Hais lus Askiv txhais tau tias qhib ntau qhov rooj rau koj tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, cov txuj ci no tseem ceeb heev, thiab yog li ntawd, kev kawm lus Askiv yuav tsum tau muab sijhawm ntau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej txij thaum yau, txawm hais tias tus neeg laus tuaj yeem paub hom lus tshiab txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub thawj zaug. Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom paub cov qauv sau ntawv, thiab lwm yam yuav los nrog kev xyaum.
Txhua tus uas paub txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lus Askiv tau dhau los ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Nws yog ntawm lawv tias tag nrho cov qauv sau ntawv Askiv yog raws, thiab nws yog lawv uas ua rau muaj kev nyuaj thiab teeb meem hauv kev kawm rau ntau tus. Qhov feem ntau siv tense yog qhov yooj yim (indefinite) tam sim no tense (Present Simple). Lub rooj feem ntau ua rau txoj kev kawm yooj yim dua.
Thaum Present Simple applies
Lus Askiv, zoo li txhua yam lus, yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus dav dav thiab cov cai uas feem ntau tsis tso cai rau lwm txoj hauv kev siv qee cov qauv grammatical. Qee qhov xwm txheej yuav tsum siv Present Simple nkaus xwb. Cov cai, roojkev siv lub sij hawm no yuav tsum hwm rau cov lus hais.
Present Simple yog siv hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Thaum nws los txog rau cov kev cai dav dav, qhov tseeb - txog qhov uas txhua tus paub: cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov cai, cov xwm txheej ntuj, cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb thiab lwm yam kev lees paub tseeb (Ntaus hlub cheese - nas nyiam cheese).
- Thaum peb qhia kev xav, kev xav lossis lub xeev (Kuv ntseeg hauv kev hlub - Kuv ntseeg hauv kev hlub).
- Thaum piav txog txhua hnub lossis qhov xwm txheej tas mus li (Nws niam nws txiv nyob hauv tebchaws Russia - Nws niam nws txiv nyob hauv tebchaws Russia).
- Nyob hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tom qab cov lus yog thaum twg, ua ntej, txog, tshwj tsis yog (Kuv yuav nyob ntawm no kom txog thaum koj rov qab - Kuv yuav nyob ntawm no kom txog thaum koj rov qab los).
- Thaum nws los txog rau lub sijhawm lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, tshwm sim (Kuv sawv ntawm 8:30 - Kuv sawv ntawm 8:30).
- Thaum tham txog tus kheej tus cwj pwm, kev nyiam ua (Kuv nyiam becon - Kuv nyiam nqaij npuas kib).
- Thaum tham txog qhov tshwm sim tam sim no (Nws nyob ntawm no - Nws nyob tam sim no).
Txawm hais tias tam sim no Yooj Yim yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv lus Askiv, nws muaj ntau yam nuances uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, txwv tsis pub sau thiab hais lus yuav tsis zoo.
Na lus hauv Present Simple
Cov kab lus piav qhia ua ntau ntawm peb cov lus. Hauv Present Simple, lawv tau tsim raws li hauv qab no: subject + predicate (yog tias nws yog nyob rau hauv tus neeg thib peb, ces nrog qhov xaus -s, tsuas yog rau cov lus xwb).
Piv txwv:
- Kuv nyeem ntawv xov xwm txhua tag kis. - Kuv nyeem ntawv xov xwm txhua tag kis.
- Nws nyeem ntawv xov xwm txhua tag kis. – Nws nyeem ntawv xov xwm txhua tag kis.
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb: tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv uas tus neeg thib peb siv nyob rau hauv cov lus tsis sib xws nrog ntau ntau! Qhov xaus -s yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov lus "nws", "nws", "nws".
Question in Present Simple
Kev pabcuam thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yog coj los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov lus nug hauv Present Simple. Cov kab lus zoo li no tau tsim raws li cov txheej txheem hauv qab no: lo lus nug + lus tshwj xeeb / modal verbs + subject + predicate.
Yog tias siv cov lus qhia sib txawv, nws yuav tsum raug coj los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov lus nug. Piv txwv li:
- Nws yog xib hwb. – Nws yog ib tug xib hwb.
- Nws puas yog xibfwb? – Nws puas yog xib hwb?
Modal verbs yog siv rau cov lus nug dav dav, tsis yog pab pawg. Piv txwv li:
- Nws dhia mus rau hauv pas dej. - Nws tuaj yeem dhia hauv pas dej.
- Nws dhia mus rau hauv pas dej? - Nws puas tuaj yeem dhia hauv pas dej?
Cov lus qhia ua muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb hauv Present Simple, ib lub rooj ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau muab hauv qab no. Yog hais tias kab lus muaj ib tug semantic verb, tab sis tsis muaj modal verb nyob rau hauv nws, ces cov nram qab no cov ntaub ntawv ntawm verb yuav tsum tau siv:
| I | ua |
| peb | ua |
| lawv | ua |
| nws | ua |
| nws | ua |
| nws | ua |
| koj | ua |
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb: thaum siv daim ntawv ua, qhov kawg -s tsis muab tso rau hauv lub ntsiab lus piv txwv.
Neegation in Present Simple
Pab txhawb thiab tshwj xeeb modal verbs nyob rau hauv Present Simple, lub rooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua nyob rau hauv tam sim no tense kuj siv los tsim cov kab lus tsis zoo.
Scheme: subject + special auxiliary / modal verbs + particle not + predicate. Cov ntawv luv feem ntau siv rau hauv kev xyaum: tsis txhob - tsis txhob, tsis yog - tsis.
Piv txwv:
- Nws khiav txhua hmo. – Nws khiav txhua hmo.
- Nws tsis khiav txhua hmo. - Nws tsis (tsis) khiav txhua hmo.
English Table: Present Simple
Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom pom thiab nkag siab ib zaug dua li nyeem ib txhiab zaug thiab nyob twj ywm poob. Kev pom kev nco thiab kev pom dav dav pab kom nco qab cov khoom zoo dua. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau lub sij hawm hauv lus Askiv, xws li Present Simple. Ib lub rooj rau cov menyuam yaus, nrog rau cov neeg laus, yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev kawm lus sau ntawv sai sai.
| Cov kab lus lees paub (+) | noun + verb nyob rau hauv thawj daim ntawv (yog hais tias tus hais lus yog los ntawm tus thib 3 tus neeg nyob rau hauv cov lus, ces lub ntsiab predicate xaus nrog -s los yog qhov kawg "es" rau verbs uas xaus nyob rau hauv "x, o, ss, sh, ch, s") |
| Kev tsis zoo (-) | noun + auxiliary verb + particle not + verb in the first form (tus -s particle is not use when using do) |
| Cov lus nug (?) | pecial question word + auxiliary verb + noun + first form verb |
Verbs in Present Simple
Rau kev tsim cov kab lus, tag nrho cov lus qhia tseem ceeb: modal, auxiliary thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov lus qhia tseem ceeb semantic. Ua ke, lawv tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas ua rau feem ntau ntawm ob qho tib si no thiab tag nrho cov lus Askiv.
Qhov Yooj Yim Tam Sim No siv thawj, daim ntawv tsis kawg ntawm cov lus qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj cov nuances uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim ib kab lus ntawm lub sijhawm no:
- Hauv kab lus lees paub los ntawm tus neeg thib peb cov lus, cov lus qhia tau txais cov lus hais -s.
- Cov particle -s tsis yog siv rau hauv kev tsis lees paub thiab cov lus nug thib peb tus neeg siv cov ntawv ua.
- Nyob rau hauv kab lus nug, cov lus qhia pab cuam yog siv ua ntej qhov kev kawm. Yog hais tias lo lus nug yog hom tshwj xeeb, cov lus nug yog siv ua ntej lawv.
- Yog lo lus nug no yog rau cov ntsiab lus nws tus kheej, ces Leej twg yog siv los hloov cov ntsiab lus thiab siv ua ntej lub predicate.
Cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv Tam Sim No Yooj Yim, lub rooj sib txuas uas tau muab hauv qab no, yog lub hauv paus uas tsis muaj qhov uas nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem hais tawm ib qho kev xav.
| Nruas | Face | Cov kab lus tshaj tawm | kab lus tsis zoo | Cov lus nug |
| ib. | 1 | Kuv kos. | Kuv tsis kos. | Kuv puas kos? |
| 2 | Koj kos. | Koj tsis txhob kos. | Koj puas kos? | |
| 3 |
Nws draws. Nws draws. Nws draws. |
Nws tsis kos. Nws tsis kos. Nws tsis kos. |
Nws kos? Nws kos? Nws kos? |
|
| pl. | 1 | Koj kos. | Koj tsis txhob kos. | Koj puas kos? |
| 2 | Peb kos. | Peb tsis kos. | Peb puas kos? | |
| 3 | Lawv kos. | Lawv tsis kos. | Pob kos? |
Nws yog ib yam uas yuav tsum tau kawm seb Lub Rooj Simple Tam Sim No zoo li cas, thiab lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv kev xyaum cov kev paub tau txais. Qee zaum, saib ib kab lus, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd qhov twg grammatical tense nws belongs. Tias yog vim li cas thiaj muaj cov lus cim - ib hom kev ntsuas ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Lawv feem ntau yog siv tom qab modal / tshwj xeeb pabcuam lossis thaum kawg ntawm kab lus. Cov lus cim rau tam sim no Yooj Yim:
- qee zaus - qee zaum,
- regularly - tas li,
- rarrely - tsis tshua muaj,
- fawm - nquag,
- at the weekend - at the weekend,
- on Wednesday - Wednesdays,
- txhua hnub - txhua hnub,
- ntawm hnub so - hnub so,
- ib txwm - ib txwm,
- 9 teev sawv ntxov - 9 teev tsaus ntuj,
- ib txwm - feem ntau.
