Saliva yog kua ntshiab, tsis muaj xim. Qhov no yog qhov zais cia ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug, sib cais rau hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Nws muab kev nkag siab ntawm saj, txhawb nqa articulation, lubricates chewed zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, qaub ncaug muaj cov kab mob bactericidal, ntxuav lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, thiab tiv thaiv cov hniav los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Vim muaj cov enzymes uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub secretion, digestion ntawm carbohydrates pib nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Kab lus yuav tham txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg cov qaub ncaug.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov qog qaub ncaug
Cov qog no, nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov anterior, ua lub luag haujlwm tswj kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov ncauj thiab koom ncaj qha rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov. Cov qog ua kua qaub hauv cov tshuaj feem ntau muab faib ua me me thiab loj. Cov qub muaj xws li buccal, molar, labial, lingual, palatal, tab sis peb xav ntau dua rau cov qog qaub ncaug loj vim salivation feem ntau tshwm sim hauv lawv.
Cov kab mob ntawm lub zais zis no suav nrog sublingual, submandibular, parotid qog. Thawj, raws li lub npe implies, nyob rau hauv lub sublingual quav nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj mucosa. Lub submandibular yog nyob rau hauv qispuab tsaig. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog cov qog parotid, muaj ob peb lobules.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ob lub qog qaub ncaug me thiab loj tsis ncaj qha rau cov qaub ncaug, lawv tsim ib qho zais cia tshwj xeeb, thiab qaub ncaug tsim thaum qhov zais cia no sib xyaw nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv lub qhov ncauj.
YBiochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg
Salva muaj acidity ntawm 5.6 txog 7.6 thiab muaj 98.5 feem pua ntawm dej, thiab tseem muaj cov kab kawm, ntsev ntawm ntau cov kua qaub, alkali hlau cations, qee cov vitamins, lysozyme thiab lwm yam enzymes. Lub ntsiab organic tshuaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg yog cov proteins uas yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub salivary qog. Qee cov proteins yog los ntawm whey.
YEnzymes
Ntawm txhua yam khoom uas ua rau tib neeg qaub ncaug, enzymes yog qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws. Cov no yog cov organic tshuaj ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub cev thiab leeb cov txheej txheem tshuaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lawv. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tsis muaj tshuaj hloov pauv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv enzymes, lawv pab raws li ib tug catalyst, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv tag nrho khaws lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qauv.
Dab tsi enzymes nyob hauv qaub ncaug? Cov tseem ceeb yog m altase, amylase, ptyalin, peroxidase, oxidase thiab lwm yam proteins. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: lawv ua rau lub liquefaction ntawm cov zaub mov, tsim nws cov tshuaj thawj zaug, tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab ntim nrog cov tshuaj mucous tshwj xeeb - mucin. Txhawm rau muab nws yooj yim, cov enzymes uas tsim cov qaub ncaug,yooj yim nqos cov zaub mov thiab nws txoj kev nkag mus rau hauv lub plab los ntawm txoj hlab pas. Ib qho kev ceeb toom yuav tsum nco ntsoov: thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm zom, zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj tsuas yog nees nkaum mus rau peb caug vib nas this, thiab ces nkag mus rau hauv plab, tab sis salivary enzymes tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov zaub mov bolus txawm tias tom qab ntawd.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, enzymes ua rau cov zaub mov tag nrho li ntawm peb caug feeb, mus txog qhov uas lub plab acid pib tsim.
Lwm cov khoom xyaw
Feem coob ntawm cov tib neeg muaj cov tshuaj antigens tshwj xeeb hauv cov qaub ncaug uas sib haum rau cov ntshav antigens. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov proteins tshwj xeeb tau pom nyob hauv nws - phosphoprotein koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov quav hniav ntawm cov hniav thiab cov tartar, thiab salivoprotein, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm phosphorocalcium compounds ntawm cov hniav..
Salva muaj cov roj cholesterol me me thiab nws cov esters, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids dawb, cov tshuaj hormones (estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone), nrog rau ntau yam vitamins thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Minerals yog sawv cev los ntawm anions ntawm chlorides, bicarbonates, iodides, phosphates, bromides, fluorides, cations ntawm sodium, magnesium, hlau, poov tshuaj, calcium, strontium, tooj liab, thiab lwm yam. Kua qaub, wetting thiab softening zaub mov, xyuas kom meej qhov tsim ntawm cov zaub mov. thiab ua kom nws nqos tau yooj yim dua. Tom qab soaking nrog ib qho zais cia, cov zaub mov tau pib ua tshuaj lom neeg nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, thaum lub sij hawm cov carbohydrates yog ib nrab hydrolyzed rau m altose thiab dextrins los ntawm α-amylase.
Functions
Peb twb tau kov lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov qaub ncaug saum toj no, tab sis tam sim no cia peb tham txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv. Yog li, cov qog tsim ib qho zais cia, nws tov nrog lwm yam tshuaj thiab tsim cov qaub ncaug. Yuav ua li cas ntxiv? Cov qaub ncaug pib npaj zaub mov rau kev zom zaub mov tom ntej hauv duodenum thiab plab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua lub enzyme uas yog ib feem ntawm cov qaub ncaug ua kom cov txheej txheem no ntau zaus, sib cais cov khoom ntawm cov khoom (polysaccharides, proteins, carbohydrates) rau hauv cov khoom me me (monosaccharides, m altose).
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws tau pom tias, ntxiv rau diluting zaub mov, tib neeg qaub ncaug muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb functions. Yog li, nws ntxuav lub qhov ncauj mucosa thiab cov hniav los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microorganisms thiab lawv cov khoom metabolic. Lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kuj tseem ua los ntawm immunoglobulins thiab lysozyme, uas yog ib feem ntawm biochemical muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qaub ncaug. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm zais cia, lub qhov ncauj mucosa yog moistened, thiab qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev thauj khoom ntawm ob sab ntawm cov qaub ncaug thiab qhov ncauj mucosa.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm pawg
Cov khoom thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug hloov pauv nyob ntawm qhov nrawm thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev zais cia. Piv txwv li, thaum noj cov khoom qab zib, ncuav qab zib, qib ntawm lactate thiab qabzib hauv cov qaub ncaug sib xyaw ua ke nce ib ntus. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm stimulating salivation nyob rau hauv lub zais cia, lub concentration ntawm sodium, bicarbonates nce ho, theem ntawm iodine thiab poov tshuaj txo me ntsis. Cov kua qaub ntawm tus neeg haus luam yeeb muaj ob peb zaug ntau dua thiocyanatepiv rau cov tsis haus luam yeeb.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee yam tshuaj hloov pauv raws li qee yam kab mob thiab kab mob. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qaub ncaug yog nyob ntawm qhov hloov pauv txhua hnub thiab nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog, piv txwv li, hauv cov neeg laus, qib calcium nce ntxiv. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev qaug cawv thiab tshuaj. Yog li, qhov txo qis hauv salivation tshwm sim nrog lub cev qhuav dej; hauv ntshav qab zib, cov piam thaj nce ntxiv; Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm uremia, cov ntsiab lus ntawm residual nitrogen nce. Thaum cov qaub ncaug hloov pauv, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kho hniav thiab kev zom zaub mov nce ntxiv.
Secretion
Feem ntau, txog li ob litres ntawm cov qaub ncaug raug tso tawm hauv ib hnub hauv ib tus neeg laus, thaum lub sijhawm tso tawm tsis sib xws: thaum pw tsaug zog nws tsawg (tsawg dua 0.05 milliliters ib feeb), thaum tsaug zog - txog 0.5 milliliters ib feeb., nrog stimulation ntawm salivation - ib feeb mus txog 2, 3 milliliters. Qhov zais cia zais cia los ntawm txhua lub caj pas yog sib xyaw rau hauv ib qho khoom hauv lub qhov ncauj. Cov kua hauv qhov ncauj (los yog cov qaub ncaug sib xyaw) yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj cov microflora mus tas li, muaj cov kab mob, spirochetes, fungi, lawv cov khoom metabolic, nrog rau cov qaub ncaug (leukocytes uas tsiv mus rau hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav feem ntau los ntawm cov pos hniav) thiab deflated. epithelial hlwb. Cov qaub ncaug, ntxiv rau, suav nrog tawm ntawm qhov ntswg kab noj hniav, hnoos qeev, qe ntshav liab.
Txoj kev nqhis dej
Salivation yog tswj los ntawm lub paj hlwb autonomic. Nws cov chaw yog nyob rau hauv lub medulla oblongata. Ntawmstimulation ntawm parasympathetic xaus, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov qaub ncaug yog tsim, uas muaj ib tug tsawg protein cov ntsiab lus. Conversely, sympathetic stimulation ua rau lub secretion ntawm ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm viscous kua.
Salivation txo qis vim kev ntshai, kev ntxhov siab, lub cev qhuav dej, yuav luag nres thaum tus neeg tsaug zog. Kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm kev sib cais tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm gustatory thiab olfactory stimuli thiab los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab khaus uas tsim los ntawm cov khoom noj loj thaum zom.
