Puas tau cog lus rau koj tus kheej tias yuav pib ua ib yam dab tsi tom ntej Monday, hli tom ntej… xyoo tom ntej? Tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv tsis txawm sim ua lag luam, lossis sai sai txhua yam raug tso tseg. Yog li nws yog nrog kev kawm lus txawv teb chaws: thaum xub thawj peb muaj kev txaus siab, thiab tom qab ntawd thawj qhov teeb meem pib tshwm sim - thiab peb pib nrhiav kev zam ua tsis muaj dab tsi.
Thiab yog tias muaj coob tus neeg tseem kawm lus Askiv nrog kev tu siab hauv ib nrab, ces cov xwm txheej hauv German ntshai yuav luag txhua tus thaum pib kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav txog nws, nws tsis yog txhua yam uas txaus ntshai. Tom qab tag nrho, peb hom lus yog Russian. Thiab nws muaj ntau li rau tus neeg mob thiab peb poj niam txiv neej ntawm cov lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis nco qab txog cov plural. Thiab hauv German txhua yam zoo ib yam, tab sis tsuas muaj plaub qhov xwm txheej, koj tuaj yeem tiv tsis tau li cas? Yog li cia peb pib tam sim no.
Tsis zoo li Lavxias, cov xwm txheej hauv German tau qhia nrog kev pab ntawm tsab xov xwm, tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lub npe. Raws li rau adjectives thiab pronouns, lawv xauspom zoo rau rooj plaub, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb hauv lawv cov lus qhia tseem muab rau cov ntawv. Qhov xaus es xav txog lub npe raug txhais. Yog li, muaj cov xwm txheej hauv qab no ntawm cov lus German:
- Nominative (Nominative) - qhia cov ncauj lus lossis khoom,
- Genitive (Genetiv) - yog lwm rooj plaub hauv German siv ntau zaus, qhov no qhia meej meej thiab teb cov lus nug "leej twg?".
- Dative (Dativ) - nws kuj yog feem ntau cov lus Lavxias, thiab qee zaum txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv prepositional. Thaum lwm qhov xwm txheej hauv German feem ntau zoo ib yam li Lavxias, "Dativ" yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog. Feem ntau, nws yog siv rau cov khoom uas qhov kev txiav txim tau hais hauv kab lus, thiab rau qhov xwm txheej uas teb cov lus nug "qhov twg?".
- Accusative (Akkusativ) - feem ntau yog siv los qhia cov khoom uas qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov khoom hauv German kab lus raug coj mus. Nws kuj tuaj yeem nthuav qhia qhov xwm txheej yog tias nws teb lo lus nug "qhov twg?".
ua haujlwm hauv kab lus no. Kuj tseem siv tau rau daim ntawv thov uas piav qhia cov ntsiab lus, predicate (nominal predicate) thiab chaw nyob. Cov. Lub German "Nominativ" yog kiag li sib npaug rau Lavxias teb sab "cov npoj yaig".
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov xwm txheej hauv German tau nthuav tawm los ntawm cov ntawv, yog li kom nkag siab yooj yim, kuv muab lub rooj rau koj nrog hloov cov lus los ntawm rooj plaub.
| Cas | Qhia | Txiv neej | Neutral | Plural | |
| Ntseeg | leej twg? dab tsi? | der | die | das | die |
| Nyob zoo | uas? | des | der | des | der |
| Nyob zoo | leej twg? dab tsi? nyob qhov twg? | dem | der | dem | den |
| Accusative | leej twg? dab tsi? nyob qhov twg? | den | die | das | die |
- qhov xaus -s kuj ntxiv rau lub npe;
- xaus -n yog ntxiv rau lub npe.
| Cas | Qhia | Txiv neej | Neutral | Plural | |
| Ntseeg | leej twg? dab tsi? | ein | eine | ein | - |
| Nyob zoo | uas? | eines | einer | eines | - |
| Nyob zoo |
leej twg? dab tsi? nyob qhov twg? |
einem | einer | einem | - |
| Accusative | leej twg? dab tsi? nyob qhov twg? | einen | eine | ein | - |
Tam sim no peb tau daws cov lus nug tseem ceeb txog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv German li cas, nws yog lub sijhawm los mus rau qhov kev lom zem -prepositions. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog feem ntau lawv uas cuam tshuam rau kev siv ntawm ib lossis lwm rooj plaub. Thiab lawv kawm tau yooj yim!
| Genetiv | wegen, während, unweit, trotz, längs, (an-)statt, längs |
| Dativ | zu, von, seit, nach, mit, gegenüber, entgegen, bei, ausser, aus |
| Akkusativ | um, ohne, für, gegen, entlang, durch |
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov xwm txheej hauv German tseem muaj peev xwm kawm tau, thiab lawv txoj kev siv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li lus Lavxias. Yog li mus tom ntej - thiab nco ntsoov tias txhua yam ntawm no nyob ntawm koj nkaus xwb.
