Kev lig kev cai ntawm kev siv tsheb ciav hlau armored hauv USSR hnub rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, lawv tau siv rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog formations thiab nyob rau hauv cais tactical ywj siab ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsheb ciav hlau armored muaj nuj nqis rau kev ceev thiab kev txav mus los, lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov cuab yeej muaj zog. Armored tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog feem ntau tau siv los ua lub zog traction rau thauj cov tsheb ciav hlau nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1920, cov tub rog Bolshevik muaj ntau dua 100 lub tsheb ciav hlau armored. Tab sis los ntawm 1924, lawv cov naj npawb tsawg dua, txij li cov tub rog tub rog tub rog, mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau raug xa mus, tsis xav txog lawv cov riam phom zoo thiab kho lawv li phom zoo tib yam ntawm cov platforms.
Armored tsheb ciav hlau hauv WWII
Cov tsheb ciav hlau nyob hauv Great Patriotic War tau raug xaiv los ua pawg. Piv txwv li, cov tsheb ciav hlau armored "Kuzma Minin" thiab "Ilya Muromets" yog ib feem ntawm 31st ywj pheej Gorky faib ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau. Lub koom haum kuj suav nrog: lub tshuab hluav taws xob dub dub S-179, lub tsheb ciav hlau armoredBD-39, ob peb BA-20 armored tsheb, peb lub maus taus thiab txog kaum lub tsheb thiab ib lub tuam txhab mortar. Muaj kwv yees li 340 tus neeg nyob rau hauv pawg.
Cov tsheb ciav hlau thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj tau siv txij thaum pib mus txog rau thaum yeej. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txhawb nqa cov tub rog tub rog uas tau sib ntaus sib tua raws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov chaw tsheb ciav hlau, tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv thiab cov roj teeb hluav taws tua hluav taws rau cov yeeb ncuab phom loj.
Cov tsheb ciav hlau no tau muaj kev vam meej hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog uas lawv cov khoom tsim tau pib hauv ntau lub nroog ib zaug. Cov qauv tsim ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau sib txawv heev. Qhov no yog nyob ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom tsim lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, ntawm qhov muaj cov hlau armored thiab ib txheej ntawm riam phom. Thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tau tsim los ntawm Bryansk Train Plant. Cov nroj tsuag no tsim tsis tau tsuas yog artillery armored railway platforms, tab sis kuj tsheb ciav hlau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv huab cua.
Huab cua tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau armored tsheb ciav hlau hauv Great Patriotic War ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau, tsoo lawv nrog rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab DShK rab phom tshuab.
Tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Ntau npaum li cas tau ua?
Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, cov tub rog Lavxias muaj 34 lub teeb thiab 19 lub tsheb ciav hlau hnyav, uas muaj 53 lub tsheb ciav hlau, ntau tshaj 100 qhov chaw phom loj, txog 30 lub chaw tiv thaiv huab cua thiab 160.armored tsheb tsim los mus rau railway lem. Kuj muaj muaj cuaj lub log tsheb thiab ob peb lub tsheb armored.
Ntxiv rau cov tub rog, NKVD cov tub rog kuj muaj cov tsheb ciav hlau armored. Lawv tau txib 23 lub tsheb ciav hlau, 32 phom phom, 7 tsheb tub rog thiab ntau dua 30 lub tsheb tub rog.
Lub tsheb ciav hlau tseem ceeb ntawm Tub Rog Liab
Hom tsheb ciav hlau nto moo tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj yog lub tsheb ciav hlau armored BP-43 tsim nyob rau xyoo 1942.
Lub tsheb ciav hlau no suav nrog armored locomotive PR-43, uas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub compound, ob artillery platforms ntawm lub taub hau ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau thiab tib tus naj npawb ntawm qhov kawg, ob anti-aircraft platforms thiab 2 -3 lub platform nqa cov mos txwv, kho cov khoom siv rau lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsheb ciav hlau armored muaj ob lub tsheb armored BA-20 lossis BA-64, yoog raws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau.
21 armored tsheb ciav hlau hom no tau ua rau cov tub rog thiab yuav luag tib tus lej rau NKVD.
Technical data of armored mechanisms
Cov tsheb ciav hlau armored ntawm Great Patriotic War, "hnyav" qauv, tau nruab nrog 107-mm phom uas tuaj yeem tsoo ntawm qhov deb txog li 15 km. Armored los xij, txog li 10 cm tuab, muab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov phom loj, uas nws lub cev ncav cuag 75 hli.
Ib qho dej refueling, roj roj thiab thee tau txaus rau lub tsheb ciav hlau armored mus txog 120 mais ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 45 km / h. Ib qho ntxiv - 10 tons ntawm cov thee thiab 6 tons ntawm cov roj roj. Khawm hnyavarmored tsheb ciav hlau mus txog 400 tons.
Pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua suav nrog: cov lus txib, tswj platoon, ob platoons ntawm artillery turret phom thiab onboard tshuab rab phom crews, ib tug anti-aircraft gunners platoon, detachment lub luag hauj lwm rau lub zog thiab traction ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau, thiab ib tug platoon ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb armored, uas suav nrog 2-5 lub tsheb txav ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau.
Tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. German qauv
Ua ntej Kev Ua Haujlwm Barbarossa, German cov lus txib tau npaj los qhia ntau lub tsheb ciav hlau armored hloov mus rau Lavxias kev tsheb ciav hlau ntsuas. Muaj ob peb ntawm lawv, Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm General ntawm German Ground Forces tau muab lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua yeeb ncuab. Piv txwv li, kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1942 lawv tau saib xyuas lub nraub qaum ntawm txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm cov neeg koom nrog. Thiab ntau tom qab, tau kawm txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem zoo li no los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, cov Germans pib siv cov tsheb ciav hlau armored hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog German nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj muaj txog 12 lub tsheb ciav hlau armored thiab ob peb lub kaum os armored railcars. Muaj xwm txheej thaum cov Germans siv ntes Soviet tsheb ciav hlau.
Khoom siv ntawm German armored tsheb ciav hlau
German armored tsheb ciav hlau 26-28 muaj peb lub tank lossis artillery platforms thiab ob lub tsheb infantry, 29-31 muaj ob lub tank platforms thiab ib lub infantry platform. Txij thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1943, lub platform nrog kev tiv thaiv huab cua tau pib txuas nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau armored. Chav locomotives ntawm xws li compositions tsuas muaj ib tug armored cabin.
Raws li qhia los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua,German armored tsheb ciav hlau tsis yog tsuas yog technically rov qab thiab qub, tab sis lawv lub zog hluav taws xob kuj tsis muaj zog heev. Yog li ntawd, cov lus txib ntawm cov tub rog German tau cia lawv nyob tom qab los tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog.
Keeb kwm qhov tseeb ntawm duel ntawm Soviet thiab German armored tsheb ciav hlau
Lub zog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Soviet armored tsheb ciav hlau tau pab cov tub rog hauv kev yeej ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tshuab nws tus kheej, txawm tias lub tshuab thev naus laus zis siab npaum li cas nws nyob, tsis tuaj yeem ua dab tsi yam tsis muaj pab pawg tswj hwm nws. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tsav tsheb ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog kuj pab txhawb rau tag nrho cov yeej. Txhawm rau ua pov thawj qhov no, nws txaus los nco txog ib ntu ntawm kev ua tsov rog.
Xyoo 1944, ob lub tsheb ciav hlau tau ntsib nyob ze Kovel hauv Ukraine: Soviet Ilya Muromets thiab German Adolf Hitler. Cov neeg tsav tsheb ntawm Lavxias teb sab armored tsheb ciav hlau, txawj siv lub folds ntawm lub struts, muaj peev xwm muab lub tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas cov Germans tsis pom nws thiab raug rho tawm ntawm random. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb cov neeg tua phom pom lub tsheb ciav hlau German zoo heev. Tom qab ib tug luv luv artillery duel, lub German armored tsheb ciav hlau raug puas ntsoog, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawd yog heev cim thiab kwv yees ib tug ceev tuag rau tag nrho cov Nazis. Peb pab neeg tsis tau txais ib qho kev ntaus. Qhov no tau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau kev txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb ciav hlau armored. Tseeb tiag, hauv kev tshawb fawb tub rog nws paub tias brute quab yuam tseem tsis tau lees tias yeej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Koj kuj xav tau maneuverability thiab txawj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Cov tsheb ciav hlau Armored thiab Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad
Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1942, cov tub rog German tuaj ze rau ntawm tus dej Volga thiab lub nroog Stalingrad. Txhua lub zog tau raug pov rau nws txoj kev tiv thaiv. Hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Stalingrad, cov tsheb ciav hlau armored ntawm Great Patriotic War ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Ib qho ntawm thawj lub tsheb ciav hlau uas tuaj txog hauv nroog yog NKVD armored tsheb ciav hlau 73. Thoob plaws lub Cuaj Hli, nws tsis tawm hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov Germans sim rhuav tshem nws nrog cov dav hlau, phom loj thiab mortars, plaub lub platform tau tsoo, tab sis lub tsheb ciav hlau armored muaj sia nyob thiab muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog tawm tsam rov qab, tab sis kuj tseem xa tawm qhov kev tawm tsam muaj zog tiv thaiv kev sib sau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog.
Lub Cuaj Hlis 14, txog 40 tus yeeb ncuab dav hlau tau tawm tsam lub tsheb ciav hlau armored ze Mamaev Kurgan. Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws rau ntawm lub platform nrog cov mos txwv, muaj zog tawg tau tshwm sim, uas tau rhuav tshem feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau armored. Pab neeg tseem muaj sia nyob tau tshem tag nrho cov riam phom uas muaj nyob hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab rov qab mus rau tus dej. Ib me ntsis tom qab, lwm lub tsheb ciav hlau armored nrog tib tus lej tau tshwm sim nyob rau pem hauv ntej - nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv Perm los ntawm cov tub rog qub ntawm 73rd armored tsheb ciav hlau. Lawv tau los ua nws pab neeg tshiab.
Lub Yim Hli 5, lub tsheb ciav hlau tsis muaj armored No. 677 kuj tuaj txog ntawm Stalingrad Front, uas tau muab rov qab rau 64th Army. Nws khaws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hla ze lub zos Plodovitoe. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, "steel fortress" muaj peev xwm tawm tsam ntau qhov kev tawm tsam German. Ua tsaug rau nws, 47th km taw tes tseem nyob nrog cov tub rog Lavxias. Ib me ntsis tom qab, thaum txhawb kev tawm tsam ntawm 38th Streltsy Division, lub tsheb ciav hlau armored tau raug hluav taws los ntawm cov neeg tawg rog, uas tau foob nws nrog incendiary.foob pob. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws yuav tsum tau thim rov qab los kho, vim nws tau txais ntau dua 600 qhov thiab cov hniav.
Tsis tas li ntawd, armored tsheb ciav hlau No.
Lub tsheb ciav hlau nto moo Soviet armored hauv WWII
Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov Germans xav tsis thoob ntawm lub hwj chim thiab tsim ntawm peb armored tsheb ciav hlau. Tau ntev, lawv tsis ntseeg tias lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Lawv xav tias cov tsheb ciav hlau tuaj ntawm Asmeskas. Tab sis qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov tsheb ciav hlau armored nyob rau hauv Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1941-1945 tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub German ntxeem tau, keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm mobile "fortresses" nyob rau hauv lub Union muaj ntau tshaj li ib xyoo caum. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov tsheb ciav hlau armored tau siv los ntawm cov tog neeg sib txawv. Lawv maneuverability, kev tiv thaiv thiab armament tau txhim kho tas li. Yog li ntawd, cov Nazis xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm hom riam phom no hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lawv.
Peb yuav hais txog cov tsheb ciav hlau nto moo tshaj plaws thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Armored tsheb ciav hlau "Kuzma Minin"
Lub tsheb ciav hlau armored no tau dhau los ua qhov tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tau tsim nyob rau lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1942 hauv Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod).
Lub tsheb ciav hlau muaj peev xwm suav nrog: lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob nrog cov ntaub ntawv armored, ob lub phom loj loj, ob lub platform npog npog nrog ob rab phom 76-mm tank thiab rab phom tshuab coaxial. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov phiaj xwm tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa rau pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab lub tsheb ciav hlau armored, thiab hauv nruab nrab - lub platform nrog lub foob pob hluav taws M-8. Lub thickness ntawm lub frontal armor yog 45mm, thiab sab saum toj - 20 mm.
Cov phom ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau tuaj yeem tua qhov deb txog li 12 km, rhuav tshem cov cuab yeej yeeb ncuab, thiab cov phom tshuab thiab lub foob pob hluav taws tua cov yeeb ncuab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Lub zog ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau armored ntawm Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, daim duab uas nyob hauv qab no, yog amazing. Nws yeej yog "steel fortress on rails"
Armored tsheb ciav hlau "Ilya Muromets"
Ua "Ilya Muromets" hauv xyoo 1942 hauv nroog Murom. Nws tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 45 hli ntawv. Lub sijhawm tag nrho ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws tsis tau txais ib qho kev raug mob hnyav. Nws txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob thiab nws tau xaus rau hauv Frankfurt ib qho der Oder. Raws li lub tsheb ciav hlau armored ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, muaj 7 tus yeeb ncuab aircraft, 14 artillery thiab mortar roj teeb, ntau tshaj 35 ruaj ruaj, txog 1000 German tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm.
Rau kev ua siab loj thiab kev ua tub rog, lub tsheb ciav hlau armored "Ilya Muromets" thiab "Kuzma Minin", uas yog ib feem ntawm 31st cais chav tsev, tau txais qhov Order of A. Nevsky. Xyoo 1971, "Ilya Muromets" nyob rau hauv lub nroog Murom tau teeb tsa rau lub neej nres.
Lwm cov tsheb ciav hlau armored hauv cov tub rog Soviet
Cov tsheb ciav hlau sib ntaus sib tua saum toj no tsis yog ib qho ntawm lawv hom. Keeb kwm kuj paub lwm yam armored units uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Qhov no kuj tseem siv tau rau B altiets armored tsheb ciav hlau tsim ntawm Izhora cog. Nws muaj 6 phom tank, 2 120mm mortars thiab 16 rab phom tshuab. Nws nquag koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Leningrad, npog txoj hauv kev mus rau lub nroog los ntawm 15firing point.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Leningrad, lub tsheb ciav hlau armored "Cov Neeg Avenger", ua nyob rau hauv tib lub nroog, txawv nws tus kheej. Nws tau ua tub rog nrog ob rab phom tiv thaiv huab cua thiab ob lub phom tank, nrog rau 12 Maxim rab phom tshuab.
Tsheb ciav hlau tom qab tsov rog
Cov tsheb ciav hlau armored ntawm Great Patriotic War, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog tus phab ej ntawm lawv lub sijhawm. Lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev yeej ntawm peb cov neeg hla Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws tau pom tseeb tias tam sim no cov phom loj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem xws li lub teeb armored tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev ua tsov rog niaj hnub no txhais tau tias muaj kev sib tw ntau dua thiab kev txav mus los ntawm cov tub rog, thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau armored tau txuas nrog kev tsheb ciav hlau, uas txo lawv txoj kev mus los.
Aircraft tsim nyob rau hauv tib lub pace li artillery, uas qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib tug armored tsheb ciav hlau tsis ua ib yam dab tsi nyuaj, thiab anti-aircraft phom ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau tsis muaj peev xwm muab kev tiv thaiv txhim khu kev qha. Txog rau xyoo 1958, qee qhov kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov txheej txheem zoo li no tseem muaj nyob. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv raug rho tawm ntawm kev pabcuam.
Meanwhile, kev paub thiab kev paub txog kev txhim kho cov phom tub rog ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tsis tau ploj mus. Thaum kawg ntawm 80s, BZHRK (missile system ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau platform) tau pib ua haujlwm rau kev sib ntaus sib tua los tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv tsos, lawv tsis txawv ntawm cov pej xeem tsheb ciav hlau, tab sis nyob rau hauv lawv muaj systems rau launching lub tswv yim missiles. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj nuclear warheads.
Yog li "cov xeeb ntxwv" txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lawv"Txiv Yawg" los tiv thaiv peb lub teb chaws.
