uas nyob hauv 15 lub nroog, suav nrog nyob ntawm lawv qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw. Hauv daim duab qhia chaw, lawv tuaj yeem pom tau teem caij raws li lub moos.
kev lag luam ntawm lub tebchaws
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws Czech koom pheej yog kev tsim kho tshuab thiab hluav taws xob, kev lag luam zaub mov thiab ferrous metallurgy, kev pabcuam thiab kev tsim kho. Ib lub xeev tom qab kev vam meej tshaj plaws rau hnub tim yog Czech koom pheej.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tebchaws hauv cov ntsiab lus kev lag luam ua pov thawj rau kev ua tiav thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws txoj kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Tom qab Velvet Revolution, Czech koom pheej tau txais lub zog-tsis muaj zog thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig los ntawm Czechoslovakia. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd, ferrous metallurgy, ua hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom siv raw, nrog rau kev lag luam tub rog thiab kev tsim kho tshuab, tau nyob ntau dhau ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Raws li kev lag luam txawv teb chaws, nws tau tsom mus raucov kev xav tau ntawm USSR, uas feem ntau tuav rov qab kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam.
Txij li thaum muaj kev ywj pheej, tsoomfwv ntawm Czech koom pheej tau hloov pauv qee yam tseem ceeb. Nws tshem tawm cov kev cai hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov nqi, qhia txog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev lag luam ntiag tug, tshem tawm txoj cai ntawm lub xeev kev lag luam txawv teb chaws, nqa tawm privatization thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse. Ua tsaug rau cov peev txheej txawv teb chaws, Czech koom pheej tau ua tiav kev hloov kho tshiab thiab rov tsim kho kev lag luam hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, nrog rau tsim cov kev pabcuam tsim nyog thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse.
Hnub no, Czech koom pheej tab tom ntsib GDP loj hlob sai. Qhov no yog vim kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam sector thiab kev txo qis hauv kev sib koom ntawm ferrous metallurgy thiab industries npaj rau kev ua tub rog. Thaum kev sib koom ntawm kev lag luam tsheb thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nce. Qhov no tau tso cai rau Czech koom pheej kom ncav cuag qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Kev vam meej tau ua tau txawm tias qhov nce sai ntawm cov nqi roj thiab cov roj tuaj rau hauv lub tebchaws.
Nws tsim nyog hais tias qhov loj ntawm kev lag luam tawm txawv teb chaws ib tus neeg hauv lub tebchaws yog siab heev thiab ua ntej ntawm cov tebchaws xws li UK thiab Nyiv, Ltalis thiab Fabkis.
