Cov pwm txias yog cov pwm rov siv tau rau kev nchuav hlau. Nws tuaj yeem yog detachable (muaj ob ntu) lossis tsis yog (co pwm). Tuag casting muaj ntau qhov zoo ntawm lub plhaub casting, tab sis kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, piv txwv li, thaum casting cam khwb cia hlau, castings xav tau kev kho cua sov ntxiv.
txiaj ntsig
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov casting, muaj kev kub siab hloov ntawm cov hlau molten mus rau pwm. Qhov no ua rau muaj zog siab dua, cov khoom siv zoo dua ntawm cov hlau, cov qauv zoo dua, cov qauv zoo dua thiab tsawg dua piv rau cov xuab zeb castings.
Cov txheej txheem pwm pwm kuj txawv ntawm qhov pwm hlau (cov pwm txias) tuaj yeem rov siv dua. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv muaj zog, vim qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov pwm ua tau zoo dua. Qhov no txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov castings, thiab vim lub siab thermal conductivity ntawm pwm, cov castings sai sai solidify.
Lwm qhov zoo dua ntawm kev tuag casting tshaj cov xuab zeb pwm yog tias qhov tshwm sim castings tsis tshua muaj kev ua haujlwm, thiab qhov no txo qis kev noj cov khoom molding.
Kev noj qab haus huv thiab ecology
Txias molding nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm 2-3 zaug, vim tias los ntawm cov txheej txheemLub sijhawm ua haujlwm xws li kev npaj sib tov, ntxuav thiab molding ntawm cov khoom raug cais tawm. Txij li qhov chaw tsim khoom kuj tseem txo qis, tus nqi kho thiab tsim cov kev cob qhia tshiab tau qis dua.
Ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem, xws li pwm khob, casting tu thiab chipping. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj txo qis ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug.
Flaws
Kev tsim cov pwm txias yog kim heev vim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej. Yog hais tias muaj undercuts nyob rau hauv lub castings, tus nqi ntawm cov pwm nce vim qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nyuaj rau tsim: inserts, pov tseg xuab zeb thiab cais hlau rods yog siv.
Lub neej ntawm pwm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov khoom zoo zoo uas tuaj yeem tau txais hauv nws. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov duab txiav txim siab txog kev lag luam ntawm cov txheej txheem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm casting steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau. Kev nce lub neej ntawm pwm yog ib qho ntawm cov kev sib tw tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Vim qhov txias sai thiab thickening ntawm cov yaj, nws yog ib qho nyuaj kom tau txais cov khoom siv phab ntsa ntev ntev thaum nrum rau hauv pwm. Qhov no kuj ua rau cov cam khwb cia hlau kom tau ib txheej tawv, bleached. Cov duab yog malleable, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab tawg hauv cov castings. Thaum siv cov xuab zeb pov tseg cores, qhov tseeb ntawm castings txo qis, qhov roughness saum npoo nce ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov tub ntxhais.
Quality castings
Qhov casting thiab pwm cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm siab. Lub casting hardens thiab txias nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb pwm ntev npaum li cas nyob rau hauv cov pwm, txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntim ntawm cov xuab zeb pwm feem ntau yog zoo dua, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm los ntawm cov pwm casting ntawm cov dej uas tsis yog-kua castings ntau zog, thiab kuj imposes txwv rau xws li. parameters raws li qhov loj ntawm cov casting thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness phab ntsa. Aluminium tuag casting (nrog rau tooj liab thiab lwm yam hlau tsis-ferrous) yog nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev ua kom txias sai, cov qauv uas tsis yog ntxeem tau, zoo-grained tuaj yeem tau txais, uas ua rau tsis yog tsuas yog lub zog, tab sis kuj yog qhov ductility ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm chill casting, muaj ntau yam teeb meem tshwm sim: vim qhov peculiar crystallization hauv castings, tsim carbides, ferrite-graphite eutectics yog ua tau. Qhov no txo cov toughness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cam khwb cia hlau. Lub bleached nto txheej nyob rau hauv xws li castings yog ib qho nyuaj heev, yog li ntawd cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev txiav tsuas yog tom qab kev kho cua sov (annealing), uas tshem tawm qhov txias.
Shape structure
Cov pwm txias yog, raws li txoj cai, ob lub pwm ib nrab uas tau txuas nrog clamps (pins), thiab tam sim ntawd ua ntej pib nchuav cov hlau molten, ib nrab pwm yog tsau nrog cov xauv. Cov txiaj ntsig pub cov casting los ntawm qhov hu ua vents thiab vent plugs. Cov pwm hlau tsis muaj qhov txuas txuas yog hu ua co pwm.
Ua ntej nchuav, qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm pwmkho nrog ib txheej ntawm cov khoom uas tiv thaiv pwm los ntawm thermal shock los ntawm ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv kub. Qhov kev ntsuas no tseem tiv thaiv cov casting los ntawm kev ntes nrog pwm.
Steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau
Kev tuag casting ntawm hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau tshwm sim siv cov hmoov quartz, graphite, iav dej thiab refractory av nplaum ua cov txheej refractory. Ua ntej pouring, pwm yuav tsum tau rhuab mus rau ib tug tej yam kub thiab txias, nyob ntawm seb cov phab ntsa thickness ntawm cov casting thiab cov alloy siv.
Qhov tseem ceeb uas cov khoom pwm yuav tsum tau ua yog ua kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov, uas yuav tsum tau zam thaum nchuav hlau molten. Rau kev tsim cov pwm, grey cam khwb cia hlau, ductile hlau, structural, carbon thiab alloy steel, nrog rau tooj liab thiab txhuas alloys yog siv.
Txoj kab txias pwm
Qhov no yog ib hom kev siv tshuab uas sib xyaw ua ke zoo ntawm lub plhaub thiab tuag casting, thaum qhov tsis zoo ntawm ob txoj hauv kev yog smoothed. Cov thev naus laus zis no tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua kom tawg, tab sis kuj los ntawm ductility, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim castings ntawm high precision, thiab piv nrog plhaub casting, kim molding khoom yog noj tsawg heev.
Lined hlau pwm yog tsim los ntawm kev sau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov qauv hlau ntawm cov casting thiab sab hauv ntawm pwm. Feem ntau siv sandblasting thiab jellied txoj kev. Rau kev sau, cov xuab zeb-resin sib tov yog muab coj los siv, uas cov binder yog phenol-formaldehyde resin (2-2.6%) thiaburotropin (kwv yees li 10% ntawm qhov hnyav), nrog rau nws tus kheej hardening (binder - kua iav) thiab ceramic compounds (binder - ethyl silicate). Cov pwm txias thiab cov qauv casting, muaj qhov kub ntawm 200 degrees, hloov cov cua sov ntawm cov khoom sib tov, uas ua kom tawv thiab ua ib txheej txheej 3-5 hli tuab. Ordinary lossis plhaub pas nrig yog siv los ua cov kab noj hniav hauv castings.
txheej txheem Casting
Cov pwm txias, npog nrog txheej ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, ua kom sov. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog ob puas degrees, tab sis nyob ntawm tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub alloy siv rau pouring, tab sis kuj nyob rau qhov ntev ntawm lub casting, nws phab ntsa thickness thiab cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau ntawm nws. Tom qab cua sov, rods, ceramic los yog xuab zeb, tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv pwm, yog tias qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum tau ua raws li txoj kev npaj casting, thiab tom qab ntawd cov pwm halves txuas nrog thiab nruj nreem kaw nrog tshwj xeeb clamps. Yog hais tias lub casting tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tshuab pwm, ces nws tus kheej pwm locking mechanism yog siv. Tom qab cov kev npaj npaj no, cov hlau molten tuaj yeem nchuav rau hauv pwm txias.
Thaum lub casting twb tau txais qee lub zog, cov pas hlau hlau tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm nws. Qhov no tom qab ntawd pab txhawb qhov kawg tshem tawm ntawm cov cores los ntawm cov castings vim qhov txo qis ntawm lawv los ntawm cov hlau solidifying.
Tom qab cov casting tau txias mus rau qhov xav tau kub, pwm tuaj yeem qhib. Nyob rau theem no, cov hlau rods raug tshem tawm thiab cov castings raug tshem tawm ntawm pwm. Xuab zeb cores yog khob tawm, profits, risers thiab spruesraug txiav tawm, thiab kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yog nqa tawm, tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem rov ua dua.
Ua ntej ua qhov tshiab casting, lub dav hlau sib cais thiab cov pwm saum npoo yog ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas. Lub refractory muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv ib zaug lossis ob zaug ua haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm delamination los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau rov qab txheej txheej. Yog hais tias cov khoom yog nyias-walled, lub pwm yog xav kom txias; Yog hais tias lub casting ua tau loj txaus, ces cov pwm tuaj yeem ua kom sov siab tshaj qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub, thiab tom qab ntawd siv cov tshuab cua txias tshwj xeeb, kom cov pwm yuav txias nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub ua ntej casting tom ntej.
Cold casting tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab siv sijhawm, tshwj tsis yog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua kom txias rau qhov kub thiab txias. Feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov tshuab, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov pwm tsis yog ib zaug xwb.
