Koj puas paub dab tsi yog dab tsi? Cov ntawv tseeb: txhais thiab nta

Cov txheej txheem:

Koj puas paub dab tsi yog dab tsi? Cov ntawv tseeb: txhais thiab nta
Koj puas paub dab tsi yog dab tsi? Cov ntawv tseeb: txhais thiab nta
Anonim

Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb? Dab tsi yog nws cov yam ntxwv, vim li cas cov ntawv nyeem suav tias yog kos duab? Ntau phau ntawv hauv tsev qiv ntawv ntawm tib neeg feem ntau qhia tias kev nyeem ntawv thiab nkag siab txog kev sau ntawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub neej. Peb xav kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm "zaj dab neeg", kawm txog dab tsi genera, hom thiab hom uas nws tau muab faib ua, dab tsi zoo kawg li ntawm nws cov lus. Koj yuav kawm txog txhua yam no thiab ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no.

Zaj lus txhais

dab tsi yog dab neeg
dab tsi yog dab neeg

Yuav luag txhua tus kws sau ntawv theorists txhais tias nws yog kev kos duab, muab piv nrog duab, suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam. Cov kab hauv qab yog tias hauv cov ntaub ntawv, zoo li hauv lwm yam kev kos duab,muaj ib lub koom haum ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj qab hau rau hauv daim ntawv tshiab nrog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Hom kev kos duab sib txawv tsuas yog hauv cov khoom siv: hauv suab paj nruag - suab, pleev xim - xim, hauv architecture - cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha no, cov ntaub ntawv yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv uas nws cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog lo lus thiab lus.

Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv yog tag nrho cov ntawv sau, uas tau muab faib ua pawg. Qhov no yog qhov nrov science, siv, kev kawm, scientific, technical thiab, thaum kawg, ntawv tseeb. Peb ntsib cov tom kawg los ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv thaum tau txais kev paub nrog classics ntawm cov lus tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, thaum ib tug neeg paub qab hau tig mus rau ib phau ntawv txaus siab rau nws. Phau ntawv yog daim iav ntawm haiv neeg. Hauv kev txhais lus dav dav, cov ntawv tseeb yog cov ntawv sau uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj.

Ntxim qab kawg, qhov kev pom no thaum kawg tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th ua tsaug rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm romanticism. Lawv saib qhov tseeb ntawm kev kos duab yog qhov zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb, thiab cov kws sau ntawv yog cov neeg tshwj xeeb.

Thaum twg thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim li cas?

ntawv tseeb yog
ntawv tseeb yog

Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no tau sim nrhiav tau qee lub sijhawm. Nws pib li cas? Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov lus teb, tib neeg tau ua ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb, tsis lees paub thiab ua pov thawj ntau qhov kev xav, txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg tsim. Raws li nws tau muab tawm, classical - Roman thiab Greek - ntawv tseeb tsis yog qhov qub tshaj plaws. Tseem muajSumerian, thiab Egyptian, thiab Babylonian yog refined thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg thaum ub, mythology ntawm tag nrho cov kev vam meej ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Nws yog nrog myths xwb los yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws uas txoj kev kawm ntawm tej ntaub ntawv pib.

Nyob ntawm ntawv tseeb

Muaj peb yam: epic, lyrical thiab ua yeeb yam. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog nyob ntawm seb cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau nthuav tawm li cas rau cov neeg nyeem. Yog hais tias cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia meej, txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus sau raug tshem tawm, muaj ntau cov cim tam sim no, lawv cov tsos tau piav qhia meej, thiab hom kev hais lus tseem ceeb yog piav qhia, ces peb tab tom tham txog cov ntaub ntawv epic. Hauv lwm lo lus, prose. Nws suav nrog cov dab neeg, dab neeg, dab neeg, sau ntawv, novellas thiab lwm yam haujlwm zoo sib xws.

txhais lus tseeb
txhais lus tseeb

Yog tus sau xav qhia tsis ntau txog cov xwm txheej, tab sis txog cov kev xav uas lawv tshwm sim, nws tsim cov haujlwm ntsig txog cov nkauj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau yog yus muaj los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm rhyme, atherosclerosis thiab lwm yam yam ntxwv ntawm lyrics. Hauv cov lus yooj yim, cov nkauj yog cov paj huam thiab lawv cov variations.

Yog hais tias lub ntsiab lus yog piav nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, nws muaj peev xwm ua si nws nyob rau theem, qhia rau tus neeg saib thiab nyeem, peb tab tom tham txog ib tug ua yeeb yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm no lub suab ntawm tus sau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov lus hais - tus sau piav qhia txog kev ua thiab replicas ntawm lub ntsiab cim. Cov yeeb yam muaj xws li ntau yam ua yeeb yam, xwm txheej, comedies.

Kev faib ua ntau yam

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, hom ntawv nyeem, dhau los, suav nrog ntau yam - keeb kwm tsim pab pawg ua haujlwm uas koom ua ke los ntawm qee yam nta. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, dab neeg, dab neeg luv luv, novellas, comedies, paj huam, paj huam. Kuj muaj ib yam li kev pom. Piv txwv li, hom epic ntawm cov tshiab yuav muab faib ua ib hom ntawm utopian tshiab, zaj lus piv txwv tshiab, keeb kwm tshiab, thiab lwm yam. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem muaj ntau heev. Interestingly, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau hom yog nrov, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo dua, ntau tus kws sau ntawv "tsim" yuav yog.

Language as the main feature of works of art

nyeem ntawv tseeb
nyeem ntawv tseeb

Yuav kom nkag siab zoo dua qhov ntawv tseeb yog dab tsi thiab nws cov yam ntxwv zoo li cas, ib tus yuav tsum xav txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov lus. Txog niaj hnub no, hauv kev sau ntawv thuam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm "kev hais lus zoo" thiab "kev ua yeeb yam". Nws yooj yim dua los cia li muab lawv tso rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm "cov lus kos duab".

Kev hais lus zoo nkauj yog ntau hom. Muaj cov qauv sib txawv nrog lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv thiab cov kev cai, uas siv cov cuab yeej sib txawv. Lawv xaiv nyob ntawm tus sau thiab nws lub tswv yim. Txhua tus qauv muaj nws tus kheej "lub ntsej muag" - ib txheej ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb rau nws. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias cov lus thiab kab lus uas tsis suav nrog hauv "lus sau ntawv" tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab - slang, slang lus, lexical units los ntawm ntau yam lus. Qee tus kws sau ntawv ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm lub hom phiaj. Txhua yam kev tshaj tawmua haujlwm zoo nkauj. Cov lus-cov tswv yim yog txhais los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv rau hauv cov lus-duab. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv tseeb kuj muaj xws li kev xav thiab kev qhia. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lwm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ntxiv rau qhov zoo nkauj, yog kev sib txuas lus. Cov lus hauv kev ua yeeb yam tsis yog tsuas yog muab cov ntaub ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyeem kev xav.

Tus sau lub ntsiab yog dab tsi?

Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb? Cia peb sim teb cov lus nug no hauv txoj kev nkag mus tau. Cov ntawv tseeb yog qhov sau los ntawm cov duab zoo tshaj plaws, cov tswv yim, kev xav, cov lus. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov lus yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm tus sau. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, tus sau lub tswv yim, cov ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv yog paub, ib daim duab yog tsim thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg nyob.

ntiaj teb ntawv tseeb
ntiaj teb ntawv tseeb

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Ntseeg

Ntiaj teb cov ntawv tseeb cuam tshuam rau kev tsim tus cwj pwm thiab kev xav hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov neeg nyeem. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev rau exaggerate cov nyhuv uas cov ntawv nyeem muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm tus nyeem ntawv. Kev hais lus kos duab tau ntev los ua ib feem ntawm peb lub neej. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm dabtsi? Dab tsi yog dab neeg? Ua ntej tshaj, nws yog ib zaj dab neeg. Nws yog dhau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam, nqa cov kev paub thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb cov neeg ua ntej. Cov kws sau ntawv zoo tau thov rau tib neeg lub siab thiab tej zaum xav tias qhov kev thov rov hais dua no yuav siv tsis tau rau lawv cov neeg kawm xwb, tab sis kuj rau tib neeg yav tom ntej.

Lavxias teb sab ntawv tseeb
Lavxias teb sab ntawv tseeb

Qhov tseeb tias cov ntawv nyeem tuaj yeem cuam tshuamntawm kev nco qab, txhawb los ntawm ntau yam piv txwv. Feem ntau cov lus kos duab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm riam phom ideological. Hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej thaum ua haujlwm tau siv rau kev tshaj tawm thiab tsim ib qho kev xav. Cov ntawv tseeb yog cov cuab yeej muaj zog uas siv tau los qhia cov qauv, cov cai, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, lub zeem muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tus cwj pwm rau cov ntaub ntawv tau txais.

Zoo kawg

nta ntawm ntawv tseeb
nta ntawm ntawv tseeb

Nyeem ntawv tseeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho tus kheej ntawm txhua tus neeg. Los ntawm cov phau ntawv, tsis hais dab neeg, paj huam los yog ua yeeb yam, cov neeg nyeem kawm txog lub neej, kawm zaj lus qhia, thiab kos kev tshoov siab. Cov ntawv tseeb yog ib lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, kev paub dhau los ntawm cov tiam dhau los, kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm yav dhau los thiab tam sim no. Tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob cov ntaub ntawv suav hais tias yog kev kos duab uas, nrog kev pab ntawm cov lus yooj yim, cuam tshuam rau lub siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hlub rau cov phau ntawv yog instilled los ntawm kev yug me nyuam kuj vim hais tias kev nyeem ntawv txhim kho kev xav, qhia koj xav txog tej xwm txheej thiab kos duab. Txhua phau ntawv uas tau lees paub tias yog classics tsim thiab qhia, muab kev paub, thiab cov ntawv tseeb Lavxias tsis muaj qhov zam.

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