Ishikawa daim duab pob txha. Causal Diagram: Method Description and Application Features

Cov txheej txheem:

Ishikawa daim duab pob txha. Causal Diagram: Method Description and Application Features
Ishikawa daim duab pob txha. Causal Diagram: Method Description and Application Features
Anonim

Ib qho ntawm xya txoj haujlwm muaj zog thiab cov cuab yeej tswj xyuas zoo yog lub hauv paus ntses ntses ua rau daim ntawv txheeb xyuas. Txoj kev tuaj rau peb los ntawm Nyiv. Thiab nws yog cov cuab yeej no uas ntseeg tau tias tau pab cov khoom lag luam Nyij Pooj nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam thiab ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau nws. Tab sis niaj hnub no, daim ntawv qhia ntses ntses, tseem muaj npe tom qab nws tus neeg nrhiav pom Kaoru Ishikawa, yog siv rau ntau tshaj li kev tshawb fawb cov khoom zoo lossis txhim kho kev muag khoom.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Daim duab Ishikawa Fishbone yog ib txoj hauv kev los yog cov txheej txheem uas siv tau los txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (hauv paus) kev sib raug zoo hauv kev kawm txog qhov xwm txheej lossis teeb meem.

Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem pom kev pom: cov duab sawv cev ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb (teeb meem) nrog rau qhov ua rau cuam tshuam rau nwsinfluence.

Cov duab nraaj no tau muaj npe tom qab ib tus kws paub txog kev tswj hwm nto moo tshaj plaws - tus xibfwb los ntawm Nyij Pooj Kaoru Ishikawa. Nws tsim txoj kev no thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ncig hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Graphically, daim duab zoo li lub cev pob txha ntawm ib tug ntses, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua "ntses pob txha".

ntses skeleton
ntses skeleton

Daim duab Ishikawa hauv kev tswj hwm cov khoom zoo, cov peev txheej lossis cov haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog ntau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas yog:

  • Thaum pib, yuav tsum txheeb xyuas thiab sau tag nrho cov xwm txheej thiab ua rau muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim.
  • Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum muab lawv tso rau hauv cov blocks raws li lub ntsiab lus, ua rau thiab cuam tshuam.
  • Tom ntej no, cov xwm txheej tau nyob hauv txhua qhov thaiv.
  • Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib txheeb xyuas daim duab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, muaj kev tso tawm los ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.
  • Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, yam uas tsis tseem ceeb lossis tsis tseem ceeb yog tsis quav ntsej.
  • daim ntawv qhia
    daim ntawv qhia

Graphic Rules

Thaum kos daim duab pob txha, cov xub loj ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim tau kos rau lub xub kab rov tav, uas qhia txog peb cov khoom ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, uas qhia txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus lossis lawv pawg uas cuam tshuam rau cov khoom. Cov xib xub ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib ob raug coj mus rau cov xub xub ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim, cov xub ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib peb raug coj mus rau lawv, thiab lwm yam kom txog thaum txhua yam cuam tshuam rau qhov khoom lossis qhov xwm txheej raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Nyob rau hauv qhov no, txhua tus xub tom ntej uas cuam tshuam rau xub xub ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yav dhau los yog qhov ua rau, thiab txhua qhov tom ntej yog qhov tshwm sim.

Qhov loj ntawm daim duab thiab nws cov duab tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom raug faib cov subordination thiab kev sib nrig sib dependence ntawm yam.

Thiab tib lub sijhawm, qhov pom cov pob txha loj dua, daim duab zoo dua thiab nyeem tau zoo.

ishikawa zoo tswj daim ntawv
ishikawa zoo tswj daim ntawv

Rule of tsib "M"

Txawm hais tias qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim kho, Ishikawa "pob txha ntses" yuav tsum muaj kev paub zoo txog cov khoom ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, kev nkag siab meej ntawm kev sib nrig sib dependence thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib leeg.

txhawm rau pab txhawb kev tsim kho ntawm cov tswv yim zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem siv txoj cai ntawm tsib "M", uas tau hais los ntawm nws tus kws sau ntawv. Nws nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias thaum txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej tiag tiag, qhov tseem ceeb (hauv paus) ua rau yog cov hauv qab no:

  • txiv neej (neeg) - yog vim li cas uas txuam nrog tib neeg yam.
  • Machines (cov tshuab lossis khoom siv).
  • Materials - yog vim li cas muaj feem xyuam rau cov peev txheej lossis cov khoom siv.
  • Txoj Kev (txoj kev, thev naus laus zis) - laj thawj ntsig txog lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem.
  • Kev ntsuas (ntsuas lossis nyiaj txiag).

Qhov no yog vim li cas daim duab Ishikawa qee zaum hu ua "5M tsom xam".

ntses skeleton daim duab
ntses skeleton daim duab

Brainstorming tool

Cia li pib tsim daim duab pob txha.

Nqa ib daim ntawv loj lossis lub rooj tsavxwm. Los ntawm txoj caisab hauv nruab nrab peb sau qhov teeb meem thiab kos ib kab kab rov tav los ntawm nws. Peb sau tawm cov laj thawj uas cuam tshuam rau qhov teeb meem, thiab kos ntu txuas lawv mus rau kab tseem ceeb. Pib ua hauj lwm ntawm tus xub xaj thib ob.

Qhov laj thawj tib yam tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov ceg sib txawv ntawm daim duab. Nws tshem tawm yuav ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm ob peb zaug ib zaug.

Thiab qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab ua rau pom meej meej los ntawm hierarchy ntawm xub.

Nws yog qhov "ntses pob txha" uas yog ib qho cuab yeej zoo rau kev sib koom tes, lossis kev tawm tswv yim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg koom nrog kev saib xyuas tsis yog tsom rau kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev khuv xim, tab sis ntawm cov lus pom zoo tshwj xeeb los tshem tawm cov laj thawj uas ua rau muaj qhov xwm txheej tam sim no.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tswv yim

Thaum sau thiab txheeb xyuas daim duab Ishikawa, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:

  • Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho, txawm tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab teeb meem. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no nws tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov xwm txheej, thiab yog li tshawb nrhiav qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau nws.
  • Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus raug txheeb xyuas - cov uas cuam tshuam rau qhov xwm txheej tshaj plaws.
  • Thaum cov ntaub ntawv tiav tshaj plaws nkag mus rau hauv daim duab (cov npe ntawm qhov ua rau, hnub tim, cov npe ntawm cov neeg koom, cov npe khoom), qhov xwm txheej lossis teeb meem yuav pom tseeb thiab pom tseeb.
  • Qhov tseem ceeb! Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshuaj xyuas, txhais cov teeb meem thiab cov xwm txheej yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov duab holistic thiab cov kev ua tshwj xeeb lossis cov lus qhia.kev txav uas tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem lossis daws qhov xwm txheej.
  • tsim ib daim duab ishikawa
    tsim ib daim duab ishikawa

pros and cons

Qhov pom tseeb qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev txheeb xyuas graphical yog:

  • Unleashing tus kheej thiab collective creativity.
  • Kev txheeb xyuas txhua qhov cuam tshuam thiab yam uas ua rau muaj teeb meem lossis qhov xwm txheej.
  • Nrhiav txoj kev txawv txawv los daws qhov teeb meem.
  • Simplicity thiab applicability.

Tab sis txoj kev no muaj nws qhov tsis zoo:

  • Tsis muaj txoj cai siv tau. Yog li, nws tsis tuaj yeem taug qab cov saw hlau nyob hauv qhov sib txawv - los ntawm qhov tshwm sim mus rau hauv paus ua rau.
  • Composed "ntses pob txha" tej zaum yuav nyuaj heev lub tswv yim tsis muaj ib tug meej qauv. Qhov no tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tsis suav nrog qhov ua tau ntawm cov lus xaus raug raug.
  • daim duab kab mob
    daim duab kab mob

Lub Ntsiab Golden ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm

Daim duab Ishikawa siv tsis tau tsuas yog hauv kev tswj hwm, kev lag luam thiab kev tswj hwm zoo. Nov yog daim ntawv nkag siab thiab siv tau rau kev teeb tsa txhua qhov ua tau ntawm qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag uas tau tshwm sim, txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv thiab txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev los kho lawv thiab tawm ntawm thaj chaw teeb meem.

Txoj kev ntsuas graphical no tau pom nws cov thwjtim hauv kev kawm thiab tshuaj. Thiab ib qho ntxiv, nws siv tau rau hauv cov xwm txheej yooj yim txhua hnub.

Pom zoo: