Cov kab lus "ozone txheej", uas tau los ua nto moo hauv 70s. xyoo dhau los, tau ntev tau teem rau ntawm ntug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob peb tus neeg yeej nkag siab tias lub tswv yim no txhais li cas thiab vim li cas qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm txheej txheej ozone yog qhov txaus ntshai. Ib qho kev paub tsis meej loj dua rau ntau tus yog cov qauv ntawm cov ozone molecule, thiab tseem nws muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov teeb meem ntawm txheej ozone. Cia peb kawm ntxiv txog ozone, nws cov qauv thiab cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Ozone yog dab tsi
Ozone, lossis, raws li nws tseem hu ua, nquag oxygen, yog cov pa roj azure nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw.
Cov khoom no tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv peb lub xeev ntawm kev sib sau: gaseous, solid and liquid.
Tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, ozone tshwm sim nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa roj, tsim lub thiaj li hu ua ozone txheej. Nws yog vim nws cov xim azure uas lub ntuj tshwm xiav.
Ozone molecule zoo li cas
Koj lub npe menyuam yaus yog " nquagoxygen" ozone tau txais vim nws zoo ib yam li oxygen. Yog li lub ntsiab active tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj no yog oxygen (O). Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov pa oxygen molecule muaj 2 ntawm nws cov atoms, ces ozone molecule (formula - O 3) muaj 3 atoms ntawm lub caij no.
Vim cov qauv no, cov khoom ntawm ozone zoo ib yam li cov pa oxygen, tab sis tshaj tawm. Tshwj xeeb, zoo li O2, O3yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws oxidizer.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom "txuas" no, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg yuav tsum nco ntsoov, yog cov hauv qab no: ozone tsis tuaj yeem ua pa, nws yog tshuaj lom thiab, yog tias nqus tau, tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws puas lossis txawm tua tus neeg.. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, O3 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntxuav cov huab cua los ntawm cov tshuaj lom impurities. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog precisely vim hais tias ntawm no nws yog heev yooj yim mus ua pa tom qab los nag: ozone oxidizes teeb meem tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab nws yog purified.
Tus qauv ntawm ozone molecule (muaj 3 oxygen atoms) zoo li me ntsis zoo li daim duab ntawm lub kaum sab xis, thiab nws qhov loj yog 117 °. Qhov no molecule tsis muaj unpaired electrons thiab yog li diamagnetic. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj polarity, txawm hais tias nws muaj cov atoms ntawm tib lub caij.
Ob lub atom ntawm ib lub molecule muab tau ruaj khov rau ib leeg. Tab sis kev sib txuas nrog tus thib peb tsis tshua muaj kev ntseeg siab. Vim li no, ozone molecule (daim duab ntawm tus qauv tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no) yog qhov tsis yooj yim thiab tsis ntev tom qab tsim nws tawg. Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tawm tsam decomposition O3 oxygen raug tso tawm.
Vim yog qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm ozone, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim tausau thiab khaws cia, nrog rau kev thauj mus los, zoo li lwm yam khoom. Vim li no, nws cov khoom tsim tau kim dua lwm cov tshuaj.
Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm molecules O 3 tso cai rau cov tshuaj no ua tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing muaj zog tshaj, muaj zog dua. oxygen, thiab nyab xeeb dua li chlorine.
Yog tias ozone molecule tawg thiab tso tawm O2, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ib txwm nrog kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau kom cov txheej txheem rov qab los ua qhov chaw (kev tsim ntawm O 3 los ntawm O2), nws yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj. nws tsis tsawg.
Nyob rau hauv lub xeev gaseous, lub ozone molecule decomposes ntawm qhov kub ntawm 70 ° C. Yog tias nws nce mus txog 100 degrees lossis ntau dua, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav nrawm heev. Lub xub ntiag ntawm impurities kuj accelerates lub sij hawm lwj ntawm ozone molecules.
O3 khoom
Txawm hais tias peb lub xeev twg ozone nyob hauv, nws khaws nws cov xim xiav. Cov khoom hnyav dua, qhov nplua nuj thiab tsaus dua qhov ntxoov ntxoo no.
Txhua ozone molecule hnyav 48 g / mol. Nws hnyav dua li huab cua, uas pab cais cov tshuaj no.
O3 muaj peev xwm oxidizing yuav luag txhua cov hlau thiab tsis yog hlau (tshwj tsis yog kub, iridium thiab platinum).
Tsis tas li, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv combustion, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau kub siab dua rau O2.
Ozone muaj peev xwm yaj hauv H2O thiab freons. Hauv cov kua hauv lub xeev, nws tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog kua oxygen, nitrogen, methane, argon,carbon tetrachloride thiab carbon dioxide.
Yuav ua li cas cov ozone molecule tsim
O3 molecules yog tsim los ntawm kev txuas cov pa dawb atoms rau oxygen molecules. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, tshwm sim vim kev sib cais ntawm lwm cov molecules O2 vim muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lawv ntawm hluav taws xob tawm, ultraviolet rays, ceev electrons thiab lwm yam high-zog hais. Vim li no, qhov tshwj xeeb tsis hnov tsw ntawm ozone tuaj yeem hnov zoo nyob ze cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov teeb uas tawm lub teeb ultraviolet.
Ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam, O3 yog cais siv hluav taws xob ozone generators lossis ozonizers. Hauv cov khoom siv no, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob tau dhau los ntawm cov pa roj uas muaj O 2, uas nws cov atoms ua "cov khoom siv hauv tsev" rau ozone.
Qee zaus cov pa ntshiab lossis cua zoo tib yam raug txhaj rau hauv cov tshuab no. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim ozone nyob ntawm qhov purity ntawm thawj cov khoom. Yog li, kev kho mob O3, npaj kho qhov txhab, tsuas yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj ntshiab O2.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm ozone
Tau xam pom tias ozone molecule zoo li cas thiab nws tsim li cas, nws tsim nyog paub txog keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom no.
Nws yog thawj zaug ua ke los ntawm Dutch tus kws tshawb fawb Martin Van Marum nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Tus kws tshawb fawb pom tias tom qab kis hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm lub thawv nrog huab cua, cov roj hauv nws hloov nws cov khoom. Tib lub sijhawm, Van Marum tsis nkag siab tias nws tau cais cov molecules ntawm ib qho tshiabtshuaj.
Tab sis nws cov npoj yaig German hu ua Sheinbein, sim ua kom tawg H2O rau hauv H thiab O2 nrog kev pab ntawm hluav taws xob, pom mus tso tawm cov pa tshiab nrog ib tug pungent tsw. Tom qab kev tshawb fawb ntau, tus kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia txog cov khoom uas nws tshawb pom thiab muab nws lub npe "ozone" rau kev hwm ntawm Greek lo lus "tsim".
Lub peev xwm tua cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob, nrog rau txo cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas qhib cov khoom muaj, txaus siab rau ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. 17 xyoo tom qab qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm O3, Werner von Siemens tsim thawj lub cuab yeej los ua ke ozone hauv txhua qhov ntau. Thiab 39 xyoo tom qab, tus ci ntsa iab Nikola Tesla tau tsim thiab patented lub ntiaj teb thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob ozone.
Nws yog cov cuab yeej no uas tau siv thawj zaug hauv Fabkis hauv cov chaw kho dej haus tom qab 2 xyoos. Txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Teb chaws Europe tab tom pib hloov mus rau ozonation ntawm cov dej haus rau nws purification.
Lub Tebchaws Lavxias teb sab thawj zaug siv cov txheej txheem no hauv xyoo 1911, thiab tom qab 5 xyoos, yuav luag 4 lub kaum os kev teeb tsa rau kev lim dej uas siv ozone tau nruab rau hauv lub tebchaws.
Hnub no, ozonation ntawm dej yog maj mam hloov chlorination. Yog li, 95% ntawm tag nrho cov dej haus nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe yog purified siv O3. Cov txheej txheem no kuj nrov heev hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Hauv CIS, nws tseem tab tom kawm, vim tias txawm hais tias txoj haujlwm no muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab yooj yim dua, nws kim dua li chlorination.
Ozone daim ntawv thov
Ntxiv rau kev kho dej, O3 muaj lwm yam siv.
- Ozone yog siv los ua tshuaj dawb hauv kev tsim cov ntawv thiab textiles.
- Cov pa oxygen yog siv los tua kab mob cawv, nrog rau ua kom cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm cognacs.
- Ntau yam roj zaub tau ua kom zoo siv O3.
- Ntau zaus cov tshuaj no yog siv los ua cov khoom puas tsuaj, xws li nqaij, qe, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Cov txheej txheem no tsis tso cov tshuaj lom neeg, xws li cov tshuaj chlorine lossis formaldehyde, thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem khaws cia ntev dua.
- Ozone sterilizes cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab khaub ncaws.
- Kuj purified O3 yog siv rau ntau yam kev kho mob thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tshwj xeeb, nrog rau kev pab kho hniav, lawv tua cov kab noj hniav thiab cov pos hniav, thiab kho ntau yam kab mob (stomatitis, herpes, qhov ncauj candidiasis). Hauv cov teb chaws Europe O3 yog nrov heev rau kev tua kab mob.
- Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov khoom siv hauv tsev nqa tau los lim cua thiab dej siv ozone tau nrov heev.
Ozone txheej - yog dab tsi?
Nyob deb ntawm 15-35 km saum lub ntiaj teb saum npoo yog txheej ozone, lossis, raws li nws tseem hu ua ozonosphere. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, concentrated O3 ua ib hom lim rau teeb meem hnub ci hluav taws xob.
Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom no tuaj qhov twg yog tias nws cov molecules tsis ruaj khov? Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los teb cov lus nug no, yog tias peb nco qab cov qauv ntawm ozone molecule thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws tsim. Yog li, oxygen, muaj 2oxygen molecules, nkag mus rau hauv lub stratosphere, yog rhuab nyob rau ntawd los ntawm lub hnub lub rays. Lub zog no txaus los faib O2 rau hauv atoms, los ntawm O3 yog tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txheej ozone tsis tsuas yog siv ib feem ntawm lub hnub ci zog, tab sis kuj lim nws, absorbs ultraviolet hluav taws xob txaus ntshai.
Nws tau hais saum toj no tias ozone yaj los ntawm freons. Cov tshuaj gaseous no (siv hauv kev tsim cov deodorants, tua hluav taws thiab tub yees), ib zaug tso rau hauv cov huab cua, cuam tshuam ozone thiab ua rau nws decomposition. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov tshwm sim hauv ozonosphere los ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj hnub ci rays nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob nyob.
Tom qab xav txog cov yam ntxwv thiab cov qauv ntawm ozone molecules, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias cov khoom no, txawm tias txaus ntshai, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg yog siv kom raug.
