Ua ntej, txhua yam yooj yim dua: tus kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kawm tiav thiab suav tias yog tus neeg tau txais kev kawm theem nrab. Nws yog lub hauv paus rau kev kawm txuas ntxiv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas xav gnaw ntawm granite ntawm kev tshawb fawb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm ua haujlwm, cov tsev kawm txuj ci thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab. Thawj ob hom tsev kawm ntawv tau muab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb theem nrab, thiab qhov kawg - ntawm kev kawm tiav qib siab. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no qhov xwm txheej tau hloov me ntsis. Tus neeg thov kev tshaj tawm - bachelor tuaj. "Qhov no puas yog kev kawm qib siab lossis tsis?" tus tswv hauj lwm xav. Cov lus nug, tsawg kawg hauv Russia, yog me ntsis ruam. Wb sim saib seb.
Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws uas suav nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hu ua Bologna, bachelor's degree yog qib qis tshaj plaws rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau kawm qee yam kev kawm hauv tsev kawm. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tiv thaiv lawv txoj haujlwm kawg ua ntej Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Pom Zoo thiab tau txaiscuam tshuam daim ntawv pov thawj. Ib daim bachelor's degree tso cai rau tus neeg no mus txuas ntxiv lawv txoj kev kawm. Thiab tom qab kawm tiav, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus tswv.
Zoo tias txhua yam tseem zoo li qub. Ib tug bachelor yog ib tug kws tshaj lij hluas nrog kev kawm tiav qib siab. Thiab tus tswv yog tus neeg uas tau kawm tiav kev kawm tiav qib siab thiab tiv thaiv nws txoj kev kawm PhD. Hauv cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe thiab Amelikas, feem coob ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab tau nkag mus rau cov neeg laus thiab nrhiav haujlwm nrog bachelor's degree. Tsuas yog cov neeg txawj ntse uas npaj los ua kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb lossis, dhau los, dhau los ua cov xibfwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus rau hauv pawg ntseeg. Txawm li cas los xij, tus tswv lag luam sab hnub poob paub tias tus neeg thov bachelor nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm nws tau noj science hauv tsev kawm qib siab tsawg kawg yog plaub xyoos (thiab tus kws kho mob - 5-6 xyoo). Yog li, bachelor's degree "muaj" yog kev kawm tiav qib siab.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, bachelor yog ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas tau kawm plaub xyoos tomqab kawm tiav high school. Thiab tom qab lub tsev kawm ua haujlwm lossis tsev kawm txuj ci - peb lossis 3, 5, nyob ntawm daim ntawv ntawm kev kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li koj paub, hauv Lavxias cov tsev kawm qib siab lossis cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm tsib chav kawm. Yog li, ob-theem txheej txheem, qhia hauv 2011, xav tias thawj plaub xyoos cov tub ntxhais kawm masters tsuas yog kev qhuab qhia dav dav. Tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo thib tsib tus neeg xaiv txoj haujlwm nqaim hauv kev taw qhia. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb. A BA hauv Psychology yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kawm tiav qib siab. Muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv. "Tsev Neeg Psychologist" yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov thib obhom kev npaj menyuam kawm ntawv.
Cov ntawv pov thawj uas tau muab rau cov kawm tiav no qhia ua xim dub thiab dawb tias daim bachelor's degree yog kev kawm tiav qib siab. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem sau txog qhov profile (kev taw qhia) ntawm xws li cov tub ntxhais hluas tshwj xeeb: jurisprudence, kev lag luam, kev tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tus menyuam kawm ntawv no tsuas yog tau txais kev txawj ntse thawj zaug xwb. Qhov no muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Tau kawg, plaub xyoos tsis yog tsib xyoos, thiab hauv qhov no bachelor's degree yog qhov qis dua rau tus kws tshaj lij, thiab ntau dua yog li tus master's degree. Tab sis, ntawm qhov tod tes, bachelor yog ib tus neeg uas tsis yog "kho" ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb nqaim heev. Nws tuaj yeem nrhiav tau daim ntawv thov hauv txhua ceg ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas xav tau kev kawm qib siab. Thiab yav tom ntej, bachelor, tsom mus rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub koom haum ua haujlwm, muaj peev xwm ua kom nws cov kev txawj ntse, tau txais kev kawm thib ob hauv ob lossis 2.5 xyoo.
