Carbohydrates yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm txhua yam kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, tsis hais tsob ntoo, tsiaj, lossis tib neeg. Lawv ua ib feem ntawm cov organic teeb meem ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntiaj chaw. Carbohydrates yog ib chav kawm dav dav ntawm cov tebchaw. Ntawm lawv, koj tuaj yeem pom cov tshuaj uas muaj cov khoom sib txawv. Vim qhov no feature, lub luag haujlwm ntawm carbohydrates yog dav heev. Hnub no peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov khoom tseem ceeb, lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov zaub mov (thiab tsis yog xwb) kev lag luam.
Carbohydrate sources
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm carbohydrates yog cov khoom cog. Namely: qhob cij, cereals, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries. Raws li rau tsiaj cov khoom, ib txhia ntawm lawv kuj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carbohydrates. Qhov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, mis nyuj, uas muaj cov thiaj li hu ua mis nyuj qab zib.
khoom noj khoom haus yuav muaj cov carbohydrates sib txawv. Yog li, lub ntsiab lus, kev siv cov carbohydrates thiab lawv cov dej num yog qhov dav heev. Cereals thiab qos yaj ywm muaj starch - complex carbohydrate insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, uas yog tawg mus rau hauv yooj yim suab thaj los ntawm kev ua ntawm digestive kua txiv. Hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov tshuaj nonthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov suab thaj yooj yim: txiv hmab txiv ntoo, beetroot, cane, grape thiab hais txog. Lawv yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab zoo kawg nkaus absorbed los ntawm lub cev. Cov dej-soluble qab zib yog absorbed sai sai rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Kev noj zaub mov carbohydrates
Nws ntseeg tau tias feem ntau ntawm carbohydrates yuav tsum tau noj hauv daim ntawv nyuaj, thiab tsuas yog 20-25% hauv ib qho yooj yim. Qhov no ua rau kom maj mam nkag ntawm cov suab thaj rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog tias ib tug neeg tau txais cov carbohydrates txaus los ntawm cov zaub mov, lawv tau tso rau hauv daim siab thiab cov leeg hauv daim ntawv ntawm "tsiaj starch" glycogen. Nrog rau qhov tsis muaj carbohydrates, lub khw glycogen tau tawg mus rau hauv cov piam thaj thiab siv rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub cev (kev noj haus ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg). Yog hais tias lub cev tau txais ntau tshaj ntawm lawv, lawv tig mus rau hauv lub cev rog. Los ntawm txoj kev, carbohydrates kuj muaj fiber ntau, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev zom kom zoo.
Carbohydrates yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj, yog li lawv tsis tsuas yog txiav txim siab lub cev lub zog homeostat, tab sis kuj koom nrog biosynthesis ntawm ntau cov carbon-muaj cov polymers. Nyob rau hauv ib lub neej, ib tug nruab nrab neeg noj li 14 tons ntawm cov compounds. Ntawm cov no, kwv yees li 2.5 tons - hauv daim ntawv yooj yim. Kev siv cov protein, rog, carbohydrates thiab lawv cov derivatives hauv cov zaub mov tsis sib xws. Carbohydrates yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov khoom noj. Lawv noj 4 npaug ntau dua li cov protein lossis rog. Nrog kev noj zaub mov yooj yim, sib xyaw, kwv yees li 60% ntawm tus neeg lub zog los ntawm carbohydrates. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev yog muab lub zog. Kev ua kom lub cev ntau dua hauv tib neeg lub neej, ntau duanws xav tau carbohydrates. Nrog rau kev ua neej nyob sedentary, qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj no txo qis. Rau cov neeg uas tsis koom nrog lub cev ua haujlwm, qhov xav tau ntawm carbohydrates txhua hnub yog kwv yees li 400 grams.
Kwv yees li 50-65% ntawm carbohydrates nkag mus rau peb lub cev nrog cov khoom nplej. 15-25% - nrog cov khoom qab zib thiab qab zib. Kwv yees li 10% - nrog cov cag thiab cov qoob loo. Thiab txog 5-7% - nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
Carbohydrates yog qhov ua rau muaj zog heev ntawm kev tso tawm sab nraud ntawm cov txiav txiav thiab lub zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj insulin synthesis, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm cov carbohydrates metabolism thiab tswj cov piam thaj hauv homeostasis. Tau ntau xyoo, yooj yim carbohydrate overload ua rau hyperplasia ntawm β-hlwb, tom qab ntawd ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab tsim cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho ntshav qab zib.
Kev faib tawm ntawm carbohydrates
Nyob ntawm tus qauv, muaj peev xwm yaj thiab tus nqi ntawm assimilation, carbohydrates uas yog ib feem ntawm cov zaub mov tau muab faib ua yooj yim thiab complex. Yooj yim suav nrog monosaccharides (fructose, qabzib, galactose) thiab disaccharides (sucrose, lactose). Rau complex - polysaccharides (fiber, starch, glycogen). Ntxiv nrog rau cov piv txwv ntawm carbohydrates, muaj lwm yam, tsawg-paub tshuaj nyob rau hauv txhua chav kawm.
Yooj yim carbohydrates
Mono- thiab disaccharides dissolves zoo hauv dej thiab sai sai absorbed los ntawm lub cev. Lawv muaj lub suab qab zib, uas yog vim li cas lawv feem ntau hu ua suab thaj. Qhov ntau tshaj monosaccharide yogqabzib muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries, raws li zoo raws li synthesized thaum lub sij hawm tawg ntawm di- thiab polysaccharides. Glucose, ib zaug hauv lub cev, sai sai nrhiav kev siv rau nws tus kheej. Nws tsim glycogen, nourishes lub paj hlwb thiab cov leeg nqaij (xws li lub plawv), thiab tswj cov ntshav qab zib. Thaum cev xeeb tub, cov piam thaj tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ua lub zog.
Fructose muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws. Nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, yooj yim digestible carbohydrate. Tab sis, piv nrog cov piam thaj, fructose tseem maj mam nqus los ntawm cov hnyuv, thiab ib zaug hauv cov ntshav, nws tawm hauv cov hlab ntsha sai. Txog li 80% ntawm fructose khaws cia hauv daim siab, tiv thaiv cov ntshav qab zib kom txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv daim siab, fructose synthesizes glycogen yooj yim dua li qabzib. Piv nrog rau sucrose, fructose yog digestible thiab muaj qab zib ntau dua. Vim yog cov cuab yeej tom qab, tsawg fructose tuaj yeem siv rau qib siab ntawm cov khoom qab zib, yog li txo qis kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv kev tsim kho cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj calorie. Xav txog kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv lub neej, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev noj zaub mov zoo. Fructose feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom qab zib hauv cov khoom noj rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
Nrog ntau dhau ntawm sucrose, cov roj metabolism raug cuam tshuam thiab tsim cov rog ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ntev tau ua pov thawj tias nrog kev nce hauv cov piam thaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, kev sib txuas ntawm cov rog los ntawm cov carbohydrates nyuaj, ncaj qha los ntawm cov rog thiab cov protein, nce ntxiv. Vim li no,Cov piam thaj ntau npaum li cas ib tus neeg noj tuaj yeem tswj tau cov roj metabolism ntau.
Nrog rau kev siv ntau cov suab thaj, cov roj cholesterol metabolism tsis zoo thiab nce cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntshav pib. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov piam thaj ntau dhau muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm plab hnyuv microflora - qhov loj ntawm cov kab mob putrefactive nce, cov txheej txheem putrefactive nrawm, thiab flatulence tshwm sim. Tsawg kawg ntawm txhua qhov, cov kev mob tshwm sim no tau pom nrog kev siv fructose. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov carbohydrates no. Muaj ntau fructose thiab qabzib nyob hauv zib ntab: 37.1 thiab 36.2%, feem. Tag nrho cov suab thaj uas nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav yog fructose, nws yog li ntawm 8% ntawm no.
Cov monosaccharide tom ntej yog galactose. Nws tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov hauv nws daim ntawv dawb. Galactose yog cov khoom tawg ntawm lactose, lub ntsiab carbohydrate hauv cov mis nyuj.
Raws li cov disaccharides, lub ntsiab ntawm peb cov khoom noj yog sucrose. Thaum hydrolysis, nws tawg mus rau hauv fructose thiab qabzib. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm sucrose yog beet thiab cane qab zib. Hauv granulated qab zib, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov carbohydrates no nce mus txog 99.75%. Tsis tas li ntawd, sucrose muaj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub thiab gourds.
Y
Complex carbohydrates
Polysaccharides muaj cov qauv molecular ntau dua thiab tsis tshua muaj solubility hauv dej. Cov chav kawm no suav nrog: hmoov txhuv nplej siab, fiber ntau, glycogen thiab pectin. Kev siv cov carbohydrates ntawm cov chav kawm no yog dav mus rau ntau qib. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog cov khoom noj tseem ceeb. Nws cov ntsiab lus siab hauv cov qoob loo qoob loo yog qhov tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab lawvnoj zaub mov muaj nqis. Hauv nruab nrab tus neeg noj zaub mov, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab muaj txog li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj carbohydrates noj. Ib zaug hauv lub cev, nws hloov mus ua cov carbohydrates yooj yim thiab ua lawv txoj haujlwm.
Raws li rau glycogen, hauv peb lub cev nws ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv zog uas pub cov leeg ua haujlwm thiab cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev. Glycogen rov qab los ntawm reosynthesis ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj.
Pectin yog ib yam khoom soluble uas yog nqus tau zoo hauv lub cev. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no hauv kev ua zaub mov noj qab haus huv qhia, pectin tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv.
Fiber ntau zoo ib yam hauv cov qauv rau polysaccharides. Cov khoom nplej muaj npe nrov rau nws cov ntsiab lus siab. Ntxiv nrog rau cov fiber ntau hauv cov khoom, nws qhov zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kev sib tw no carbohydrate ntau dua, qhov zoo dua nws tawg hauv cov hnyuv, thiab qhov txiaj ntsig ntau ntxiv rau tus neeg. Cov fiber ntau ntawm zaub thiab qos yaj ywm muaj cov khoom no. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov polysaccharide no yog lub peev xwm tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Tam sim no cia peb saib ze dua ntawm kev siv cov carbohydrates.
khoom noj khoom haus parenteral
Kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no tau txhim kho sai. Parenteral khoom noj khoom haus yog cov kev tswj hwm ntawm cov as-ham rau hauv lub cev. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem noj nws tus kheej. Kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus parenteral yog ntau heev. Lawv siv raws liQhov laj thawj yooj yim yog tias lawv yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog rau tib neeg lub cev. Lub zog tus nqi ntawm carbohydrates yog 4 kcal / g. Tib neeg niaj hnub xav tau lub zog ntawm 1.5 txog 2 txhiab kilocalories. Li no qhov teeb meem ntawm kev cais siv cov carbohydrates los npog qhov kev xav tau no. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov kua isotonic qabzib, kom tag nrho cov neeg xav tau calories, nws yog tsim nyog los ncuav ntawm 7 mus rau 10 litres ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov dej ntau dhau, pulmonary edema thiab mob plawv.
Kev siv cov kua qabzib ntau ntxiv yog fraught nrog rau lwm yam tsis kaj siab - qhov tshwm sim ntawm plasma hyperosmolarity thiab irritation ntawm intima ntawm cov leeg (kev loj hlob ntawm phlebitis thiab thrombophlebitis). Thiab txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm osmotic diuresis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj hwm tus nqi ntawm cov piam thaj hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.4 txog 0.5 g / kg / h. Yog tias koj txhais cov duab no rau hauv cov tshuaj isotonic qabzib, koj tau txais me ntsis ntau dua 500 mm ib teev rau tus neeg mob hnyav 70 kg. Insulin ntxiv rau cov kua qabzib kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam cov carbohydrate kam rau ua thiab cov teeb meem tshwm sim. Kev suav yog ua raws li cov qauv: 1 units rau 3-4 grams qabzib qhuav. Insulin tsis tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev siv cov piam thaj, tab sis kuj tseem txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm cov amino acids.
Kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv cov tshuaj nyob ntawm lawv hom. Hauv kev noj zaub mov hauv parenteral yog siv dav: fructose, qabzib, sorbitol, dextran, glycerol thiab ethyl.cawv.
khoom noj khoom haus
Muaj ntau yam khoom noj uas ua raws li kev ua tiav lossis ib nrab cais tawm ntawm carbohydrates los ntawm kev noj zaub mov, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov protein thiab rog. Tsoomfwv Meskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb tau ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb, raws li nws tau qhia tias cov neeg uas noj cov zaub mov uas muaj carbohydrate ntau yog qhov hnyav li qub. Cov zaub mov muaj carbohydrates ntau dua, tab sis qis hauv calories.
Raws li koj paub, hauv Asmeskas, ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem rog rog. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg zoo li no tsis tu ncua. Kev tshawb fawb mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm cov khoom noj siv tau pom tias cov neeg uas noj cov zaub mov uas muaj cov carbohydrates tau txais calorie tsawg dua li cov neeg nyiam cov proteins thiab cov rog, nrog tib cov zaub mov noj. Cov pab pawg no ntawm tag nrho cov uas tau soj ntsuam, thiab muaj ntau dua 10,000 tus neeg, muaj lub cev hnyav tshaj plaws. Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas rau txhua 1,000 calories ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj carbohydrate, muaj fiber ntau thiab dej. Cov pab pawg neeg no tau txais ntau cov as-ham nrog zaub mov, uas yog: vitamins A thiab C, carotene, calcium, hlau thiab magnesium. Cov rog, roj cholesterol, zinc, sodium thiab vitamin B12 tau pom nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom noj rau me me.
Kev siv cov carbohydrates thiab cov rog hauv cov zaub mov muaj feem cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev siv cov carbohydrates nrog cov proteins. Kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm carbohydrates raws li lub zog qhov chaw nyob hauv lawv lub peev xwm los khaws cov protein. Thaum noj ntau cov carbohydrates, lub cev siv los ua lub zogcov khoom siv tsawg dua cov amino acids. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov amino acids thiab glycerol, txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub luag haujlwm yuav tsum tsis txhob kwv yees. Kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv cov zaub mov yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 50 grams tauj ib hnub. Txwv tsis pub, metabolic cuam tshuam yuav tshwm sim.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev noj ntau dhau ntawm carbohydrates ua rau tsim cov rog subcutaneous. Thaum tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tsuas yog ua kom tau raws li tus neeg xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj no, tab sis kuj sib npaug ntawm kev noj ntawm lawv cov ntau hom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas qhov piv ntawm cov carbohydrates yooj yim thiab complex. Thaum ntau cov suab thaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv glycogen thiab tig mus rau hauv triglycerides, uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov nqaij rog. Thaum cov tshuaj insulin nce siab hauv cov ntshav, cov txheej txheem no nrawm dua.
Cov carbohydrates nyuaj, tsis zoo li cov yooj yim, zom maj mam, yog li lawv cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntshav nce zuj zus. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws yog advisable tias lub ntsiab carbohydrate ib feem nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj yog tsim los ntawm precisely digestible tshuaj. Lawv feem yuav tsum yog los ntawm 80 mus rau 90 feem pua. Tsis muaj cov carbohydrates nyuaj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom tau rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, rog rog, atherosclerosis thiab kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv.
Raws li koj twb tau nkag siab lawm, feem ntau cov carbohydrates yog siv rau hauv kev noj haus thiab tshuaj. Tab sis lub peev txheej ntawm carbohydrates tsis xaus rau ntawd. Lawv siv qhov twg ntxiv?
YGlucose
Cov carbohydrates no tau nqus tau zoo los ntawm lub cev thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua ib feem ntawm qee cov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov piam thaj tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam confectionery. Nrog nws cov kev pab, marmalade, caramel, gingerbread thiab lwm yam khoom yog tsim. Hauv kev lag luam textile, nws plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev txo qis. Thiab hauv kev tsim cov glyconic thiab ascorbic acids, qabzib yog cov khoom pib. Nrog nws cov kev pab, lawv kuj ua cov synthesis ntawm ib co muaj suab thaj.
Glucose fermentation yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nws tshwm sim thaum pickling cabbage, dib, mis nyuj thiab lwm yam khoom, nrog rau thaum ensiling fodder. Alcoholic fermentation ntawm qabzib yog siv hauv kev tsim npias.
Starch
Starch yog ib qho khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau lub cev zom zaub mov, cov khoom tau raug kev kho cua sov. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, ib nrab hydrolysis ntawm starch tshwm sim, nrog rau kev tsim cov dej-soluble dextrins. Dextrins, ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov, yog hydrolyzed rau qabzib, uas yog absorbed zoo los ntawm lub cev. Yog tias peb tham txog kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv kev lag luam, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Cov khoom tseem ceeb uas tau los ntawm nws yog qabzib thiab molasses. Qhov no ntxiv nthuav qhov chaw uas siv cov carbohydrates tshwm sim. Qhia luv luv piav txog cov txheej txheem kom tau cov piam thaj thiab cov kua txiv molasses los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li hauv qab no.
Starch yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog dilute sulfuric acid. Tshaj acid yog neutralized nrog chalk. Lub precipitate ntawm calcium sulfate, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawmneutralization, lim. Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj yog evaporated thiab qabzib yog cais tawm ntawm nws. Yog tias koj tsis coj cov txheej txheem hydrolysis mus rau qhov kawg, koj tau txais cov piam thaj sib xyaw nrog dextrins, uas yog hu ua molasses. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam confectionery. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab-derived dextrins tau pom dav siv los ua cov nplaum thiab cov xim tuab. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ua pov thawj tias kev siv cov carbohydrates ntau npaum li cas. Cov chemistry ntawm cov txheej txheem, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog qhov nyuaj.
Yav dhau los, starching tau siv, uas tso cai rau koj ua pa lub neej thib ob rau hauv cov ntaub thiab txuas ntxiv nws lub neej kev pabcuam. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov khoom lag luam tau los ntawm nws kuj tau siv rau hauv textile, kws tshuaj thiab chaw tsim khoom lag luam.
Pulp
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm carbohydrates ib txwm tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb dua li lawv txoj haujlwm lom neeg. Kev siv cov carbohydrates tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Cellulose (fiber) tau siv los ntawm tib neeg txij thaum ub los. Thaum xub thawj, tib neeg pib siv ntoo ua roj thiab khoom siv hauv tsev. Tom qab ntawd lawv kawm ua cov xov los ntawm paj rwb, flax thiab lwm cov nroj tsuag fibers. Tom qab ntawd, thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais ntawv los ntawm ntoo. Daim ntawv, ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais, yog txheej nyias ntawm cellulose fibers uas nias thiab nplaum. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov ruaj khov, du nto uas yuav tsis los ntshav.
Thaum chiv keeb, tsuas yog cov khoom siv zaub nyoos (paj rwb thiab nplej stalks) tau siv los ua ntawv. Fibers tau muab rho tawm los ntawm nws purely mechanically. Tab sis raws likev loj hlob ntawm haiv neeg, cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg tsis txaus los npog qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv. Feem ntau nws mus rau ntawv xov xwm. Muab hais tias qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm no, lawv pib ntxiv txog 50 feem pua ntawm cov ntoo hauv av rau nws. Tom qab ntawd, thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tau cov khoom siv ntoo xws li resins, lignin, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv cov carbohydrates ua tau.
Txog hnub no, txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev cais cellulose yog sulfite. Nws yog siv rau ntau qhov chaw uas siv cov carbohydrates. Cov chemistry ntawm cov txheej txheem yog heev yooj yim. Raws li txoj kev no, ntoo yog crushed thiab boiled nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog calcium hydrosulfate. Tom qab ntawd, cov cellulose tso tawm los ntawm txhua yam ntawm impurities yog sib cais ntawm cov lim. Lub resulting lye muaj monosaccharides, yog li nws yog siv los ua raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov cawv. Thiab cellulose kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov viscose, acetate thiab tooj liab-ammonia fibers.
Qee lub sijhawm carbohydrates tsis meej pem nrog carbohydrates. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias ob chav kawm ntawm cov khoom no yog consonantly npe, lawv tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau ib leeg. Kev siv cov hydrocarbons saturated hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab tom haujlwm yog ib zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li.
Zoo kawg
Hnub no koj tau nkag siab koj txoj kev paub txog cov khoom xws li carbohydrates. Cov khoom, kev siv cov carbohydrates thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig rau tib neeg tau lees paub tias cov tshuaj no yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Lawv yoglus nyob txhua qhov chaw thiab hauv txhua yam. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj carbohydrates peb lub neej yuav ua tsis tau. Kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv lub neej yog qhov dav heev.
