Text yog chav siab tshaj ntawm cov lus. Nws muaj cov lus me me - kab lus thiab kab lus, cov lus. Zoo li lwm yam tshwm sim, nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas txawv nws ntawm lwm yam lus tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm cov style uas nws belongs, cov ntawv nyeem muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntxiv nta. Tom ntej no, peb yuav saib dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm.
ntawv yog dab tsi?
Text yog cov khoom hais lus, uas muaj kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm ntau yam lus qhia. Sib txawv ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab tsim.
Compositionally, cov ntawv muaj:
- kev;
- kab lus;
- kab lus;
- ntu;
- ch.
Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no txuas nrog ib lub ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj. Rautxhawm rau txiav txim siab seb cov kab lus twg yog cov ntawv nyeem, koj yuav tsum paub cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv hauv Lavxias.
Txhua cov ntawv muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb, txhais tau meej meej ua haujlwm thiab kev coj ua zoo - kev tshawb fawb, kos duab, kev sau xov xwm, thiab lwm yam.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv
Yuav kom cov lus thiab kab lus hu ua ib qho, lawv yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qee qhov kev xav tau. Nov yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem uas sawv tawm hauv kev hais lus:
- Kev ua tiav, uas txhais tau hais tias kev ua tiav.
- Kev sib txuas.
- Kev sib sau ntawm kev siv stylistic txhais tau tias.
- Txoj Cai thiab kev ywj pheej.
Tsuas yog tag nrho cov cim saum toj no tshwm sim, ib qho ntawm ob peb kab lus tuaj yeem suav tias yog ntawv nyeem.
Ua tiav
Thaum txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau pib ua tiav. Daim paib no qhia tias cov ntawv nyeem tau nthuav tawm lub hom phiaj uas tus sau tau teem rau nws. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev nkag siab thiab nkag siab txog yam uas tau nyeem lossis hnov los ntawm tus neeg txais.
Tom qab nyeem cov ntawv, peb yuav tsum nkag siab nws lub ntsiab lus, saib kev sib txuas ntawm lub ncauj lus thiab cov ntsiab lus.
kev sib txuas
Qhov no yog tshwm sim hauv kev npaj cov kab lus hauv qee qhov laj thawj, uas pab cuam tshuam txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav. Ib kab lus yog ib qho semantic txuas ntxiv ntawm thawj tus, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm yav dhau los. Qhov no kuj suav nrog kev tsim cov ntawv nyeem siv grammatical thiablexical txhais tau tias ntawm cov lus. Ntau lo lus tseem ceeb, rov ua dua, sib txuas, cov lus sib txuas yog siv rau kev sib txuas lus.
Thaum tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntawv hauv Lavxias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev sib txuas, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias muaj ob qhov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus - sib npaug thiab cov saw hlau. Ntawm thawj kab lus txuas rau ib leeg vim yog tib lo lus txiav txim, cov qauv zoo sib xws.
Nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob, lo lus tseem ceeb ua raws li qhov txuas, uas yog cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim. Nws tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov lus qhia zoo meej.
Style unity
Thaum tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis nco qab txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm style. Cov ntawv nyeem yog tsim raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Nyob ntawm qhov xaiv style, lexical thiab linguistic txhais tau tias, grammatical tsim ntawm cov ntawv raug xaiv. Syntactic cov qauv kuj tau tsim raws li cov qauv xaiv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv kev sib tham style, kab lus yooj yim predominate, nyob rau hauv ib tug scientific ib - complex sawv daws yuav.
Kev ncaj ncees
Qhov no qhia txog kev ua tiav ib txhij ntawm peb cov ntawv nyeem tau piav qhia saum toj no. Ntawd yog, muaj kev sib koom ua ke, ua tiav thiab kev sib koom ua ke.
Txawm tias pom muaj ib lossis ob lub ntsiab lus tau pom nyob rau hauv cov lus thov, nws tsis tuaj yeem hu ua cov ntawv kom txog thaum peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv uas peb tau piav ua ntej tau ntsib.
Lwm cov paib
Cia peb tseem hais txog lwm yam, tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv hauv Lavxias.
Articulation, uas txhais tau tias cov ntawv nyeemmuaj ntau lub tswv yim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis txhob hnov qab tias lawv yuav tsum sib cuam tshuam los ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus.
Thiab kev ywj pheej: txhua phau ntawv muaj qhov pib thiab qhov kawg.
Tseem muaj xws li kos npe rau cov ntaub ntawv cov ntsiab lus - cov ntawv nyeem yog cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau, nws yog txiav txim los ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm nqe lus.
Qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv
Hauv lus Lavxias, ntau tus qauv ua haujlwm tau txawv - kev tshawb fawb, kev lag luam, kev tshaj xov xwm, kev kos duab. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tsis tsuas yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau tus ntxiv uas pab kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib leeg.
Science style
Kev tshawb fawb yog siv thaum sau cov ntawv thiab monographs, diploma thiab master's theses, dissertations, scientific presentations, reports, lectures. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv tshawb fawb: kev siv cov ntsiab lus, cov kab lus nyuaj, tus neeg sau ntawv tsis zoo, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv "peb" es tsis txhob "Kuv", cov ntsiab lus thesis, muaj cov lus qhia thiab kev tsim kho, kev xav. neutrality.
kev lag luam style
Kev lag luam style npog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv raug cai: kev cai lij choj, ntawv sau ua lag luam, nqe lus, cov txheej txheem. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv no yog cov lus ncaj qha, kev xav hauv kev nthuav qhia, kev siv cliches thiab lus clichés, conciseness, kev xav thiab kev ntsuam xyuas nruab nrab, thiab muaj cov qauv. Feem ntau hauv cov qauv no, cov qauv tswj hwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug siv.
Publicistic style
Publicistic style npog tag nrho cov kev tshaj tawm. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog qhia, cuam tshuam rau tus neeg. Cov cim ntawm cov ntawv sau xov xwm yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev xav, kev ntsuam xyuas, thiab kev hu rau kev nqis tes ua. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature kuj yog kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ncauj lus thiab subheadings, pom cov teebmeem. Cov kab lus hauv cov ntawv ntawm cov qauv no yog ob qho yooj yim thiab nyuaj.
Kev sib tham thiab kos duab
Tus kws kos duab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov lus qhia thiab kev xav, kev siv cov lus piv txwv thiab kev sib piv, kev tsim teeb pom kev zoo. Nws sau tag nrho tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab: dab neeg, dab neeg, dab neeg, paj huam.
Kev sib tham style yog siv los ntawm kev hais lus, kev sib tham hauv Internet. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv ntawm cov style no yog siv cov lus sib tham thiab cov lus sib tham, rov ua dua, tsis tiav thiab cov kab lus yooj yim. Nws kuj tseem hais txog qhov tsis muaj cov qauv qhia meej thiab cov laj thawj ntawm kev nthuav qhia.
Zoo kawg
Peb tau txiav txim siab dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv hauv Lavxias. Yog li, lawv qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke, kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, kev sib koom ua ke stylistic. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tsuas yog ib los yog ob tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv teev los ntawm peb, ib tug los yog lwm yam fragment ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tsis tau hu ua ib tug ntawv nyeem. Ntxiv nrog rau cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam rau txhua cov ntawv, lawv tseem yuav qhia cov yam ntxwv - lexical thiab grammatical, syntactic, ua tsaug uas peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo li cas no lossis cov ntawv ntawd yog.
