Txhua hom lus yog qhov tshwj xeeb, zoo nkauj thiab nyuaj rau kev nkag siab thiab kawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov neeg uas xav tias cov pab pawg neeg African muaj cov lus ntawm ntau lub kaum ob lo lus yog qhov yuam kev loj heev. Lavxias, Askiv, German, Suav, Fabkis - ib qho tsis tuaj yeem hais tau yooj yim dua li lwm tus. Ib tug neeg uas paub ntau yam lus muaj tus yuam sij rau suav tsis txheeb cov khoom muaj nqis, txij li txhua lub teb chaws muaj nws cov kab lis kev cai, kev lis kev cai, nthuav dav rau kev kawm. Tus huab tais Roman Charles V tau hais tias Fabkis yuav tsum hais lus nrog cov phooj ywg, German nrog yeeb ncuab, Spanish nrog Vajtswv, thiab Italian nrog poj niam.
Linguistics yog dab tsi?
Linguistics yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb loj. Txhua lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus, sib piv cov kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Linguistics yog ib ceg ntawm linguistics uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus. Kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib txawv ntawm cov lus, lawv lub zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog, cov lus ntawm cov neeg sib txawv. Linguists xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, cov qauv ntawm cov lus. Txhua tus kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias cov lus muaj lub hauv paus zoo sib xws, sib npaugdegrees nyuaj kom txog rau thaum ib tug neeg to taub yuav ua li cas qhia lawv, dab tsi yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau. Lawv muaj cov suab thiab cov lus, lub tsev uas nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kev txiav txim, ib tug neeg tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb mechanism rau tsim ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus. Tus kws qhia lus yog ib tus neeg kawm lus, lawv txoj kev loj hlob, hloov pauv raws sijhawm.
Main Sections of Linguistics
Nqe lus piav qhia, dhau los, muab faib ua ob peb ntu: theoretical, siv thiab siv tau. Txhua tus ntawm lawv daws nws tus kheej cov teeb meem. Theoretical linguistics cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog kev cai lij choj, kev tsim cov theories thiab cov cai. Nws yog empirical thiab normative. Thawj piav qhia hais tias nws yog, thiab qhov thib ob qhia hais tias yuav hais li cas. Linguistics cov kws tshawb fawb kawm cov lus, nrhiav qhov sib xws ntawm lawv, tsim cov pab pawg cuam tshuam nrog lawv, nrhiav cov lus thoob ntiaj teb, thiab lwm yam.
Kev siv lus piav qhia suav nrog kev qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog kev txhim kho cov khoom siv txhais lus tshwj xeeb, kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus system, kev tsim cov coding theories, thiab lwm yam. Cov lus siv tswv yim muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog kev paub ntawm cov lus, hloov cov kev paub no rau lwm tus. Qhov no yuav tsum suav nrog kev kawm txog haiv neeg thiab txawv teb chaws los ntawm cov menyuam yaus, kev txhais lus, kos duab thiab tsim cov lus txhua hnub, tsim qauv lus. Cov tswv yim kev paub lus pom kev siv rau cov kev xav uas tsim los ntawm cov ntu ntu ntawm kev hais lus.
Tus no yog leej twgtus linguist?
Linguists tau muab faib ua ob peb hom, tab sis lawv txhua tus muaj ib lub hom phiaj - kawm kom ntxaws txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus. Ib tug linguist yog ib tug neeg uas kawm txog kev tsim, kev loj hlob thiab kev hloov ntawm ib hom lus lossis tag nrho pawg. Tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem nrhiav daim ntawv thov rau nws txoj kev paub hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm. Cov koom haum tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, uas cov kws qhia lus suav sau ntau phau ntawv siv, phau ntawv txhais lus, thiab tshawb nrhiav cov neeg uas tsis tau kawm yav dhau los.
Cov kws tshaj lij tseem tuaj yeem koom tes nrog kev txhais cov ntawv, qhia cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv hom lus thiab txawv teb chaws. Lawv pab cov me nyuam nkag siab thiab nco ntsoov cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev tsim kev hais lus, sau cov lus.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub lus Askiv?
Txhua tus neeg txhais lus yuav tsum tau muab faib ua peb pawg tseem ceeb. Thawj tus yuav tsum suav nrog cov kws paub lus Askiv kawm ib hom lus. Nws tuaj yeem yog haiv neeg thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov kws tshaj lij no tsis nthuav tawm lawv tus kheej dhau ntau txoj haujlwm, tab sis kev siv sijhawm txhua lub sijhawm los kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hais lus ntawm ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb. Cov qeb thib ob suav nrog cov kws paub lus niaj hnub uas kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib pawg lus. Ntawm lawv yog cov kws tshawb fawb Mongolian, novelists, Germanists thiab lwm tus kws tshaj lij. Pab pawg thib peb suav nrog cov kws tshaj lij kawm cov lus hauv cheeb tsam. Cov no yog Africanists, Asianists, Americanists thiab lwm yam. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua ntawm linguists kuj txawv nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab seem. Piv txwv li, morphologists, syntaxists, semanticists, phoneticians yog singled tawm.
Yam kev kawm zoo li cas?
Cov kws paub lus Askiv tau kawm ntawm cov lus tshwj xeeb lossis philological faculties. Tab sis, raws li cov kws tshaj lij lawv tus kheej lees paub, kev kawm zoo li no tsis txaus rau feem ntau. Ib tug linguist yog ib tug neeg muaj ntau haiv neeg, niaj hnub nrhiav kev paub tshiab. Txhawm rau dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij hauv koj txoj haujlwm, ntxiv rau kom tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab ntawm kev kawm philological, koj yuav tsum ua tiav kev kawm tiav qib siab, kev xyaum haujlwm lossis kev kawm kws kho mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav koj cov kev paub tas li nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem paub txhua yam, thiab cov lus tsis nyob twj ywm, tab sis hloov pauv.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia
Txhim tawv tawv, ua siab ntev, ua haujlwm siab, ua siab ntev, erudition, kev kawm, attiveness, scrupulousness, kev qhuab qhia - cov no yog lub ntsiab qualities uas ib tug zoo tshwj xeeb yuav tsum muaj. Ib tug kws paub lus lus nyob rau hauv txhua qhov teeb meem yuav tsum nyob twj ywm optimistic, xav zoo thiab constructively. Ib tug kws tshaj lij nyob rau hauv nws daim teb - tsis tsuas yog ib tug linguist, tab sis kuj yog ib tug kws tshuaj ntsuam. Ib tug linguist yuav tsum nco txog ntau cov ntaub ntawv, ua tib zoo saib cov ntsiab lus me me. Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau paub yuav ua li cas qhia lawv cov kev xav zoo nkauj thiab muaj peev xwm, thiab ua rau muaj kev nyiam rau kev tshawb fawb. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "linguist" qhia tias tus neeg zoo li no yuav tsum paub cov lus uas tau kawm. Yuav kom ua tau li no, nws yuav tsum muaj kev xav paub, muaj kev hnov lus zoo thiab nco txog cov lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv.
Linguists ua haujlwm nyob qhov twg?
Tsis ntev los no, txoj haujlwm no tsis tau muaj neeg nyiam, vim tias cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis ntseeg tias yav tom ntej lawv yuav muaj teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, Lavxias teb sab lus tuaj yeem nrhiav tau daim ntawv thov rau lawv cov kev paub hauv kev coj noj coj ua, kev tshawb fawb, thiab kev kawm. Nrog rau daim ntawv pov thawj zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem tau txais txoj haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm ntawv. Qee cov kws tshaj lij nyiam ua haujlwm tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum nrhiav ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv lub koom haum tshawb fawb uas koj tuaj yeem kawm txog cov yam ntxwv thiab theem ntawm kev txhim kho lus. Raws li kev tshawb fawb, cov kws tshaj lij sau cov ntawv tshawb fawb, ua haujlwm, sau cov ntawv siv, koom nrog hauv kev tsim thiab tsim cov phau ntawv rau qib kindergartens, tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab.
Txoj kev txhim kho thiab kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev siv tshuab computer tau nthuav dav qhov kev ua ub no ntawm cov kws paub lus. Tam sim no cov kws tshaj lij no tau koom tes nrog kev tsim kho thiab tsim ntau yam kev pab cuam, tsim kom raug kev hais lus lem. Ib tug linguist yog ib tug tswv ntawm cov lus, nyob qhov twg nws yuav ua hauj lwm, yog hais tias tsis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv technology? Cov kws tshaj lij zoo tsim nyog lawv qhov hnyav kub hauv kev tshaj tawm, tshaj tawm, kev sib raug zoo rau pej xeem.
Ntau tus ntseeg tias nws muaj peev xwm mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tus ntaiv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam tsev lossis tus thawj coj ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv hauv qee lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov kev cia siab zoo li no tsis txaus nyiam heev, txij li cov nyiaj ua haujlwm hauv kev tshawb fawb tsawg. Cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj peev xwm tseem tuaj yeem sim lawv tes ntawm kev lag luam, xws li dhau los ua tus txhais lus lossisxa mus rau hauv ib lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb. Cov hauj lwm zoo li no them nyiaj ntau tshaj qhov txaus. Feem ntau, nrhiav hauj lwm ua ib tug neeg txhais lus tsis yog ib qho teeb meem, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua tus kws tshaj lij zoo nrog lub neej nquag.
Puas yog txoj haujlwm xav tau?
Feem ntau cov kws paub lus paub nrhiav haujlwm tau yooj yim. Txoj haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hu ua dav thiab tseem ceeb, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov kws tshaj lij zoo tau them nyiaj hli zoo. Ib tug linguist tuaj yeem paub nws tus kheej li tus kws tshawb fawb, kws tshawb fawb, kws qhia ntawv, tus txhais lus, xa mus, tus kws tshaj lij xov xwm thev naus laus zis, tus tsim software hauv computer. Nyob ntawm tus kheej nyiam thiab lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum xaiv txoj haujlwm rau koj tus kheej.
