Txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom siv hauv tsev, txawm tias rooj tog hauv peb lub tsev yog tsim los ntawm kev kos duab tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg cov ntsiab lus tau kos ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd cov rooj sib txoos ntawm cov khoom no tau qhia, txoj hauv kev ntawm fastening thiab teem lawv txheeb ze rau ib leeg yog qhia. Cov neeg uas sib sau cov khoom yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nyeem cov duab kos vim lawv ua ib hom kev qhia yuav ua li cas los sib sau ua ke yam uas tus tsim qauv npaj, nrog rau cov khoom siv thiab hom twg los ua qhov tsim nyog.
Basic concepts
Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm "kev sib sau ua ke" yog txhais tau tias yog ib daim ntawv pov thawj engineering uas piav qhia txog chav tsev nrog qhov tsim nyog thiab cov kev cai rau kev tsim khoom, nrog rau kev tswj kom zoo. Xws li ib daim duab yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom. Nws yuav tsum muab ib daim duab ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj sib txoos hauv cov khoom tiav nrog rau lwm qhov chaw. Kev sib sau ua ke yog ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm GOST 2.102-68 "Hom thiab ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim"
Kev nthuav dav - cov khoom lag luam ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm ESKD los ntawm ib qho khoom siv thiab tsis tas siv kev sib dhos ua haujlwm.
Kev kos duab ntawm ib feem yog tus tsim cov ntaub ntawv, qhov twg muaj cov duab ntawm ib feem, tag nrho qhov tsim nyog qhov ntev los ua nws, thiab nws cov txheej txheem yog sau rau hauv cov kev cai, yog tias tsim nyog.
Daim duab yuav tsum muaj dab tsi
Txhua qhov kev kos duab ntawm ib feem yuav tsum muaj cov hauv qab no:
- yuav ua li cas cov khoom sib dhos nyob rau hauv cov khoom tiav nrog rau lwm cov khoom;
- yuav ua li cas cov khoom sib txuas ua ke;
- tag nrho qhov ntev - lawv yuav qhia qhov ntev, qhov siab thiab dav qhov khoom yuav tsum muaj;
- qhov ntev ntawm kev teeb tsa - qhia qhov loj me ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus uas xav tau rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom;
- txuas qhov ntev - qhia qhov ntev ntawm cov ntsiab lus txuas nrog lwm qhov chaw lossis cov khoom sib dhos;
- siv qhov ntev - qhia ntawm daim duab los ntawm cov ntawv siv (rau cov qauv loj ntawm cov xov, txiv ntseej, bolts, ntsia hlau, thiab lwm yam);
- qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai sib txawv hauv kev tsim khoom, raws li kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav ua tiav;
- txoj hauv kev txuas rau ib leeg, qhia txog txhua qhov kev sib txuas thiab kev siv rau lawv qhov kev siv;
- txoj haujlwm ntawm txhua ntu hauv kev sib dhos, ua rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb;
- qhov ntsuas uas tau kos duab;
- khoom hnyav.
Cov cai yooj yim rau kev sib dhos kos duab
Kev ua tiav ntawm kev sib dhos yog ua tiav raws liCov cai ntawm GOST 2.109-73. Yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv rotating los yog txav qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom, ces nws raug tso cai los qhia lawv nyob rau hauv lub huab los yog nyob rau hauv lub intermediate txoj hauj lwm. Hauv qhov no, qhov ntev yuav tsum tau teev tseg. Yog tias kev nyeem cov duab sib dhos ua rau nyuaj, nws raug tso cai los qhia qee qhov sib cais los ntawm kev kos npe tsim nyog uas qhia txog txoj haujlwm.
Thaum ua cov ntu lossis txiav ntawm tib ntu, nws yuav tsum ua kom tib txoj kab nqes hav thiab qhov deb ntawm lawv thaum hatching.
Yog hais tias qhov txiav yog ua nyob rau ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm ob qhov sib txawv, ces lub hatching ntawm qhov chaw txiav ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv sib txawv kev taw qhia los yog sib txawv nrug ntawm inclined kab.
Yog tias tsim nyog, daim duab qhia txog qhov roughness, tso cai sib txawv ntawm cov qauv rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb lossis qhov. Kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov qauv uas koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov duab kos, tab sis yog tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, lawv tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib dhos kos duab.
Yog tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ib tus neeg yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav los ntawm kev haum lossis kev xaiv, ces kos npe tsim nyog.
Qhia ib feem txoj haujlwm
Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lub rooj sib txoos yog suav nrog raws li GOST 2.109-73.
Txhua qhov kev tivthaiv, nrog rau cov khoom siv, cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum muaj lawv tus lej xov tooj, uas tau muab rau lawv thaum kos cov lus qhia rau qhov kev sib dhos no.
Txhua txoj haujlwm hauv daim duab yog qhia los ntawm kab-callouts uas tau kos los ntawm txhua tus neeg ib feem lossis cov khoom siv. Qhov kawg ntawm txoj kab, uas yog nyob rau ntawm daim duab ntawm ib feem nws tus kheej, thickens nrog ib tug dot. Cov kab nws tus kheej thiab cov thawj coj txee yog piav raws li ib txoj kab nyias nyias. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab saib, txoj hauj lwm yog qhia rau txhua qhov pom. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov tsis pom yog qhia rau ntawm qhov kev pom ntxiv lossis ntu.
Inscriptions ntawm txoj haujlwm yog ua tib yam nrog rau kev hwm rau lub ntsiab lus sau hauv daim duab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov haujlwm yuav tsum raug coj tawm ntawm qhov contour ntawm qhov chaw, lawv tuaj yeem muab ua pawg.
Yog tias qhov qub nyob rau ntawm lub rooj sib txoos kos ob peb zaug, ces nws txoj hauj lwm tsuas yog muab tso rau ib zaug xwb, thiab hauv cov kab ke ntawm tus lej nws tau qhia ntau zaus nws rov ua dua ntawm daim duab.
Cov khoom naj npawb tau qhia hauv font uas yog 2 qhov loj dua li ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb thiab thav duab.
Txoj kab tsis raug tso cai hla thaum tso txoj haujlwm, thiab lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev taw qhia tib yam li cov kab hatch.
Kev yooj yim thiab cov cim hauv kos duab
Thaum ua kev kos duab sib dhos, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cim siv tau thiab yooj yim.
Chamfers, grooves, fillets, me me protrusions, recesses, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau qee qhov khoob, yog tias lawv me me, tej zaum yuav tsis pom ntawm cov duab kos.
Yog tias daim duab yuav tsum piav qhia cov khoom ntawm cov khoom uas raug kaw nrog lub hau lossis daim thaiv, tom qab ntawd yuav tsis tshwm sim. Lawv kuj ntxiv ib daim ntawv sau qhia txog yam khoom twg tsis qhia.
Yog tib yam khoom (lub log,kev txhawb nqa) yog siv ob peb zaug hauv cov khoom, nws raug tso cai los qhia nws cov duab ib zaug xwb.
Soldering, gluing lossis welding me ntsis tuaj yeem pom raws li qhov sib xws. Qhov no tawm ntawm ciam teb ntawm ntu ntawm qhov sib txawv.
Tsis tas li, raws li GOST 2.315-68, cov ntsiab lus fastener tau qhia hauv txoj kev yooj yim.
Specification
Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv tsim qauv uas qhia meej txog qhov ua tiav ntawm cov khoom sib dhos raws li GOST 2.108-68. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau ua tiav ntawm A4 hom sib cais rau txhua qhov sib dhos. Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm lub rooj sib txoos tau kos npe rau hauv nws.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv dav dav, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yog tsim los ntawm cov ntu hauv qab no hauv ntu: cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom sib dhos, qhov chaw, cov khoom lag luam, lwm yam khoom, cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv.
Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj txhua ntu muaj nyob hauv txhua qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog tias ib qho ntawm lawv tsis tau sau, nws tsuas yog tsis tau sau tseg. Lub npe ntawm ntu yog sau, hla ob kab ntawm qhov kawg nkag ntawm qhov dhau los, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm kab - lub npe, kos los ntawm ib txoj kab ncaj nraim.
Cov khoom muaj npe nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau. Tus naj npawb ntawm txoj haujlwm mus los ntawm thawj ntu los ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov kab sib txuas, GOST lossis kev xaiv ntawm ib feem thiab lawv tus lej hauv lub rooj sib txoos no tau qhia.
Kev sib dhos ntawm kos duab
Daim duab sib dhos yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tiav, lossis ua ntej kos duab ntawm cov khoom yog tsim hauv cov haujlwm xws li SolidWorks, Kompas 3D, thiab twbces cov duab lawv tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm lawv.
Ua ntej koj pib kos duab, koj xav tau:
- kawm cov ntsiab lus, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom thiab nws lub hom phiaj;
- txheeb xyuas qhov kev txiav txim uas cov khoom tiav yuav raug sib sau ua ke;
- kos ib txoj kev npaj nrog kev xaiv ntawm txhua yam;
- ua sketches rau txhua qhov chaw suav nrog hauv kev sib dhos (tshwj tsis yog cov qauv), xyuas kom txhua qhov chaw muaj tag nrho qhov ntev tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom, nrog rau kev kho deg thiab roughness;
- xaiv cov duab qhia ntau tshaj plaws rau kev tso rau ntawm daim duab kos, ua kom tsawg kawg ntawm cov kev pom ntxiv thiab txiav;
- raws li qhov loj ntawm cov duab xaiv, tus naj npawb ntawm kev pom thiab txiav, xaiv qhov loj tshaj plaws haum hom;
- sau cov duab kos;
- ua kom tiav cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov duab, kos cov haujlwm ua tiav;
- siv txhua qhov ntau thiab tsawg, tus lej ua haujlwm, kos npe rau txhua hom, txiav;
- sau cov kev cai rau kev tsim khoom raws li daim duab no;
- sau cov lus qhia.
Hauv qab no yog cov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab kos.
Yuav ua li cas nyeem cov duab sib dhos
Nyeem cov duab sib dhos txhais tau tias, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, kev kawm ua ntej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom siv li cas thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas.
Thaum nyeem cov duab kos koj xav tau:
- nkag siab nws ua haujlwm li casthiab cov khoom no yog npaj rau dab tsi, raws li cov ntawv sau nyob rau hauv lub thav duab ntawm daim ntawv;
- txiav txim siab seb cov khoom lag luam twg muaj raws li qhov tshwj xeeb;
- txheeb xyuas seb txhua tus neeg yog dab tsi rau, nws qhov chaw thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus;
- txiav txim siab qhov ntu uas cov khoom yuav raug tshem tawm thiab sib sau ua ke (nyeem cov ntawv sau tseem ceeb hauv tus ncej, cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab thiab nws cov yam ntxwv, sib cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov lus qhia thiab ntawm daim duab kos);
- kawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov khoom tiav lossis nws qhov sib npaug;
- txheeb xyuas seb tus kheej li cas txuas rau ib leeg.
Kev nthuav dav dav dav kos duab
Kev nthuav dav ntawm kev kos duab sib dhos yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj thiab nyuaj. Muaj tsuas yog ib qho kev sib sau ua ke ntawm ib feem, koj yuav tsum ua cov duab kos ntawm txhua qhov chaw raws li daim duab no thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab xaiv lub kaum sab xis uas yooj yim tshaj plaws rau lawv qhov kev siv thiab siv tag nrho qhov tsim nyog qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab kev xaiv.
Qhov luaj li cas ntawm qhov sib cais yuav raug paub raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm daim duab dav dav thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov no ntawm nws. Qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv yog muab los ntawm cov qauv siv, tsis yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kos duab.
Kev nthuav dav ntawm kev kos duab sib dhos feem ntau muaj peb kauj ruam:
- nyeem daim duab sib dhos uas muaj kev pom dav dav;
- txhais cov duab ntawm tus kheej;
- daim duab ntawm txhua ntu.
