Ireland, ib lub xeev nyob sib ze ntawm Great Britain, tam sim no suav tias yog ib lub tebchaws nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Koom Tes thiab Kev Txhim Kho. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, nws tau dhau los ua qhov chaw nyiam rau cov tub ntxhais kawm txawv tebchaws uas xav mus kawm hauv Western Europe.
Kev kawm hauv Ireland hauv luv luv
Hnub no, cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob ntiaj teb uas txiav txim siab tsiv mus rau Ireland tau nce zuj zus. Qee lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws muaj cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv qib siab thiab kawm tiav. Txoj kev kawm hauv Ireland yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov qauv peb theem. Cov no yog thawj, theem nrab thiab qib 3 kev kawm tau txais hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab. Txij li thaum xyoo 1960, kev kawm tau hloov pauv loj vim kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus. Cov nyiaj pab rau kev kawm hauv Ireland yuav luag tag nrho nrog lub xeev thiab pawg ntseeg. Ntxiv rau cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem, muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntiav hauv lub tebchaws. Cov tsev kawm ntawv ntiav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm tsev neeg thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv zej zog ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Kev Kawm yog yuav tsum tau kawm rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog ntawm rau thiab kaum rau xyoo lossis txog thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav peb xyoos ntawm kev kawm theem ob. Qib 3 kev kawm tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Hauv tebchaws Ireland, kev kawm tau muab faib ua cov theem hauv qab no:
- tsev kawm ntawv theem pib.
- High school.
- Kev kawm qib siab hauv Ireland (Qib 3).
Kev qhia lus yog lus Askiv tshwj tsis yog rau Gaeltacht thiab Gaelscoileanna (Irish cov tsev kawm ntawv, Gaelscoil). Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv no Irish yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev qhia ntawv ntawm txhua qib thiab lus Askiv tau qhia ua hom lus thib ob. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, cov chav kawm feem ntau yog qhia ua lus Askiv. Qee lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj cov chav kawm ib nrab hauv Fabkis, German lossis Spanish. Hauv lub xeev cov tsev kawm ntawv, kev qhia lus Irish tseem yuav tsum tau ua. Muaj kev zam rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas tau siv sijhawm ntev mus txawv tebchaws lossis nyuaj rau kev kawm.
History of the Irish education system
Raws li txoj cai lij choj txhaum cai, Irish Catholics yav dhau los tsis raug tso cai mus koom cov tsev kawm ntawv. Hloov chaw, lawv tau teeb tsa cov rooj sib tham tsis pub lwm tus paub uas tau tuav hauv tsev ntiag tug hu ua "cov tsev kawm ntawv zais cia" ("cov tsev kawm ntawv hedge"). Cov keeb kwm feem ntau pom zoo tias los ntawm nruab nrab-1820s, qhov no yog ib hom kev kawm tau teeb tsa rau 400,000 tus tub ntxhais kawm.
Kev cai lij choj txhaum cai raug tshem tawm hauv 1790sxyoo, uas ua rau "cov tsev kawm ntawv zais cia" raug cai, txawm tias lawv tseem tsis tau txais kev pab los ntawm tsoomfwv lossis nyiaj txiag. Raws li txoj cai, cov tsev kawm ntawv rau Catholics nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm cov kws qhia kev cob qhia pib tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab 1800. Xyoo no tuaj yeem suav tias yog lub sijhawm uas muaj kev kawm hauv tebchaws Ireland. Edmund Ignatius Rice, ib tug Catholic tub txib thiab tus kws qhia ntawv, nrhiav tau ob lub koom haum kev cai dab qhuas. Nws qhib ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv uas raug cai thiab raug cai. Kev qhuab ntuas nyob ntawd nruj heev.
Raws li 1831 Tsim Txoj Cai Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws, tsoomfwv Askiv tau xaiv Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Hauv Tebchaws uas nws txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev kawm zoo thiab kev paub lus Askiv. Tus naj npawb ntawm "cov tsev kawm zais cia" poob qis tom qab xyoo 1831: Cov npis sov Catholic tau txais kev kawm. Cov tsev kawm ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev taw qhia feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lub Koom Txoos Catholic thiab tso cai saib xyuas zoo dua ntawm kev qhia Catholic cov lus qhuab qhia.
Yees kawm ntawv
Kev kawm theem pib feem ntau pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub lossis tsib xyoos. Kev tso npe kawm yog tab tom kawm rau kev kawm thaum yau hauv Ireland thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub lossis tsib xyoos, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm niam txiv.
tsev kawm ntawv theem pib:
- Cov me nyuam (4-5 / 5-6 xyoo).
- Cov me nyuam yau (5-6 / 6-7 xyoo).
- Qib Ib (6-7 / 7-8 xyoo).
- qib 2 (7-8 / 8-9 xyoo).
- Qib Peb (8-9 / 9-10 xyoo).
- Qib Plaub (9-10 / 10-11xyoo).
- qib tsib (10-11 / 11-12 xyoos).
- qib 6 (11-12 / 12-13 xyoos).
Kev Kawm hauv Ireland suav nrog lub voj voog me me - qhov kev kawm peb xyoos ua tiav hauv kev xeem hauv txhua yam kev kawm (kwv yees 10 lossis 11) thaum pib lub Rau Hli (tam sim tom qab kawg ntawm xyoo peb):
- Ib xyoos (hnub nyoog 12-14).
- xyoo thib ob (hnub nyoog 13-15).
- xyoo peb (hnub nyoog 14-16).
Senior Cycle yog ob xyoos los npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm rau kev xeem Matura. Kev ntsuam xyuas tam sim ntawd tom qab xaus xyoo thib rau:
- tsib xyoo (16-18 lossis 15-17).
- rau xyoo (17-19 lossis 16-18).
Txhawm rau npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm rau kev xeem hauv xeev hauv ob qho tib si cov laus thiab cov menyuam yaus, ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj kev xeem lub Ob Hlis txhua xyoo (tseem hu ua kev xeem ua ntej). Qhov xwm txheej no tsis yog kev xeem hauv xeev. Hauv qhov no, cov tuam txhab ywj pheej muab cov ntaub ntawv kuaj xyuas thiab cov txheej txheem ntsuas. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tshwm sim tsis yog yuav tsum tau rau txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Nws nyuaj rau hais tshwj xeeb txog lub sijhawm tau txais kev kawm qib peb. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tus tub ntxhais kawm tab tom kawm, nrog rau cov degree uas tus kws tshaj lij yav tom ntej siv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm muab qhov kwv yees kwv yees: daim bachelor's degree yuav siv sijhawm 3-4 xyoo, kawm tiav qib siab - ntxiv rau lwm 2 xyoo, cov kws kho mob yuav siv sijhawm li 2 txog 6 xyoo - nws nyob ntawm hom thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm. kev tshawb fawb.
kev kawm theem pib
qhov kev kawm rau menyuam yaus muaj nyob hauv txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv. Lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib suav nrog 8 xyoo kev kawm: cov menyuam yau thiab cov laus, qib - txij thawj mus rau thib rau. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau mus kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib ntawm hnub nyoog plaub thiab kaum ob, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis tas yuav tsum tau mus txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog rau xyoo. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lawv pib kawm thaum muaj peb xyoos.
Vim tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv qib qis uas tau txais nyiaj txiag pej xeem yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm pawg ntseeg. Irish txoj cai tso cai rau cov tsev kawm ntawv no los txiav txim siab txog kev ntseeg yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag. Cov chaw tsim tsa uas muaj kev sib tw ntau lub rooj zaum feem ntau xaiv lees txais Catholics tshaj cov tsis yog Catholics, ua rau nyuaj rau lwm tsev neeg.
Ireland qhov kev kawm thawj zaug feem ntau ua tiav ntawm lub tebchaws, ntau txoj kev ntseeg, gaelscoil lub tsev kawm ntawv (qhov chaw kawm yog qhia hauv Irish) lossis tsev kawm npaj:
- Cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws tau muaj txij li pib qhia kev kawm theem pib. Lawv feem ntau yog saib xyuas los ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab feem ntau suav nrog cov pov thawj hauv zos hauv lawv cov kev kawm. Lo lus "lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws" nyob rau xyoo tas los no tau dhau los ua qhov sib piv nrog cov tsev kawm theem qis hauv qee qhov kev nkag siab.
- Gaelscoil yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab uas tshwm sim nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Irish yog hom lus tseem ceeb hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv no. Lawv txawv ntawm Irish lub teb chaws cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv uas lawv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub koom haum yeem "Foras Pátrúnachta na Scoileanna Lán-Ghaeilge" es tsis yog diocesan patronage. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawvtuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau qhov peculiarities ntawm kev kawm hauv Ireland.
- Cov tsev kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb yog lwm qhov kev tsim kho tshiab. Lawv feem ntau qhib thaum niam txiv thov. Yog li, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm txhua txoj kev ntseeg thiab keeb kwm yav dhau tuaj yeem tau txais kev kawm dawb.
- Npaj yog cov tsev kawm ntawv ywj pheej, them tus nqi uas tsis tso siab rau tsoomfwv cov nyiaj txiag. Lawv feem ntau ua haujlwm los npaj cov menyuam yaus rau kev nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv ywj pheej lossis kev yeem. Lawv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv patronage ntawm kev cai dab qhuas kev cai.
Secondary education
Cov tub ntxhais hluas nkag mus kawm theem siab thaum muaj kaum ob xyoos. Feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav kev kawm theem nrab, nrog kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov neeg kawm tiav tau txais kev xeem zaum kawg, daim ntawv pov thawj kawm tiav, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16-19 xyoo (xyoo 6 ntawm tsev kawm theem nrab). Hauv tebchaws Ireland, kev kawm theem nrab feem ntau ua tiav hauv ib ntawm plaub hom tsev kawm:
- Cov tsev kawm ntawv siab yeem lossis tsuas yog "cov tsev kawm theem siab" yog cov tswv thiab tswj hwm los ntawm cov zej zog kev ntseeg lossis cov koom haum ntiag tug. Lub xeev them nyiaj rau cov kws qhia ntawv cov nyiaj hli thiab tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm lwm cov nuj nqis. Cov tsev kawm ntawv no pab rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv theem nrab feem ntau.
- Cov tsev kawm ua haujlwm. Muaj thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm thiab Kev cob qhia.
- Cov tsev kawm ntawv tiav lossis "cov tsev kawm hauv zej zog" tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1960, feem ntau los ntawm kev sib txuas cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab kev ua haujlwm. Lawv tau nyiaj los ntawm lub xeev thiabtswj los ntawm pawg sab laj.
- Gaelcholaiste lossis Gaelcholaistí yog cov tsev kawm theem ob rau Irish kev kawm theem nrab hauv cov zej zog hais lus Askiv.
Type of educational programs
Lub voj voog me me tsim los ntawm kev kawm tau los ntawm qib pib thiab xaus nrog daim ntawv pov thawj. Lub sijhawm no feem ntau pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 lossis 13 xyoos. Qhov kev xeem ntawv pov thawj junior raug coj tom qab peb xyoos ntawm kev kawm. Peb tab tom tham txog kev xeem hauv Askiv, Irish, lej thiab science, nrog rau lwm yam kev kawm. Qhov no feem ntau yog keeb kwm kos duab, German, Fabkis, Mev, Italian, Latin, Greek, suab paj nruag, kev tshawb fawb lag luam, thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam, keeb kwm, thaj chaw, pej xeem pej xeem thiab kev ntseeg kev ntseeg. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev xaiv xaiv thiab yuav tsum tau kawm nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau paub txog kaum qhov kev kawm.
Kev Hloov Pauv Xyoo yog ib qho kev kawm tsis yog ib xyoos uas tuaj koom los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm coob zuj zus, feem ntau muaj hnub nyoog 15-16. Nws muaj nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb. Xyoo no tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua hauv qee lub tsev haujlwm. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem tuaj koom cov chav kawm, tab sis lawv tsis suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev xeem laus lossis kev kawm tiav.
Lub voj voog Senior tsim nyob rau hauv Junior Cycle thiab ua tiav nrog Senior Certificate Final Examination. Feem ntau, cov tub ntxhais kawm pib lawv txoj kev kawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15-17, tom qab kawg ntawm lub voj voog junior.los yog hloov xyoo. Kev xeem ntawv kawm tiav yog coj tom qab ob xyoos ntawm kev kawm, feem ntau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17-19. Tom qab xeem dhau qhov kev xeem kawm tiav, cov tub ntxhais hluas tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog. Kev kawm ntxiv hauv tsev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm ua tau.
kev kawm qib 3 (Irish kev kawm qib siab)
Ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Ireland muab Kev Kawm Qib 3. Cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab thev naus laus zis, nrog rau cov tsev kawm qib siab, tau txais nyiaj ntau los ntawm lub xeev. Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau tshaj li kaum ob lub tsev kawm ntawv ntiav uas muab kev kawm ntxiv hauv Ireland:
- University sector. Irish universities yuav luag tag nrho cov nyiaj los ntawm lub xeev, tab sis feem ntau yog ywj siab ntawm nws. Muaj xya lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tebchaws Ireland.
- Lub tshuab thev naus laus zis muaj cov koom haum thev naus laus zis uas muaj cov kev kawm hauv qab no: kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb, engineering, lus Askiv thiab suab paj nruag. Muaj 14 lub tsev kawm txuj ci thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws.
- Colleges. Ntxiv rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas tau txais nyiaj txiag los ntawm pej xeem, ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv them nqi kawm ntawv muaj cov chav kawm ntxiv, feem ntau hauv kev cob qhia ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam. Qee lub koom haum no ua haujlwm nrog cov koom haum lossis cov koom haum tshaj lij. Lwm tus muab kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib. Lawv muab 3-xyoo Bachelor of Education degree thiab 18-hli Diploma ntawm Kev Kawm. Cov kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm theem pib feem ntau tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav tom qab kawm tiav qib siab.
Postgraduate studies
PhD tuaj yeem yog kev qhia lossis tshawb fawb. Nws feem ntau poob rau hauv ib qho ntawm ntau pawg:
- Postgraduate Diploma: feem ntau yog ib qho kev kawm txuj ci ua ke nrog kev qhia.
- Master's degree: ib qho kev kawm lossis ib daim ntawv tshawb fawb dav dav. Kev tswj kav feem ntau kav ib xyoos lossis ob xyoos. Nws suav nrog cov ntawv teev lus thiab thesis.
- Ph. D.: Cov kws kho mob qib siab tau txais txiaj ntsig rau kev tshaj tawm raws li kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Kev cob qhia yuav siv sijhawm tsawg kawg 3 xyoos. Cov ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum yog thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tshawb fawb.
kev kawm deb
Kev kawm nyob deb hauv Ireland lossis kev kawm online yog hom uas tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm feem ntau lossis tag nrho cov chav kawm yam tsis tau mus ntsib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Hauv qhov no, cov tub ntxhais kawm sib txuas lus nrog cov kws qhia ntawv thiab lwm tus tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm e-mail, rooj sib tham hauv hluav taws xob, kev sib tham hauv video, chav sib tham, cov lus sib tham, cov lus tam sim, thiab lwm yam kev sib tham hauv computer.
Cov kev pab cuam feem ntau suav nrog kev kawm online thiab cov cuab yeej los tsim cov chav kawm virtual. Tus nqi ntawm kev kawm nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Undoubtedly, ntawm no tus menyuam kawm ntawv yog rawscov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev nyob thiab kev thauj mus los. Qhov kev xaiv nyob deb kuj yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo rau cov neeg uas twb muaj haujlwm lawm tab sis tseem xav tau lossis xav tau kev kawm ntxiv.
Zoo kawg
Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias thawj, theem nrab thiab qib siab kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Ireland yog pawg teem nyob rau theem siab, uas tej zaum yuav zoo xam tau tias yog ib tug zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Northern Europe. Hauv tebchaws Ireland xyoo 2008, muaj xya lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm 500 lub tsev kawm qib siab hauv ntiaj teb, raws li Times Higher Education magazine.
