Nws yog ib txwm txaus siab kawm keeb kwm ntawm ib lub nroog. Tom qab tag nrho, txoj kev ua neej hauv nroog yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab tsis ntev koj pib xav txog lub hom phiaj ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv lub neej hauv lub tebchaws.
Kev Qhia
Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb yuav tham txog keeb kwm ntawm Tomsk, vim li cas nws thiaj li tau nce zuj zus thiab loj hlob ntau tshaj plaub caug xyoo. Nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias qhov kev sib hais haum no tau npaj rau cov neeg raug kaw thiab cov neeg pabcuam, tab sis nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv nws tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua li ntau lwm lub nroog hauv tebchaws. Xyoo 1991, Tomsk tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub nroog keeb kwm, raws li cov tsev keeb kwm tshwj xeeb, toj roob hauv pes, thiab lwm yam tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw zoo. Lub nuclear submarine K-150 "Tomsk", uas yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Pacific Fleet, kuj muaj npe tom qab lub nroog. Tus kws sau ntawv A. Volkov tau zoo siab nrog cov ntoo ntsuab thiab cov nroj tsuag hauv lub nroog, uas yog vim li cas tus kws yees duab los ntawm zaj dab neeg yog los ntawm Emerald City!
Keeb kwm ntawm Tomsk qhia peb tias lub nroog muaj lwm lub npe - Siberian Athens. Koj puas xav paub vim li cas nws thiaj hu ua qhov ntawd? Tom qab ntawd mus tom ntej!
Foundation ntawm Tomsk Fortress
Lub nroog Siberian qub no zoo siab rau cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los niaj hnub no, thiab txhua yam vim nyob hauvNyob rau hauv 1604, Tsar Boris tau tshaj tawm tsab cai ntawm kev tsim lub nroog nyob rau hauv "qhov chaw muaj zog los ntawm kev tshav ntuj ntawm tus Tswv …". Keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog Tomsk muaj ntau tshaj plaub centuries!
Tub Vaj Ntxwv Toyan thov vaj ntxwv kom pab tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv nws thaj av. Ces tus autocrat tuaj nrog lub tswv yim mus nrhiav ib lub nroog ntawm lub Cape ntawm Voskresenskaya Roob ze ntawm tus dej Tom. Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm Tomsk yog yooj yim: lub nroog yog lub npe hu ua tom qab tus dej nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej ntawm cov uas nws twb nrhiav tau. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis Ntuj ntawm tib lub xyoo, kev tsim kho ntawm kev sib haum xeeb tau ua tiav.
Lub Tomsk Fortress tau txhim tsa siv cov txheej txheem Gorodnya. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, lub fortress muaj ib tug quadrangle, nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm 0.2 hectares. Qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tsev loj cuj mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 6.5 meters. Muaj 4 lub qhov muag tsis pom kev ntawm cov ces kaum. Cov pej thuam hla tau ua rau sab qaum teb thiab sab nraud, sab qab teb, sab ntawm phab ntsa, lawv qhov siab yog 13 thiab 22 meters. Hauv kev sib hais haum muaj ib lub tsev pheeb suab tawm, tus tswv xeev lub tshav puam, ntau yam granaries thiab barns, nrog rau lub Koom Txoos Trinity, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1606.
Nov yog lub nroog me me ntawm Tomsk. Keeb kwm ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog yooj yim, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm lub xeev Lavxias teb sab tsis tau overestimated.
Tomichi txuas ntxiv ntxiv dag zog thiab tsim cov phab ntsa tshiab ntawm kev sib hais haum. Yog li, xyoo 1609, "hauv peb phab ntsa" mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub fortress, lwm lub tsev loj cuj raug ntsia. Tag nrho ntev ntawm nws cov phab ntsa yog hais txog 604 fab thiab ob arshins. Ob lub lag ntseg thiab dhau cov pej thuam tau ua tiav. Tam sim no thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho cov tsev Tomsk yog hais txog 4 hectares. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm Tomsk tsis xaus rau ntawd.
theem tom ntej ntawm kev tsim kho
Lwm lub tsev loj cuj tau tsim xyoo 1634 ntawm ob sabdej Ushaika, raws li feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog. Cov neeg hauv zos hu nws "Lower Ostrog". Lub fiery ntsiab coj Tomsk los ntawm surprise nyob rau hauv 1639 thiab 1643. Lub nroog raug hlawv phem heev. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ob txhiab tus neeg twb nyob hauv Tomsk. Ntawm no, ntau dua 700 yog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, cov neeg hauv nroog thiab cov neeg pabcuam.
Tom qab hluav taws kub, los ntawm 1652, cov neeg hauv nroog thiab cov kws tsim vaj tsev ua tiav kev tsim kho lub nroog lub fortifications.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, Tomsk yog ib lub fortress ntoo, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lub palisade, nrog 7 lub tsev ua tau zoo thiab lag ntseg. Lub fortress sab saud nyob ib sab ntawm lub fortress nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm phab ntsa, qhov uas muaj ib tug loj ntauwd hla.
Hauv xyoo 1734, G. F. Miller, tus kws sau keeb kwm Lavxias, tuaj txog hauv Tomsk. Hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe, nws sau tias keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm Tomsk yog amazing, nws txoj kev loj hlob zoo siab nrog nws cov pace. Nws kuj pom tau hais tias lub fortress tau ua "ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov tsev ua los ntawm ntoo", thiab muaj cov phom loj ntawm cov yees nyob ze ntawm lub rooj vag rau kev tua. Muaj lwm tus pej thuam - lub xya, nrog cunning. Nws tau koom nrog lub Koom Txoos Trinity. Muaj ib lub tsev loj cuj me tom qab lub fortress, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th tau ntes Swedes languished nyob rau hauv nws.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XVIII lub nroog tau muab faib ua xya ntu. Lub fortifications ntawm lub nroog twb tsis khaws cia lawm. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub nroog nws tus kheej muaj:
- 7 pawg ntseeg.
- 1 monastery.
- 237 lub khw=3 lub khw.
- 1500 lub nroog.
- 7500 neeg nyob.
Keeb kwm ntawm Tomsk, sau tseg hauv annals, hais tias xyoo 1723 txog 9 txhiab tus pej xeem sib txawv nyob hauv nroog.
Lub nroog nyob li cas
Tomsk tau dhau losSiberian chaw nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev lag luam, geography thiab tub rog txoj cai rau ntau yam. Wb mus saib lawv.
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, Tomsk yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov detachments ntawm Cossacks tawm los tshawb nrhiav thaj av uas tsis muaj kev thaj yeeb nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub roob Altai, lub Yenisei sab saud mus rau steppes ntawm Transbaikalia thiab txawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv Pacific! Nws yog cov neeg pabcuam ntawm Tomsk uas tau tso thawj txoj kev hauv Siberian nthuav dav.
Thib ob, lub hauv paus kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho hauv nroog yog kev ua liaj ua teb. Nws ua raws li Tomsk tau koom nrog lub nroog arable ntawm Russia. Tsis ntev ib qho khoom siv tes ua tshwm sim thiab txhim kho hauv nroog. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1626 muaj ntau tshaj 20 artisans nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Tom qab 30 xyoo, tus lej no nce 2.5 npaug. Ib puas xyoo tom qab ntawd, muaj ntau dua 380 tus kws ua txuj ci ntawm ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Tomsk. Ntawm lawv yog cov kws tshaj lij: icons, armor, watchmakers, thiab lwm yam. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, raws li keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog ntawm Tomsk ua tim khawv, smelting ntawm hlau los ntawm ore ntawm ib tug industrial scale tau yug los. Woodworking thiab carpentry mus txog qhov siab siab. Tomsk architecture yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm qhov no. Keeb kwm ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm Tomsk yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm peb tom qab me ntsis.
Thib peb, lub nroog ntxov thiab sai sai tau los ua lub khw loj tshaj plaws, raws li nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm thaj tsam Siberian yav qab teb. Tomsk yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm cov neeg Siberia.
tsev kawm ntawv
Nyob hauv thaj av Siberian, Tomsk tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab rau 100 xyoo. Twb yog xyoo 1878 hauv lub nroog noThawj Imperial University hauv Russia dhau ntawm Urals tau qhib.
V. V. Kuibyshev University yog suav tias yog lub tsev kawm qub tshaj plaws hauv Siberia thiab Far East. Keeb kwm ntawm Tomsk tau qhia tias nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1880. Ob peb xyoos tom qab, kev kho mob thiab kev cai lij choj tau qhib hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsev kawm qhia ntawv thiab kev kho mob tau tsim los ntawm Tomsk State University.
Xyoo 1976, faculties tau qhib ntawm TSU hauv thaj chaw hauv qab no:
- lub cev;
- radiophysical;
- mechanical-mathematical;
- lub cev thiab txuj ci;
- geological thiab geographical;
- siv lej;
- tshuaj;
- av biological;
- legal;
- philological;
- historical;
- kev lag luam;
- kev cob qhia;
- kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv;
- chaw npaj thiab xa xov xwm.
Lub koom haum tshawb fawb hauv kev kho tshuab thiab lej, biology, thiab biophysics tau qhib ntawm TSU. Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj nws lub vaj botanical thiab ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej:
- mineralogical;
- paleontological;
- zooological;
- archeology;
- ethnography;
- herbarium.
Lub tsev qiv ntawv tshawb fawb tuav peb lab ntim ntawm nws lub txee.
Lub tsev so rau cov tub ntxhais kawm TSU tau tsim xyoo 1883 nkaus nrog cov nyiaj pub dawb. Cov chav muaj rooj tog thiab cov khoom siv uas tsim nyog rau kev nyob zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Rau lawv tautsev noj mov thiab tsev qiv ntawv qhib. Thiab qhov kev txiav txim hauv tsev so tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas.
Raws li kev lom zem thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub neej hauv nroog, lub zej zog philharmonic, kev ua yeeb yam thiab tsev cia puav pheej tau qhib ntawm no nyob rau xyoo pua 19th.
Qee cov txheeb cais
Kev qhib ntawm Tomsk State University tau cuam tshuam rau tus qauv kev ua neej nyob - nws tau txhim kho zoo. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li 100 xyoo tom qab qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv, yuav luag 2000 tus kws qhia ntawv, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv, ntawm 70 tus kws tshaj lij thiab kws kho mob ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, txog 450 tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg sib tw, thiab tus lej ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tshaj 8000.
Saib sab nraum lub nroog
Keeb kwm ntawm cov tsev hauv Tomsk qhia tias cov ntoo thiab cov vaj tsev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tsis yog tsuas yog austerity, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj cov ntaub ntawv, txaus nyiam facades, zoo zoo thiab amazing carved décor.
Hnub no, ntau lub tsev tau khaws cia uas yuav qhia cov qhua hauv lub nroog zoo li ob puas xyoo dhau los. Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Sawv Rov Los, ua nyob rau hauv Baroque style, zoo nkauj heev. Lub Gostiny Dvor ntawm Market Square, ua los ntawm pob zeb, kuj zoo nkaus li zoo heev. Muaj cov tsev ua nyob rau hauv lub classicism:
- Magistrate (1802-1812).
- Public chaw (1830-1842).
- Exchange complex (1854-1854).
- The first building of TSU (1880-1885).
Ntau tsob ntoo ntsuab, thaj chaw hav zoov khaws cia, ntau lub tsev pob zeb thiab ntoo nrog cov duab kos tshwj xeeb yog cov yam ntxwv uasuas paub qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev ntawm Tomsk. Keeb kwm qhia peb ib tug tshwj xeeb ntoo architecture nyob rau hauv lub nroog, tab sis, hmoov tsis, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntoo vaj tse raug puas los ntawm hluav taws kub heev. Thiab niaj hnub no, yuav lub teb chaws tsev, Tomsk cov neeg nyob hauv kho nws lub qhov rais thiab qhov rooj nrog ntoo carvings, lawv mob siab rau khaws cov kev cai ntawm Siberian hinterland. Cov neeg zej zog kuj kho lawv lub tsev nyob hauv lub nroog Tomsk.
mus qhov twg
| Institution | Chaw nyob | Ntse |
| Local History Museum | Prospect Frunze, d. 2 | Founded hauv lub Peb Hlis 1922 hauv lub tsev ntawm Tomsk kub miner ID Astashev. Kev pab nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm lub exhibition thiab tsev cia puav pheej exhibition yog muab los ntawm lub Tretyakov Gallery thiab lub Rumyantsev Tsev khaws puav pheej |
| Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ntoo Architecture | Kirov Avenue, d. 7 | Lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob hauv lub tsev-monument ntawm lub teb chaws architecture ntawm tseem fwv tseem ceeb. Lub tsev yog ua los ntawm cov cav ntoo, kho kom zoo nkauj yog ua nyob rau hauv Art Nouveau style. Lub exhibition ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub thib ob pem teb thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub attic. Cov nyiaj muaj txog 200 qhov khoom pov thawj, nrog rau 300 yam khoom raug khaws cia nyob ntawd ib ntus |
| Monument to Happiness | Shevchenko Street, d. 19 | Cov duab puab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv hma muaj lwm lub npe - "Kuv mam li hu nkauj tam sim no." Nws tau qhib tsis ntev dhau los, xyoo 2005. Tus hma personalifies kev zoo siab, raws li tus sau ntawm qhov project Leonty Usov |
| Monumentruble |
Square Nov-Sobornaya |
Qhov hnyav ntawm lub npib ntoo yog li 250 kg. Cov nyiaj no yog tsim los ntawm ntoo thuv. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau them nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ya raws, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau "packed" rau hauv lub thawv yas tshwj xeeb pob tshab |
|
History Museum city of Tomsk |
Bakunin Street, d. 3 | Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib rau cov qhua tsis ntev los no, xyoo 2003. Lub exhibition hu ua "Thawj Century ntawm Tomsk" |
| Epiphany Cathedral | Lenin Square, d. 8 | Ib lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws hauv Tomsk. Ua hauv 1630 |
| Planetarium | Lenin Avenue, d. 82, chav 1 | Based on TSU |
|
Theatre "Skomorokh" muaj npe tom qab R. Vinderman |
S alt Square, d. 4 | Lub tsev ua yeeb yam qhib nws lub qhov rooj rau cov neeg tuaj saib hauv 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Qhov chaw no zoo heev rau cov menyuam yaus, vim tias txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau ua nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov menyuam roj hmab |
| Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Slavic Mythology | Zagornaya Street, d. 12 | Lub tsev khaws puav pheej loj tshaj plaws dhau ntawm thaj av Ural. Exhibition suav nrog cov khoom pov thawj tshwj xeeb. Easel painting, graphics - tag nrho cov no yog raws li peb mythology, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg. Ancient Russia los ua neej nyob ua ntej lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg tuaj xyuas hauv tsev cia puav pheej |
Yuav ua li cas lwm tus tsim nyog mloog cov qhua hauv nroog
Vim Tomsk yog lub nroog Siberian qub, muaj ntau lub tsev keeb kwm ntawm no. Niaj hnub no lawv tsev ib lub tsev cia puav pheej, tsev txhab nyiaj, thiab kev pabcuam kev tswj hwm. Muaj ntau lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox hauv nroog, muaj lub tsev teev ntuj thiab txawm tias muaj mosque. Niaj hnub no, tsib lub tsev kawm ntawv ua haujlwm ntawm thaj av ntawm Tomsk Fortress yav dhau los, cov neeg ua yeeb yam ua si ntawm theem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov cim thiab lom zem monuments adorn txoj kev ntawm lub nroog. Tab sis sab nraum lub nroog muaj cov attractions uas tsis muaj tsawg nthuav thiab tseem ceeb!
Piv txwv li, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm tus dej Basandaika muaj li 15 lub qhov dej uas muaj dej kho tau zoo. Peb tus yuam sij raug hu los ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog ua "Talov tais". Lawv tau txais lub npe zoo li no vim yog cov kua qaub ntsev uas lawv muaj. Los rau saum npoo ntawm tus dej, cov khoom tsim ib lub phab ntsa oval, thiab nws darkens vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm manganese oxide. Lub tais loj tshaj plaws muaj qhov ntsuas:
- phab ntsa thickness - 30 cm;
- siab - 1 meter;
- length - 4 meters.
Lawv hais tias dej Talovskaya tsis yog tsuas yog kho, tab sis kuj qab ntxiag rau saj. Xav tsis thoob yog qhov tseeb tias thaum lub caij ntuj no hnyav no cov springs yeej tsis khov.
Tomsk xwm yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb monuments uas tsim nyog tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li lub tuam tsev los yog Gostiny Dvor.
Zoo kawg
Keeb kwm ntawm Tomsk muaj ntau yam xwm txheej thiab qhov tseeb. Lub nroog no tau loj hlob sai heev. Hauv 4 centuries, nws tau ua tiav qhov ntau lub nroog tsis tuaj yeem paub hauv ib txhiab xyoo.
Lub nroog tau tsim thiab tsim ntau yam kev tsim kho vaj tse. Hnub noqhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog khaws cia thiab kho kom zoo dua qub. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tomsk muaj lwm qhov kev txhawj xeeb - kev khaws cia ntawm lub ntsej muag keeb kwm, kev muaj tswv yim ambitions ntawm Siberian Athens - qhov chaw keeb kwm kev cai. Ntau qhov kev ntsuas tau raug coj los, tab sis tseem muaj ntau yam yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tub ceev xwm.
Keeb kwm ntawm Tomsk luv luv thiab qhia meej rau cov qhua hauv nroog nws txoj kev ua tau zoo, kev vam meej thiab kev vam meej.
Cov neeg ncig teb chaws uas tau mus xyuas Tomsk hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lub nroog no. Lawv pom nws huv si thiab kho kom zoo. Nws tau pom tias cov neeg tsav tsheb coj ncaj ncees rau cov neeg taug kev. Cov poj niam tau piav qhia tias nws yog lub nroog cozy thiab qab ntxiag. Cov txiv neej yeej nyiam Tomsk Beer Tsev khaws puav pheej. Txawm hais tias lub nroog suav tias yog thaum ub, nws muaj ntau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas kawm hauv xeev cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab.
Koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub nroog zoo nkauj thiab qub no los ntawm dav hlau, tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb npav thiab, ntawm chav kawm, los ntawm tsheb. Cia nws luv luv ntawm Novosibirsk: 250 km - thiab koj nyob ntawd.
