Hluav taws xob yog ib lo lus siv hauv chav kawm physics. Cia peb tsom xam lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev qhov ntau, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsos, daim ntawv thov.
Definition
hluav taws xob yog dab tsi? Lub ntsiab lus hauv physics txhais tau hais tias muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov xwm txheej sib txawv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev txav ntawm tus nqi hluav taws xob.
lo lus no tau qhia los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv William Gilbert hauv xyoo 1600. Nws sim piav qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwm sim uas tshwm sim thaum lub tshuab sib nqus ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Nws yog nws uas nyob rau hauv kev xyaum tau lees paub tias muaj hluav taws xob ntawm lub cev.
History Pages
Hluav taws xob yog qhov tshwm sim uas tau sim piav qhia thaum lub sijhawm muaj keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Greece. Cov kws tshawb fawb uas nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 7 BC tau pom tias thaum amber yog rubbed rau ntawm cov ntaub plaub, nws tau txais lub peev xwm los nyiam ntau yam khoom rau nws tus kheej.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 17, tus German Otto von Guericke tau tsim lub tshuab electrostatic uas muaj lub pob sulfur mounted rau ntawm tus pas hlau. Cov qauv zoo li no tso cai rau nws los saib xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog kev nyiam ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj yog lawv qhov kev tawm tsam.
Late eighteenth century Englishman Stephen Greyib tug series ntawm thwmsim tau ua nyob rau hauv lub kis tau tus mob ntawm hluav taws xob lub zog nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam deb. Nws tau tswj xyuas kom paub tias nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom, lub peev xwm los hloov hluav taws xob tam sim no.
hluav taws xob yog dab tsi? Lub tswv yim, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev tshwm sim no tau piav qhia los ntawm Fab Kis Fab Kis Charles Dufay. Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm ntau yam kev sim, nws tau txais resin thiab iav hluav taws xob, tshwm sim thaum sib txhuam ntawm cov iav lo lo ntxhuav, resin ntawm ntaub plaub. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Pieter van Muschenbroek tau tsim ib qho hluav taws xob capacitor hu ua Leyden hub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kev sim hais txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm atmospheric hluav taws xob tau ua los ntawm Lavxias tus kws tshawb fawb M. V. Lomonosov.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, Coulomb nrhiav tau txoj cai raws li qhov hluav taws xob yog qhov txav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus kws kho mob Oersted tau tshawb pom lub zog hluav taws xob. Nws qhib thiab kaw lub voj voog, saib qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub koob koob, nyob ze ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib tam sim no. Ampère pom tias cov hlau nplaum thiab hluav taws xob muaj feem cuam tshuam thaum tsis muaj hluav taws xob zoo li qub.
Faraday, siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim ntawm Ampère thiab Oersted, nrhiav pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction. Nws yog nws uas tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, uas muaj cov tub ntxhais hlau nplaum, ib lub kauj, hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm nws. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus tom qab qhov kev sim pib cuam tshuam nrog kev txav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Maxwell txoj haujlwm tau dhau los ua lub kaus mom ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej electromagnetic. Nyob rau hauv lub nees nkaumXyoo pua, quantum txoj kev xav ntawm electrodynamics tau tshwm sim. Nws teb tag nrho cov lus nug uas cov kws tshawb fawb muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
Dab tsi yog hluav taws xob
Peb twb pom tias hluav taws xob yog ib qho uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev txav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tus nqi hluav taws xob yog dab tsi? Nws implies lub peev xwm los tsim ib qho hluav taws xob teb nyob ib ncig ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Lub cev uas muaj tib qho nqi sib tw, thiab lub cev uas muaj cov nqi sib txawv nyiam. Nws yog raws li cov khoom txav mus rau qhov hloov ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tshwm sim hauv tus neeg xyuas pib.
Natural hluav taws xob
xob laim yog suav tias yog qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv ntiaj teb nyob. Nws cov hluav taws xob xwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua thib kaum yim. Nws yog xob laim uas ua rau muaj hluav taws kub hav zoov heev. Qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv uas tshwm sim ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov huab cua thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog 400 kV.
Cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv lub paj hlwb kuj cuam tshuam nrog kev hla ntawm tus nqi hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm ib tug nce nyob rau hauv voltage ntawm lub cell membrane, ib tug voltage dhia yog pom, uas nyob rau hauv biology yog suav hais tias yog ib tug paj hlwb impulse. Nws tuaj yeem siv los hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib lub xov tooj mus rau lwm tus. Ntses siv hluav taws xob tshawb nrhiav cov tsiaj hauv qab dej, thiab tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Piv txwv li, South American eel hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob tawm mus txog tsib puas volts. Lampreys thiab sharks tuaj yeem sivhluav taws xob los kuaj xyuas qhov mining. Cov hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tuaj tos cov teb ntawm lwm cov kab mob.
Zoo kawg
Kev sim nrog hluav taws xob tau pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no uas ntau yam khoom siv siv rau tib neeg lub neej txhua hnub, hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, ua haujlwm.
Kom ua tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau uas qhov tseeb tso rau hauv hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog tam sim no tau tsim. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog ua raws li kev xav ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum sib tham saum toj no.
