Txoj siv Slutsk (duab ntawm sab laug) yog lub teb chaws cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Belarusians, lub cim keeb kwm thiab hom ntawm lub teb chaws, nrog rau cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj tsawg heev ntawm lawv nyob rau niaj hnub Belarus.
Piv txwv li, cov hlua ntawm Russia, Ukraine thiab Lithuania tau nthuav tawm ntawm National Art Museum hauv Minsk tau ntau xyoo. Yog li, cia peb nco ntsoov tias daim duab no tsim tau li cas thiab txoj hmoo tau tos nws.
Ua txhaum ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb
Keeb kwm ntawm Slutsk txoj siv sia rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 16th, hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws yog cov kws tshawb fawb tom qab ntawd los ua qhov laj thawj rau lawv cov tsos. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau hais tias cov chav kawm gentry los ntawm cov neeg steppe thaum ub, uas yog paub los ntawm cov annals ntawm Romans thiab Greeks - cov Sarmatians. Nws yog qhov kev xav no uas tau ua lub zog rau kev txhim kho lub tswv yim tshiab hauv xyoo pua 17th - Sarmatism. Cov aristocrats nyiam cov lus no, thiab lawv pib xav txog lawv tus kheej cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg steppe, thiab cov neeg - cov neeg los ntawmSlavs thiab B alts.
Vim cov neeg Sarmatians yog ib haiv neeg los ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, cov hlua khi, uas tau los ntawm Persia thiab Qaib Cov Txwv nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, tau los ua neeg nyiam heev. Xws li ib txoj siv tau suav hais tias yog lub cim ntawm kev nplua nuj thiab lub zog ntawm nws tus tswv, nrog rau cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khaub ncaws hu ua "Sarmatian". Yog li, nws yog qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm Slutsk txoj siv sia tshwm sim.
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Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, cov gentry hauv Tebchaws Meskas suav txog li 15% ntawm cov pejxeem. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev thov rau Turkish silk siv yog loj heev. Thiab, raws li lawv hais, kev thov tsim khoom.
Tom qab ntawd tus hetman ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania Mikhail Kazimir Radzivil tau tso lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub raws li tus qauv Turkish hauv tebchaws Belarusian. Nyob rau hauv 1757, nyob rau hauv nws kev txiav txim, ib tug loom tau nyiag tawm ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntawd tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tseem xav tau yog ib tug tswv uas paub yuav ua li cas tiv nrog technology thiab paub Turkish kev lis kev cai. Thiab qhov no tau pom. Hovhannes Madzharyants yog tus tswv ntawm Istanbul, uas tom qab ntawd nyob hauv nroog Stanislav. Cov neeg hu nws Jan Madzharsky. Yog li thawj Slutsk txoj siv sia tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Lub Hoobkas (manufactory) yog Ameslikas nyob rau hauv Nesvizh, tab sis tom qab ntawd (nyob rau hauv 1762) nws tau tsiv mus rau Slutsk. Nyob ntawd nws ua hauj lwm tas sij hawm. Li no lub npe khoom siv.
Thaum pib, tsuas yog tus tswv los ntawm Istanbul ua haujlwm hauv Slutsk manufactory. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, hauv zos weavers kuj mastered thev naus laus zis, thiab oriental ornaments thiabcov qauv ntawm txoj siv tawv tau hloov los ntawm cov motifs hauv zos.
Nees nkaum tsib xyoos (txij li xyoo 1781) tus neeg xauj tsev ntawm lub Hoobkas yog Leon Madzharsky, tus tub ntawm tus tswv Turkish uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Belarusian. Rau kev txuas ntxiv ntawm nws txiv txoj haujlwm, nrog rau kev ua tiav siab thiab ua tiav hauv daim teb no, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv xeev, tau txais lub npe ntawm chamberlain thiab lub npe ntawm gentry.
Kev txawj ntawm cov neeg weaving hauv zos loj hlob los ntawm kev dhia thiab ciam teb. Yog li, ob tog plaub-ntsej muag Slutsk siv tau los ua qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom. Xws li ib qho khoom muaj ntau yam: nws tau hnav ob qho tib si rau hnub so thiab kev quaj ntsuag. Raws li Turkish kev lis kev cai, tsuas yog txiv neej tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus tswv.
Raws li kev ntseeg nrov, yog poj niam txhais tes kov cov xov kub lossis nyiaj, lawv dim. Yog li ntawd, cov poj niam tseem tsis tau tso cai los ze rau lub loom. Yuav kom paub cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov txiv neej underwed xya xyoo ntawm kev cob qhia. Thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb tias lawv txoj kev lag luam tsuas yog los xaws. Tag nrho cov qauv thiab ornaments tau tsim los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam sib cais.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Txoj siv tau dhau los ua ib yam khoom tsim nyog hauv khaub ncaws ntawm txhua tus neeg hwm tus kheej. Cov khoom ntawm Slutsk manufactory nyiam kev vam meej thiab sai sai tshem tawm lawv cov neeg sib tw sab hnub tuaj ntawm kev ua lag luam. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam ua rau cov neeg nyob sib ze rov ua qhov kev vam meej.
Yog li ntawd, Vajntxwv kav tebchaws Stanislav Lub yim hli ntuj Poniatowski tau txiav txim siab los qhib lub tuam txhab xaws hauv nroog Grodno. Thiab nws nug Radzivils rau tus tswv uas tuaj yeem npaj ntau lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yogtsis kam. Tab sis, txawm tias qhov no, lub Hoobkas hauv Grodno qhib. Slutsk txoj siv sia pib ua cuav nyob txhua qhov chaw: los ntawm Warsaw mus rau Fabkis lub nroog Lyon.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom cuav, lub Hoobkas Radzivilov pib sau lawv cov khoom. Yog li, txhua txoj siv Slutsk tau cim nrog cov ntawv sau uas qhia qhov chaw tsim khoom: "Kuv fecit Sluciae" lossis "Sluck". Thaum lub tebchaws Belarusian yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws - "Hauv nroog Slutsk."
Sunset ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom
Tab sis lub sijhawm phem tau los rau Slutsk manufactory. Qhov thib peb kev faib ntawm lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv 1795 tau txais kev pab raws li qhov pib ntawm lub yeej txheej txheem ntawm Fabkis zam. Lub assortment ntawm Slutsk txoj siv sia tau txo qis. Thaum xub thawj lawv tsuas muab zais rau hauv lub hauv siab, ces lawv pib pub dawb rau cov tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev teev ntuj tag nrho. Qee qhov raug hlawv kom tau txais cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig. Ib txoj siv Slutsk muaj txog li ib puas grams nyiaj thiab kub.
1831 yog qhov hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom. Tom qab kev tawm tsam, cov tub ceev xwm Lavxias tau txwv tsis pub hnav khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws, thiab yog li ntawd, siv hlua. Xyoo 1848 lub Hoobkas hauv Slutsk raug kaw.
suav los ntawm units
Belarusian keeb kwm Adam Maldis suav tias thaum lub sijhawm nws muaj sia nyob Slutsk Hoobkas tsim txog 5 txhiab txoj siv sia. Thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv yog tshwj xeeb thiab unrepeatable. Tom qab cov hlua khi tau poob lawv cov kev siv tswv yim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lawv tau los ua tus nqi kos duab. Ob lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov neeg sau ntiag tug tau pib sau lawv. Piv txwv li, tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab tub luam Shchukin nto moo thiab zoorau ob xyoo lawm nws mus yos hav zoov rau lawv thiab yuav lawv los ntawm Vilna thiab Warsaw antiquarians. Nws tau muab nws cov khoom sau rau hauv Lub Xeev Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej. Thiab, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws muaj 60 ntu thiab 80 tag nrho txoj siv sia.
Muaj pov thawj keeb kwm tias xyoo 1939, 32 txoj siv sia tau khaws cia hauv Nesvizh tsev fuabtais ntawm Radzivils, ntawm 16 yog los ntawm Slutsk. Cov khoom sau tau raug xa mus rau Lub Xeev Art Gallery ntawm BSSR. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm German, nws ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib qho chaw.
Hnub no, tsuas yog 11 txoj siv sia nyob thoob plaws tebchaws Belarus, ntawm 5 yog Slutsk, thiab tus so yog cov ntawv luam tawm txawv teb chaws. Feem ntau, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem sau npe tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom kos duab no nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
Hnub no hauv Slutsk
Txij li xyoo 2012, sawv cev ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm, Lub Xeev Txoj Haujlwm tau ua haujlwm hauv Belarus, txoj haujlwm uas yog los kho cov kab lig kev cai thiab thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov hlua Slutsk.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qub manufactory muaj cov tsev ntawm RUE "Slutsk Belts". Lub tuam txhab no tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1930 raws li ib tug artel uas koom ua ke embroiderers thiab weavers uas koom nyob rau hauv pej xeem crafts thiab muaj cov kev txawj ntse thiab craftsmanship. Nyob rau hauv 2011, lub tuam txhab ua kev zoo siab rau nws 75th hnub tseem ceeb. Cov khoom tseem ceeb uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas yog cov ntaub pua chaw pw, phuam da dej, napkins, menyuam roj hmab thiab souvenirs. Tag nrho cov no yog ua los ntawm tes ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb looms - "krosny".
Txij li xyoo 2012, cov nroj tsuag Slutsk pib tsim cov ntawv luam ntawm Slutsk txoj siv sia, nrog rauntau yam khoom plig nrog lawv cov motifs (cov khoom siv rau cov phau ntawv, cov yawm sij, xov tooj, kos duab panels, thiab lwm yam). Ntau xyoo ntawm kev kawm txog cov secrets ntawm weavers thiab artistic nta ntawm masterpieces ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tsis nyob rau hauv vain - lub tuam txhab recreated ib tug ntev-tsis nco qab lawm technology. Yog li ntawd, thawj Slutsk siv (daim duab) - ib tug zoo tagnrho luam ntawm ib tug keeb kwm masterpiece - tau nthuav tawm rau Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus. Niaj hnub no nws decorates lub Independence Palace.
Cov khoom ntawm "Slutsk siv" yog nrov heev niaj hnub no. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem yuav cov ntaub pua tsev zoo nkauj, Belarusian phuam da dej, napkins thiab ntau ntxiv. Thiab cov no tsis yog ib yam nkaus xwb, tab sis tej hauj lwm tiag tiag ntawm kos duab.
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Slutsk Belts
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag cov ntawv theej thiab cov seem ntawm cov masterpieces, cov qauv niaj hnub, nrog rau saib seb lawv ua li cas.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Slutsk Belts suav nrog ntau lub tsev. Thawj cheeb tsam yog "Plasts of History". Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom yuav ua li cas cov tsos ntawm Slutsk txoj siv sia hloov pauv lub sijhawm sib txawv, ntawm cov neeg sib txawv.
Lub Slutsk Belt cheeb tsam boasts ib tug thawj ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab los ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, nrog rau nws cov ntawv luam thiab cov khoom tawg. Thiab nyob rau hauv seem "Kev Tsim Kho" koj tuaj yeem paub txog lub xeev kev tsim khoom ntawm lub xyoo pua XVIII.
Lub tsev "Fragment of the Radzivils Palace" yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev fuabtais Nesvizh lub sijhawm ntawd. Tom qab tag nrho, lub Radzivils yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug ntawm cov richest, feem ntau influential thiab noble tsev neeg Polish-Lithuanian. Lawv lub tsev fuabtais tau muab cov rooj tog zoo nkauj, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog canvasesnto moo artists thiab npog nrog Persian ntaub pua plag. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov nom tswv chamber nyob rau hauv lub "Tib neeg lub zos", koj kuj pom tau hais tias lub neej zoo li cas rau tib neeg.
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj lub tshuab tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm German tuam txhab Mageba, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau rov tsim Slutsk txoj siv sia. Nws yog tswj los ntawm ob lub computer, muaj 6 shuttles thiab 1200 threads. Tsis muaj analogues ntawm lub tshuab zoo li hauv ntiaj teb no.
Nyob nqe
Hnub no Slutsk txoj siv sia tau rov tsim dua siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Cov masterpieces no raug nqi pes tsawg? Raws li cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub Hoobkas, cov ntawv luam ntawm Slutsk siv yuav raug nqi los ntawm 10 mus rau 50 lab Belarusian rubles. Nws yog los ntawm 1000 txog 5000 USD.
Tsis pheej yig, peb yuav hais. Tus nqi li no los ntawm qhov twg? Txawm niaj hnub no, nrog rau kev siv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, nws ua haujlwm ntau heev. Nws yuav siv li 60 teev los tsim ib txoj siv sia! Cov txheej txheem siv cov xov nyias nyias ntawm cov txhob lo lo ntxhuav uas muaj nyiaj thiab kub. Thiab yog tias koj nce qhov ntau lawm ceev, lawv tuaj yeem tawg. Tus nqi kawg yog ntxiv nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm txoj siv, nrog rau cov nyiaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo siv los xaws nws.
