Centrifugation yog dab tsi? Txoj kev siv rau dab tsi? Lo lus "centrifugation" txhais tau hais tias kev sib cais ntawm cov kua los yog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv rau hauv ntau qhov feem siv centrifugal rog. Qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom no yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - centrifuges. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev yog dab tsi?
Centrifugation txoj cai
Cia peb xav txog lub ntsiab lus kom ntxaws ntxiv. Centrifugation yog qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv los ntawm kev sib hloov ceev ceev hauv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub centrifuge yog lub rotor, uas muaj cov qhov rau kev txhim kho cov hlab ntsha nrog cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau muab cais ua cov feem. Thaum lub sij hawm tig ntawm lub rotor ntawm high speeds, centrifugal quab yuam los rau hauv kev ua si. Cov khoom uas muab tso rau hauv cov raj kuaj tau muab cais ua cov khoom sib txawv raws li qib ntawm qhov ceev. Piv txwv li, centrifuging hauv av qauv cais cov kua thiab precipitates cov khib nyiab nws muaj.
Authormethod
Thawj zaug nws tau paub tias centrifugation yog dab tsi, tom qab kev sim ua los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb A. F. Lebedev. Cov txheej txheem tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb los txiav txim siab txog cov dej hauv av. Yav dhau los, kua daws teeb meem ua raws li kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom kuaj los ntawm nws tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev centrifugation ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no sai dua. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev sib cais no, nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom seem ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kua hauv daim ntawv qhuav hauv ib feeb.
Cov kauj ruam ntawm centrifugation
Differential centrifugation pib nrog kev daws cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam. Xws li kev ua ntawm cov khoom siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub particle ntawm cov teeb meem yog sib cais nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Qhov no tso cai rau cov tshuaj npaj rau kev sib cais zoo dua siv lub zog centrifugal.
Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj hauv cov hlab ntsha tau lim. Nyob rau theem no, lub npe hu ua perforated nruas yog siv, uas yog tsim los cais cov kua dej los ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov dej num tau nthuav tawm, tag nrho cov sediment tseem nyob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub centrifuge.
Txoj kev txiaj ntsig
Piv rau lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev sib cais ntawm tus kheej, xws li kev pom lossis kev daws teeb meem, centrifugation ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais precipitate nrog cov dej noo tsawg kawg nkaus. Kev siv txoj kev sib cais no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm cais tau cov kev sib cais zoo. Qhov tshwm sim yogtau txais cov khoom nrog qhov loj ntawm 5-10 microns. Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm centrifugation yog qhov ua tau ntawm nws txoj kev siv cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntim me me thiab qhov ntev. Lub tsuas drawback ntawm txoj kev yog lub siab zog noj ntawm li.
Centrifugation hauv biology
Hauv biology, kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv cov khoom sib cais yog siv thaum tsim nyog los npaj kev npaj rau kev kuaj xyuas hauv lub tshuab tsom. Centrifugation ntawm no yog nqa tawm ntawm cov khoom siv nyuaj - cytorotors. Cov khoom siv zoo li no, ntxiv rau qhov sib tw rau cov raj ntsuas, tau nruab nrog cov qauv tuav, txhua yam iav slides ntawm cov qauv tsim. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thiab, raws li, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem khaws tau los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim ntawm centrifuge thaum ua kev tshawb fawb hauv biology.
Centrifugation hauv kev lag luam roj refining
Txoj kev centrifugation yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim roj. Muaj hydrocarbon fossils los ntawm cov dej tsis tau tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm distillation. Centrifugation ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kua ntau dhau los ntawm cov roj muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua kom nws zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov roj yog yaj nyob rau hauv benzene, ces rhuab mus rau 60 o C, thiab ces raug rau centrifugal quab yuam. Thaum kawg, ntsuas cov dej seem hauv cov khoom thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, rov ua cov txheej txheem.
ntshav centrifugation
Txoj kev no yog siv dav rau kev kho mobhom phiaj. Hauv tshuaj, nws tso cai rau koj los daws cov teeb meem hauv qab no:
- Tau txais cov qauv ntshav purified rau plasmapheresis. Rau cov hom phiaj no, cov qe ntshav raug cais tawm ntawm nws cov ntshav hauv lub centrifuge. Kev ua haujlwm ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tau cov ntshav ntawm cov kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau, cov kab mob pathogenic, co toxins.
- Npaj ntshav rau kev hloov pauv tus neeg pub dawb. Tom qab sib cais cov kua hauv lub cev mus rau hauv cov feem sib cais los ntawm centrifugation, cov qe ntshav raug xa rov qab mus rau tus neeg pub dawb, thiab cov plasma yog siv rau kev hloov pauv lossis khov rau tom qab siv.
- Kev cais cov platelet loj. Cov tshuaj yog tau los ntawm cov ntshav plasma enriched nrog platelets. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim yog siv nyob rau hauv kev phais thiab hematological departments ntawm cov tsev kho mob, hauv kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev, chav ua haujlwm. Kev siv cov platelet loj hauv cov tshuaj ua rau nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov neeg raug tsim txom.
- Synthesis ntawm erythrocyte loj. Centrifugation ntawm cov qe ntshav tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cais me me ntawm nws cov feem ntau raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom tiav tiav, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv erythrocytes, yog siv rau kev tso ntshav hauv cov ntshav, kev ua haujlwm. Erythrocyte loj feem ntau yog siv los kho ntshav ntshav thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv lub cev.
Hauv kev xyaum kho mob niaj hnub no, ntau yam khoom siv ntawm ib tiam tshiab tau siv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub nruas tig mus rau qhov nrawm thiab nres nws ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom meej meej cais cov ntshav mus rau hauv cov ntshav liab, platelets, ntshav, ntshav thiabclots. Lwm cov kua dej hauv lub cev raug tshuaj xyuas zoo ib yam, tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj nyob hauv cov zis sib cais.
Centrifuges: hom tseem ceeb
Peb paub tias qhov centrifugation yog dab tsi. Tam sim no cia saib seb cov khoom siv twg siv los siv txoj hauv kev. Centrifuges yog kaw los yog qhib, nrog ib tug neeg kho tshuab lossis phau ntawv tsav. Lub ntsiab ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv qhib cov khoom siv yog lub rotating axis nyob vertically. Nyob rau hauv nws sab sauv, ib tug bar yog perpendicularly tsau, qhov twg movable hlau tes tsho nyob. Lawv muaj cov hlab ntsha tshwj xeeb, nqaim hauv qab. Cov paj rwb yog muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub tes tsho, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov iav kuaj raj hauv kev sib cuag nrog hlau. Tom ntej no, lub apparatus yog teem nyob rau hauv motion. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov kua tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov khib nyiab tshem tawm. Tom qab ntawd, phau ntawv centrifuge nres. Ib ntom, cov khoom siv nag los yog cov pa rau hauv qab ntawm cov leeg sim. Saum toj no yog cov kua ib feem ntawm cov khoom.
Mechanical kaw hom centrifuges muaj ntau lub tes tsho kom haum rau cov raj ntsuas. Cov khoom siv zoo li no yooj yim dua li phau ntawv. Lawv cov rotors tau tsav los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm mus txog 3000 rpm. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua kev sib cais ntawm cov kua tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom.
Txoj kev npaj tube thaum lub sijhawm centrifugation
Tub uas siv raucentrifugation, yuav tsum tau sau nrog cov khoom siv ntsuas ntawm qhov sib npaug. Yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb high-precision scale yog siv rau kev ntsuas ntawm no. Thaum ntsuas ntau lub raj hauv lub centrifuge yog xav tau, cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yog siv. Tom qab hnyav ib khub ntawm lub khob ntim thiab ua tiav tib qhov loj, ib qho ntawm lawv tau tso tseg raws li tus qauv. Cov raj tom ntej yog sib npaug nrog cov qauv no ua ntej muab tso rau hauv lub cuab yeej. Cov txheej txheem no ua kom nrawm rau kev ua haujlwm yog tias tsim nyog los npaj tag nrho cov raj rau centrifugation.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntau dhau yeej tsis muab tso rau hauv cov raj xa mus. Cov iav ntim tau ntim rau hauv txoj kev uas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ntug yog tsawg kawg yog 10 hli. Txwv tsis pub, cov khoom yuav nchuav tawm ntawm lub raj xa mus los ntawm lub zog centrifugal.
Supercentrifuges
Txhawm rau cais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev ncua zoo heev, cov lus qhia ib txwm siv lossis cov tshuab centrifuges tsis txaus. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm lub zog centrifugal. Supercentrifuges yog siv los ua cov txheej txheem zoo li no.
Cov khoom siv ntawm cov phiaj xwm nthuav tawm yog nruab nrog lub qhov muag tsis pom kev hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub raj me me txoj kab uas hla - tsis ntau tshaj 240 hli. Qhov ntev ntawm lub nruas ho ntau tshaj nws cov hlaws, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau kom muaj ntau lub kiv puag ncig thiab tsim kom muaj zog centrifugal.
Nyob rau hauv lub supercentrifuge, cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas nkag mus rau hauv lub nruas, txav mus rau hauv lub raj thiab tsoo tshwj xeeb reflectors uas muab pov tseg.cov khoom siv ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov cuab yeej. Kuj tseem muaj cov chav tsim los rau cais tawm ntawm lub teeb thiab cov kua hnyav.
Supercentrifuge cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog:
- kev nruj nruj;
- siab tshaj qhov sib cais;
- compact size;
- muaj peev xwm cais cov tshuaj ntawm qib molecular.
Nyob hauv kaw
Yog li peb pom tias centrifugation yog dab tsi. Tam sim no, txoj kev pom nws daim ntawv thov thaum nws tsim nyog los cais cov sediments ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, purify kua, thiab cais cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Ultracentrifuges yog siv los cais cov khoom ntawm qib molecular. Txoj kev centrifugation yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj, roj, nuclear, zaub mov industries, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj.
