Cov zaub mov twg hauv Belarus muaj qhov tshwj xeeb? Dab tsi yog zais hauv lub plab ntawm lub tebchaws European sab hnub tuaj no? Yuav ua li cas rationally yog cov mineral peev txheej ntawm lub koom pheej tau tsim thiab siv? Peb yuav sim teb tag nrho cov lus nug hauv kab lus no.
Lub Tebchaws ntawm Belarus: cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tebchaws
Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm Belarus yog qhov txawv ntawm ntau yam. Nov yog:
- tiaj tus;
- predominance ntawm pluag sod-podzolic thiab sod-bog xau;
- kev nyab xeeb continental nrog lub caij ntuj no thaws ntau zaus;
- dej tsaws tsag tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av (kwv yees li 30%);
- pas dej hiav txwv loj (muaj tsawg kawg yog 10 txhiab) tag nrho).
Hais txog ib feem peb ntawm lub tebchaws yog npog nrog hav zoov, feem ntau yog ntoo qhib, birch, aspen, spruce lossis ntoo thuv. Ntau lub pas dej thiab swamps ntawm Belarus tau xaiv ntau hom noog. Lub xeev muaj ib tug cia Belovezhskaya Pushcha, uas yog paub nyob deb dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws nyob ntawm no uas muaj cov pej xeem coob ntawm cov nyuj muaj kev tiv thaiv, nrog rau thaj tsam kawg ntawm cov hav zoov nyob hauv Europe.
Cov peev txheej ntxhia ntawm Belarus: khaws cia thiab qib ntawm kev txhim kho
Muaj txog 4 txhiab qhov tso nyiaj ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ntxhia hauv koom pheej ntawm Belarus. Lub teb chaws yog nto moo thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no rau nws loj reserves ntawm potash ntsev. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov kev lag luam deposits, nws occupies ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe.
Lwm cov zaub mov ntawm Belarus yog pob zeb ntsev, peat, nrog rau cov khoom siv raw rau kev lag luam (granites, dolomites, chalk, limestone thiab lwm yam). Tseem muaj cov roj me me hauv lub tebchaws. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob tau pib thaum xyoo 1960. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no lub teb chaws tsuas yog 12-15% ntawm nws qhov kev thov rau cov kub dub.
Nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm Belarus kuj tseem muaj qhov zoo tib yam, ib txwm kub, nrog rau cov pob zeb diamond (raws li kev xav ntawm qee tus kws tshaj lij geologists). Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev rho tawm yuav nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig vim qhov tshwm sim tob dhau ntawm cov peev txheej no.
Cov khoom siv mining thiab tshuaj lom neeg: phosphorites, potash thiab pob zeb ntsev
Phosphorite deposits tau tshawb nrhiav hauv thaj av Mogilev ntawm tebchaws. Ntawm no, raws li geologists, muaj kwv yees li 60 lab tons ntawm cov khoom siv raw no. Nyob rau hauv Belarus, phosphorites tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nyias slabs los yog dispersed nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej ntawm xuab zeb.
Potassium ntsev kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv lub plab hauv lub tebchaws. Cov deposits ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av no yog concentrated nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Belarus (Starobinskoe, Oktyabrskoe, Petrikovskoe). Lawv cov peev txheej kev lag luam raug kwv yees los ntawm geologists ntawm 10 billion tons, thiab tag nrho(kev kwv yees) - yuav luag 80 billion tons.
Yuav luag tsis muaj qhov txwv ntawm pob zeb ntsev tau pom hauv Belarus. Lawv nyob hauv Pripyat kev nyuaj siab, ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 25,000 square kilometers. Lub Upper Devonian deposits ntawm pob zeb ntsev tsim nyob rau hauv ob txheej. Cov peev txheej tseem tab tom raug khawb hauv ob qhov chaw - ntawm Mozyr thiab Starobin tso nyiaj. Lawv cov peev txheej muaj txog li 22 billion tons ntawm raw khoom.
Mineral raw khoom rau kev tsim kho kev lag luam
Cov ntxhia siv hauv kev tsim kho muaj xws li loams thiab av nplaum, xuab zeb, gravel, pebbles, chalk, marl, limestone, granites, dolomites, labradorites, marble, kaolin thiab lwm yam pob zeb. Thaj chaw ntawm Belarus yog cov nplua nuj nyob hauv cov zaub mov no.
Fusible av nplaum tau faib yuav luag thoob plaws tebchaws. Mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lawv tau mined txawm nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm Minsk. Av nplaum ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Vitebsk. Tag nrho cov reserves ntawm fusible av nplaum nyob rau hauv Belarus yog kwv yees ntawm yuav luag ib thiab ib nrab billion tons. Kwv yees li cov khoom siv pob zeb thiab pebble tib yam hauv lub tebchaws. Refractory thiab refractory av nplaum tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Loevsky thiab Stolin.
Silicate thiab kev tsim cov xuab zeb kuj tseem ua haujlwm mined ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Belarus. Lawv tag nrho cov peev txheej kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm ob billion cubic meters ntawm raw khoom. Lub tsev xuab zeb yog tam sim no mined ntawm 20 deposits. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv yog nyob ze ntawm lub zosLebezhany, cheeb tsam Baranovichi.
Belarusian subsoil kuj muaj cov khoom siv raw rau kev lag luam cement - marl, chalk, thiab moraine av nplaum. Tshwj xeeb, qhov loj tshaj plaws deposit ntawm cement raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, Kommunarskoye, tau tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub Kostyukovichi cheeb tsam. Peb lub Hoobkas ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Tab sis nyob ze lub nroog Vitebsk muaj ib tug loj deposit ntawm dolomite.
Nyob rau hauv Belarus, ntxhia pigments (dyes) kuj muab rho tawm los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab hauv, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam sectors ntawm kev lag luam. Cov no yog cov chalk dawb, ocher, siderite thiab glauconite.
Ore minerals
Yam tsawg kawg yog ob lub pob hlau hlau tau paub hauv Belarus. Lawv nyob hauv cheeb tsam Korelichsky thiab Stolbtsovsky. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub zos quartzite yog tsawg thiab muaj li 30%. Kev rho tawm ntawm ore kuj nyuaj vim qhov tshwm sim sib sib zog nqus ntawm nws cov txheej.
Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws, raws li geologists ntseeg, tej zaum yuav muaj cov deposits ntawm ib co non-ferrous hlau, tshwj xeeb, haiv neeg tooj liab thiab chalcopyrite. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Lelchitsy, qhov concentration ntawm uranium nyob rau hauv sediments yog heev siab thiab mus txog qib kev lag luam (uas yog, lub koom haum ntawm nws cov khoom ntawm no yuav muaj txiaj ntsim). Feem ntau, geologists txuas ntxiv mus tshawb xyuas sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws, qhov twg cov pob zeb ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog crystalline tuaj rau saum npoo. Raws li lawv, nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej nws yuav muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau tshiab deposits ntawm ntau yam metallic minerals muaj.
Roj ntxhia: roj, roj, peat
thawj lub qhov dej hauv Belarus tau drilled nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Txawm li cas los xij, muab rho tawm los ntawm nwscov roj tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Dub kub ntawm ib qho kev lag luam scale pib mined ntawm no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1960s. Lub nroog Rechitsa hauv cheeb tsam Gomel tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm Belarusian roj ntau lawm. Cov roj hauv zos twb tau zoo dua. Lwm qhov chaw loj roj (Ostashkovichskoye) tau pom nees nkaum kilometers ntawm Rechitsa.
Hnub no, kwv yees li tsib lub teb roj tau tshawb fawb hauv Belarus. Tag nrho cov nyiaj khaws tseg ntawm cov kub dub hauv lawv muaj txog li 90 lab tons. Txhua xyoo, lub teb chaws rho tawm txog ob lab ntawm cov khoom nyoos no los ntawm nws lub plab.
Belarusian roj kuj muaj qee yam ntawm cov roj sib txuas. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov khoom siv tsuas yog ib feem pua ntawm lub teb chaws cov kev xav tau tag nrho rau cov peev txheej no. Cov pa roj sib txuas yog siv los tsim hluav taws xob ntawm ib qho ntawm cov thermal fais fab nroj tsuag, thiab tseem siv los ua kom sov cov tsev nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Gomel.
Nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov ntawm lub tebchaws muaj colossal deposits ntawm lwm qhov chaw roj - peat. Lawv tag nrho cov reserves yog hais txog 30 billion cubic meters ntawm raw khoom. Txog hnub tim, peat yog mined hauv Belarus ntawm 42 deposits. Lawv feem ntau nyob hauv cheeb tsam Polesie.
Qee qhov cog qoob loo ntawm lub tebchaws
Dab tsi lwm cov zaub mov tau cog lus tias yuav raug mined hauv Belarus? Muaj ob peb ntawm lawv:
- lignite;
- roj shale;
- gypsum.
Ntau cov roj shale tau tshawb fawb hauv lub tebchaws,uas pw ntawm qhov tob txog li 600 meters. Lawv tag nrho cov reserves yog kwv yees ntawm kaum ib billion tons. Belarusian plab hnyuv siab raum kuj muaj cov xim av xim av. Loj deposits ntawm cov peev txheej roj no tau raug txheeb xyuas nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Pripyat trough. Qhov tseem ceeb deposits ntawm gypsum yog concentrated nyob rau hauv tib cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog kwv yees los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm 400 lab tons.
thaj chaw ntawm Belarus, vim qhov peculiarities ntawm cov qauv geological, kuj muaj cov dej ntxhia hauv av. Ntau qhov chaw ntawm sulfate, hydrocarbonate, magnesium thiab lwm yam dej tau raug txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws.
Cov teeb meem niaj hnub thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv cov peev txheej hauv Belarus
Thaum kawg ntawm 2015, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Republican Alexander Lukashenko tau tuav lub rooj sib tham uas, tshwj xeeb, lub xeev thiab tam sim no siv lub teb chaws cov peev txheej ntxhia tau tham txog. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev tau hais tias Belarus yuav tsum txo qis nws txoj kev vam khom rau cov khoom siv raw khoom txawv teb chaws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas twb tau tshawb pom lawm, nrog rau nquag tshawb nrhiav cov tshiab.
Belarus siv nyiaj txhua xyoo txog 11 billion las rau kev yuav cov hydrocarbons los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub teb chaws kuj imports cov minerals uas muaj nyob rau hauv ntau ntau nyob rau hauv lub plab mog ntawm lub koom pheej. Peb tab tom tham txog pob zeb, pob zeb crushed, gypsum. Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam nrog lwm cov peev txheej tseem ceeb: yog li, muaj ntawm nws pov tseg cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej ntxhia zoo, lub teb chaws yuavdej haus los ntawm Fabkis, Ltalis thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
Belarus twb tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov peev txheej hauv zos, uas yuav tsum txhim kho qhov xwm txheej.
In xaus…
Txog 4 txhiab qhov kev tso nyiaj sib txawv twb tau tshawb fawb hauv lub tebchaws. Cov pob zeb nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Belarus, uas tau tsim los niaj hnub no, yog potash ntsev, roj thiab roj, peat, pob zeb ntsev, dolomites, mortar xuab zeb, av nplaum thiab marls.
