Tub Vaj Ntxwv Oleg tus Yaj Saub (869-912) yog lub npe hu ua tus tsim ntawm Kievan Rus. Tab sis nws biography yog nyob deb ntawm tsis meej raws li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Qhov no yog vim qhov tsawg tsawg ntawm qhov chaw uas qhia txog lub neej ntawm tus tub huabtais no, thiab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg keeb kwm niaj hnub no.
Yaj Saub Oleg hauv cov lus dab neeg
Raws li cov lus dab neeg ntev, qhov tshwm sim ntawm Oleg hauv Slavic thaj av yog txuam nrog "kev hu ntawm Varangians." Nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv keeb kwm, nws hu ua Prince of Urman (Norman). Hauv cov lus dab neeg, Yaj Saub Oleg hu ua tus kwv tij ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Igor, lossis tus xeeb ntxwv ntawm Rurik. Vaj Keeb Kwm hais tias thaum nws tuag, Rurik ua Oleg regent rau nws tus tub Igor.
Oleg pib nws txoj kev kav hauv Novgorod. Phau ntawv keeb kwm hais tias nws tau koom nrog kev npaj hauv nroog thiab kov yeej cov neeg nyob sib ze. Nyob rau hauv Novgorod, Oleg kav los ntawm 869 mus rau 872, tom qab uas nws pib tsiv mus rau sab qab teb. Ua ntej nws kov yeej Smolensk, thiab tom qab ntawd Lyubech. Hauv cov nroog no, Oleg cog cov thawj coj. Tus tub huabtais nws tus kheej tsiv mus rau sab qab teb mus txog rau thaum nws mus txog Kiev, qhov chaw uas Askold thiab Dir kav lub sijhawm ntawd. Raws li keeb kwm, Oleg ntxias lawv tawm ntawm lub nroog thiab tua lawv. Tom qab ntawd, nws tig Kyiv mus rau hauv lub peev (882), christening nws "niam ntawm Lavxias teb sab nroog."
Board in KyivOleg pib los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau ciam teb sab hnub tuaj, qhov chaw uas nws tau tsim ntau lub nroog thiab tsev loj cuj. Tom qab ntawd nws pib kov yeej thaj av mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Dnieper. Tom qab kov yeej cov Drevlyans, Radimichi, Northerners, Dulebs, Croats thiab Tivertsy, Oleg tau nthuav dav ciam teb ntawm Kievan Rus. Thiab nyob rau hauv 907 nws tau mus rau kev sib tw tawm tsam Constantinople. Zaj dab neeg keeb kwm hais txog qhov kev sib tw no txhawb nqa kev ua siab loj thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm tus tub huabtais.
Frightened Greeks xaus lus pom zoo nrog Oleg. Tus tub huabtais uas kov yeej cov Greeks hu ua Yaj Saub (paub, txawj ntse). Nyob rau hauv 911, Oleg xa ib tug embassy rau Byzantium, uas xaus ib tug tshiab treaty. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, tus tub huabtais tuag nyob rau hauv 912 los ntawm qhov tom ntawm ib tug lom nab.
Yaj Saub Oleg hauv keeb kwm
Qee cov neeg keeb kwm niaj hnub no ntseeg tias Yaj Saub Oleg yog Norwegian, thiab qee tus txawm txheeb xyuas nws nrog Odd los ntawm Norwegian dabneeg. Tshwj xeeb, muaj kev xav tias lub npe Oleg yog kev sau ntawm lo lus "Helgi", uas qhia txog ib haiv neeg ntawm Helgaland (Norway). Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias "Helgi" txhais tias "dawb huv" lossis "tus yaj saub". Cov keeb kwm tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo tias Oleg tus Yaj Saub yog leej twg. Phau ntawv keeb kwm hu nws ua tus tub huabtais, lossis ib tug boyar, lossis tus tub rog Varangian zoo tib yam.
Oleg txoj kev tuag tam sim ntawd ua rau muaj kev sib cav ntau dua. Yog li, qee cov kws tshawb fawb, raws li cov ntaub ntawv Khazar ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, ntseeg tias Khazars yeej tus huab tais Kyiv thiab yuam kom nws ua rau lwm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Constantinople. Tab sis kev sib tw ua tsis tiav, thiab Oleg tau khiav mus rau Persia, qhov chaw nws raug tua sai sai. Cov kws tshawb fawb paub tseeb tiasLavxias teb sab chroniclers tsis paub dab tsi tshwm sim rau tus tub huabtais, yog li ntawd lawv muab tso rau hauv lawv cov keeb kwm poetic zaj dab neeg ntawm kev tuag ntawm Oleg, txuam nrog lawv hlub nees thiab nab. Raws li cov kev xav ntawm tus kheej keeb kwm, Polish Slavist G. Lovmyansky ntseeg hais tias thawj txoj cai ntawm Oleg nyob rau hauv Novgorod yog tsis ntseeg, thiab Ukrainian historian N. Kostomarov sib cav hais tias tus tub huabtais no yog ib tug "zoo heev neeg", thiab tsis yog ib tug keeb kwm daim duab.
