KGB yog tsab ntawv paub zoo rau Lavxias, thiab tsis yog pej xeem xwb. Txawm tias tam sim no, nyob rau hauv kev hais lus ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam, peb tsab ntawv no dhau mus, qhia txog qhov muaj lossis kev koom tes ntawm ib qho kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias Federation hauv qhov no lossis qhov ntawd. Tab sis dab tsi yog KGB ua lub koom haum hauv xeev?
Lub hauv paus, lub hom phiaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm KGB ua lub tuam tsev nyob hauv USSR
Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws ntawm USSR tau tsim tsa xyoo 1954 los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Sab Laj nyob hauv Union ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics kom tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, kev txawj ntse, sab hauv thiab sab nraud, thiab tiv thaiv ciam teb thoob plaws hauv USSR, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv cov thawj coj ntawm CPSU (uas tom qab ntawd raug tshem tawm thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm KGB).
KGB kev coj noj coj ua
Nws kuj yog qhov nthuav tias Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Lub Xeev nws tus kheej tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog tsoomfwv lub cev, tab sis zoo li zoo li lub tuam tsev hauv qab uas twb muaj lawm. Tsoom fwv ntawm USSR. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no, raws li cov dab neeg ntawm qee cov keeb kwm, yog qhov kev xav ntawm "sab saum toj" los tswj cov koom haum kev ruaj ntseg, tshem tawm lawv txoj kev ywj pheej thiab ua tiav lawv tus kheej rau lawv tus kheej. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab thiab cov lus txiav txim tau raug xa mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Xeev, nrog rau tag nrho lwm cov pab pawg thiab tsoomfwv lub koom haum. Yog li ntawd, cov lus nug ntawm qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub qauv no tseem qhib.
Tsis tas li ntawd tsis pub tsawg dua yog cov qauv zoo li NKVD. Nws yog ib qho qauv uas ua ntej KGB. Daim duab ID yog qhia saum toj no.
Kev Pabcuam ID ntawm KGB ntawm USSR: nws zoo li cas thiab cov lus piav qhia tag nrho
Daim ntawv qhia tag nrho ntawm daim ntawv no tuaj yeem ua yog tias koj pom ntawm koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag. Tau kawg, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Xeev tsis tau nthuav tawm lawv daim ID, yog li ntau tus pom lawv tsuas yog sab nraud, thiab tsis yog los ntawm sab hauv. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm tus ID?
Cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim
Outwardly, USSR KGB ID daim npav zoo li daim pib liab nrog lub cim ntawm Union ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics rau nws. Feem ntau, tsuas yog nws lub ntsej muag txaus rau tus tswv ntawm daim ntawv mus rau qhov chaw nws xav tau, lossis txawm tias nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv zais cia, yog tias nws txoj haujlwm tso cai rau nws. Feem ntau tsuas yog cov pej xeem zoo tshaj plaws tau thov kom pom daim ntawv pov thawj tag nrho, thiab qhov no "pov tseg" rau lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm USSR State Security Committee. Vim li cas, koj nug?
Vim tias ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm KGB yog kev tawm tsam tsuas yog cov phooj ywg pej xeem uas tsis nyiam lossis saib tsis taus cov cai ntawm Soviet Union, ua kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Soviet thiab ua txhaum lub hauv paus qhia los ntawm cov tswv cuab. ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU, raws li cov cai yooj yim ntawm lub xeev.
"Lub insides" ntawm USSR KGB daim ntawv pov thawj (piv txwv)
Ntawm sab laug ntawm lub ces kaum koj tuaj yeem pom daim npav 3 x 4, lees paub los ntawm kev luam ntawv. Nws yog lub foob no uas tau lees tias daim ntawv pov thawj yog tus neeg no thiab tsis muaj lwm tus. Muaj ib feem ntawm lub foob rau ntawm daim duab nws tus kheej, yog li nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua daim npav ID los ntawm kev nrhiav nws ntawm txoj kev (thiab qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum USSR KGB daim npav ID poob tawm ntawm lub hnab ris ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm caum).
Tseem kuj muaj ib lub cim ntawm lub Union ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics nrog ib tug rab ntaj thiab ib tug rauj - lub ntsiab cim ntawm lub xeev lub sij hawm. Lub kos npe rau ntawm lub xeev department, nyob rau hauv uas lub cim ntawm lub USSR nyob, yog me ntsis loj dua kom nws pom tseeb hais tias tus qauv ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm koom. Hauv qab no yog daim duab ntawm USSR KGB ID.
Cov ntaub ntawv tus lej txhais tau tias tus neeg twg ntawm tus as khauj tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj no, feem ntau kuj txhais tau tias "theem nkag mus" ua ke nrog cov kab ntawv no. Nyob rau sab laug, ib daim ntawv pov thawj KGB tau sau (pom hauv daim duab), nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib daim ntawv (nws feem ntau qhia thaum nws tawm, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm uas nws tau muab). Piv txwv li, RS series (raws li hauv daim duab) tau muab rau cov thawj cojcov neeg ua haujlwm.
Cov npe ntawm tus tswv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau sau ua cov ntawv sau zoo nkauj, los ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb, thiab tsis yog los ntawm tes, txhawm rau hais txog "cov neeg tseem ceeb" ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj no. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm KGB ntawm lub USSR, daim ntawv kuj tau sau nrog ib tug ntaus ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub npe tag nrho yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug KGB tub ceev xwm (piv txwv li, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov "KGB tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub Council of Ministers ntawm lub USSR"), raws li zoo raws li kos npe thiab foob ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub State Security Committee nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav. lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj.
KGB cov haujlwm tom qab nws tsim
Needless hais, KGB tso cai rau nws tus kheej ntau dhau, raws li nws yog kiag li subordinate rau Party, thiab raws li koj paub, "lub tog yog ib tug, zoo li Leej Txiv", thiab yuav ua li cas nws xav.
Nyob rau hauv lub 50s, nrog kev pab los ntawm KGB, nws tswj kev tawm tsam hauv Hungary nrog kev pab los ntawm KGB thiab ntes yuav luag tsib txhiab tus neeg tawm tsam Hungarian - cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam uas tsuas yog xav ua kom pom tseeb tias ib tus neeg. yog nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim uas yog kiag li tsis muaj peev xwm los tswj lub teb chaws, tab sis txaus siab rau lub Soviet Union. Qhov kev tawm tsam tau raug txwv tsis pub muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog ntshav heev: raws li qhov tseeb tseeb, rov qab los ntawm KGB cov ntaub ntawv, nws tau paub tias tsawg kawg 350 tus neeg, qee cov neeg tawm tsam tshaj tawm, raug tua. Lawv nyuam qhuav tsa cov neeg mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam no, yuam cov neeg taug kev.
Hauv 60s, KGB tau thov tias nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant tsis ntau tshaj li cov neeg saib xyuas thiab cov tswj hwm. Tsis muaj cov pov thawj rau qhov kev lees paub no, tab sisKev tua cov neeg tawm tsam, raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, KGB tsis koom nrog. Raws li tus neeg sawv cev KGB, lawv tsuas yog saib rau "cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam" thiab rau lawv raug ntes.
Hauv 80s, muaj "kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam" uas ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm Soviet Union. Txhua yam tau siv - los ntawm kev ua phem rau lub cev los ntawm kev quab yuam rau ib tug neeg los ntawm kev hem thawj rau tsev neeg, nrog rau kev ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev xa tawm ntawm USSR. Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov no tau dhau los ua zais thiab zais ntau dua.
Ua raws li cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb: cov kws sau ntawv, kws ua yeeb yam, nrog rau ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Raws li piv txwv li, Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, ib tug kws physicist, raug xa mus rau exile nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Nizhny Novgorod (yav tas los Gorky) rau "kev tawm tsam-Soviet kev ua si" rau yuav luag 7 xyoo thiab nyob rau hauv lub nruj tswj ntawm lub KGB.
