Icon Andrei (Oslyabya). Biography, kev ua ub no thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

Cov txheej txheem:

Icon Andrei (Oslyabya). Biography, kev ua ub no thiab nthuav qhov tseeb
Icon Andrei (Oslyabya). Biography, kev ua ub no thiab nthuav qhov tseeb
Anonim

Ntawm cov duab ntawm Vajtswv cov neeg dawb huv, saib peb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox, koj tuaj yeem pom lub cim ntawm tus tub rog tuav riam phom tub rog hauv nws txhais tes, tab sis tib lub sijhawm hnav khaub ncaws hauv lub tsev teev ntuj., ua tim khawv rau nws qhov kev pabcuam monastic. Qhov no yog St. Andrew (Oslyabya) ntawm Radonezh, uas nws txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej hauv ntiaj teb tau txuas nrog lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab hauv peb keeb kwm - Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo.

Venerable Andre Oslyabya thiab Alexander Peresvet
Venerable Andre Oslyabya thiab Alexander Peresvet

Cov kwv tij nyob lub nroog Lubutsk

Cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau hais txog lub neej ntawm Andrey Oslyaby tau khaws cia tsawg heev. Txawm tias cov hnub uas nws yug los thiab kev tuag yuav raug muab zais los ntawm peb. Nws tsuas yog paub tias nws thiab nws tus tij laug, uas coj lub npe ntawm Alexander (Peresvet) ua ib tug hauj sam, tuaj ntawm lub ancient Lavxias teb sab lub nroog ntawm Lubutsk, uas yog ib zaug nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub Dvina River, tsis deb ntawm lub confluence. nws tributary, lub Dugna. Txij thaum yug los, tus neeg dawb huv yav tom ntej tau txais lub npe Rodion, uas nws tau faib nrog, noj cov lus cog tseg.

Inoks hu ua rog

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej muaj rau cov kws tshawb fawb muaj nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th"Cov lus dab neeg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mamaev". Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm no, Grand Duke Dimitry I Ivanovich, uas tom qab ntawd tau txais lub npe ntawm "Donskoy", ua ntej mus rau kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub hordes ntawm lub Tatar temnik (commander) Mamai, tuaj txog ntawm lub monastery ntawm St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh. thov kom nws foom koob hmoov.

Foom koob hmoov rau kev sib ntaus sib tua
Foom koob hmoov rau kev sib ntaus sib tua

"Tus Kev Tu Siab Loj ntawm Tebchaws Lavxias", raws li St. Sergius feem ntau hu ua, tsis yog tsuas yog foom koob hmoov rau tus huab tais Moscow xwb, tab sis kuj tau xa ob lub tswv yim rau nws pab pawg - cov kwv tij Alexander Peresvet thiab Andrey Oslyabya. Nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias los ntawm lawv lub xub ntiag cov hauj sam hluas tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntawm ntau txhiab tus tub rog, thiab lawv txoj kev hu mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Lub zog ntawm Vajtswv cov neeg tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub perishable riam phom, uas lawv, los ntawm txoj kev, zoo kawg nkaus muaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub incorruptible Cross ntawm tus Tswv, cov duab uas tau sewn rau lawv monastic vestments.

Hauv kev sib faib cov lus rau Alexander Peresvet thiab Andrey Oslyabya, St. Sergius tau hais kom lawv sib ntaus sib tua rau Leej Txiv thiab txoj kev ntseeg ntawm Khetos, tsuj los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws qias neeg. Nws kuj muab rab ntaj sib ntaus sib tua rau hauv lawv txhais tes, nchuav dej dawb huv thiab ua kev thov Vajtswv kom muaj yeej rau cov tub rog Orthodox. Overshadowed los ntawm kev foom koob hmoov ntawm lawv txiv thiab tus cob qhia, cov kwv tij tau tawm mus ua ke nrog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dimitri mus rau qhov chaw Nepryadva River ntws mus rau hauv Don, thiab qhov chaw nto moo sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo tau tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 8, 1380, ua tiav hauv kev swb tag nrho. lub Mamayev hordes.

Ob leeg sib koom ua ke

Nyob li castxoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm tus mlom Andrei, muaj ob lub versions, txhua tus muaj ntau tus neeg txhawb nqa hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb. Raws li qee qhov chaw, nws tuag thaum sib ntaus sib tua, thaum raws li lwm tus, nws muaj sia nyob thiab txawm tias nws txawv ntawm nws tus kheej hauv kev pabcuam pej xeem. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov ntawv no, excerpts los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s ntawm lub XIV caug xyoo yog hais txog, uas hais tias ib tug tej yam dub hauj sam hu ua Andrey Oslyabya tau koom nyob rau hauv lub delegation ntawm Lavxias teb sab Metropolitan Cyprian, uas tau tawm mus rau Constantinople ntawm lub diplomatic lub hom phiaj..

Inoki - tus tiv thaiv ntawm fatherland
Inoki - tus tiv thaiv ntawm fatherland

Cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam no tau lees paub tias tsis muaj laj thawj lees paub tias tus vaj ntxwv uas mus nrog Metropolitan Cyprian mus rau Byzantium yog tib tus mlom Andrei, uas St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh xa mus rau tub rog ntawm Moscow tus huab tais. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov neeg sib txawv kiag li, thiab kev sib koom ntawm cov npe (feem ntau tom qab ntawd hauv thaj chaw monastic) tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tsis txaus ntseeg.

Tus phab ej ntawm cov duab nto moo

Raws li rau tus kwv tij ntawm tus mlom Andrei Oslyabi - Alexander Peresvet, nws txoj kev tuag heroic yog xim zoo nkauj piav nyob rau hauv cov lus saum toj no-hais txog "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Mamaev". Raws li tus kws sau ntawv ua tim khawv, ua ntej pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, raws li kev lig kev cai, nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv ib tug duel nrog lub Tatar hero Chelubey, thiab ob leeg poob, chob ib leeg nrog hmuv. Qhov no scene yog ntes nyob rau hauv lub nto moo painting los ntawm tus kws kos duab M. Avilov, pleev xim los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv 1943 thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad. Kev luam tawm ntawm daim ntaub yog muab rau hauv kab lus.

painting los ntawm M. Avilova
painting los ntawm M. Avilova

Txuag Huab Tais Tswv Ntuj

Raws li koj paub, ntau yam xwm txheej hauv keeb kwm, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas raug tshem tawm ntawm peb los ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, muab lub zog rau kev yug ntawm cov lus dab neeg. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm Radonezh hauj sam Andrei Oslyabi hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo.

Ib lus dab neeg tau raug khaws cia, tsis muaj qhov twg, txawm li cas los xij, tau sau tseg, raws li qhov siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev sib ntaus sib tua txaus ntshai los ntawm Tatar club poob rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dimitri Donskoy, thiab poob ntawm nws tus nees, nws tsis nco qab.. Tej zaum, cov tub rog Lavxias yuav nyob twj ywm yam tsis muaj nws tus thawj coj yog tias tus vaj ntxwv Andrei tsis tuaj txog sijhawm. Nws rub tus tub huabtais lub cev tsis muaj sia nyob hauv av thiab txiav los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog, nqa nws mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb, yog li khaws cia nws tus tub Vajtswv xaiv rau Dawb Huv Russia. Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm no feat, Lavxias teb sab battleship Oslyabya, uas tuag heroically thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tsushima nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1905, tau txais nws lub npe.

Peb kuj tau sau tseg tias cov neeg sau keeb kwm, uas tau tawm tsam qhov kev tuag ntawm St. Andrew nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, hais txog cov pov thawj ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub memorial synodics ntawm lub sij hawm, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub annalistic cov npe uas tau dim. Txog niaj hnub no cov neeg "tua neeg ntawm Kulikovo teb", tsuas yog pom lub npe ntawm tus mlom Alexander Peresvet, thaum tsis muaj dab tsi hais txog nws tus kwv.

Nyob rau hauv Kulikovo teb
Nyob rau hauv Kulikovo teb

Holy Martyr Kwv tij

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias qhov nrov veneration ntawm Andrey Oslyabi pib ntau tom qab nws tus tij laug Alexander, uas tau nto moo rau nws tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug duel nrog lub Tatar hero Chelubey. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv qub tshaj plaws uas qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo tsis muaj ib qho kev hais txog nws, thiab tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lawv - ib qho kev sau ntawv ntawm kev tig ntawm XIV thiab XV centuries, hu ua "Zadonshchina" - muaj ib tug hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm. sib ntaus sib tua ob tug tub rog tub rog muab lawv txoj sia - Alexander thiab Andrey.

Tam sim no tseem tsis tau muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tseeb txog thaum cov kwv tij legendary raug canonized, tsuas yog paub tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th lawv cov npe tau suav nrog hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub, thiab lawv tus kheej tau hais tias yog Vajtswv cov neeg dawb huv, canonized. raws li cov ntseeg. Thaum kawg ntawm tib lub xyoo pua, ib phau ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Moscow hu ua "Kev piav qhia ntawm Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg hauv Lavxias", thiab nyob rau hauv nws ob leeg twb tshwm sim li martyrs, uas yog, cov neeg uas raug tsim txom thiab muab lawv lub neej rau txoj kev ntseeg. Cov cim qub tshaj plaws uas piav txog cov kwv tij uas tau nqis los rau peb yog tib lub sijhawm.

Lub ntxa ntawm cov kwv tij

Qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm St. Andrei Oslyaby thiab nws tus tij laug Alexander Peresvet raug suav hais tias yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Ntseeg ntawm Niam Mab Liab, nyob hauv Simonova Sloboda ntawm sab laug ntug dej ntawm Moskva. Lub tombstone ua nyob rau hauv lawv lub qhov ntxa tau rov demantled thiab rov qab los dua, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm nws twb puas lawm. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm perestroika, thaum lub tuam tsev kaw nyob rau hauv 1928 twb revived, ib tug pob zeb canopy raug ntsia rau ntawm qhov chaw faus. Cov seem ntawm cov ntseeg lawv tus kheej tsis pom. Niaj hnub no, Andrey Oslyabya ntawm sab ntsuj plig kev ua si chaw qhib nyob rau hauv Moscow ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh (nyob rau hauv Khodynka) tau ua ib yam ntawm cov monument rau ib tug ntawm cov kwv tij.

Icon "CathedralSaints ntawm Radonezh"
Icon "CathedralSaints ntawm Radonezh"

Icon ntawm tus dawb huv tub rog

Ntawm cov cim, cov duab ntawm St. Andrew ntawm Radonezh tau nthuav tawm ntau yam. Qee lub sij hawm nws nyob ib leeg, tab sis kuj muaj cov versions (canonically txais tau kev xaiv) depicting nws nrog nws tus tij laug Alexander los yog nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, xws li nws txiv sab ntsuj plig, St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh, Prince Dmitry Donskoy los yog Metropolitan Alexy ntawm Moscow. Nws kuj tshwm sim ntawm lub cim "Cathedral ntawm Radonezh Saints". Txawm li cas los xij, tsis hais txog kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim, St. Andrew ib txwm tshwm sim ua ntej cov neeg tuaj saib hauv monastic vestments thiab nrog riam phom nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes - raws li ib tug indestructible tiv thaiv ntawm kev ntseeg thiab lub Fatherland.

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