Lub zog ntawm pom lub teeb hluav taws xob, uas kwv yees los ntawm kev hnov ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag thiab ntsuas hauv lumens, yog lub luminous flux. Nov yog lub zog uas lub teeb ci muab.
wavelength
Lub teeb ci xa hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tawm. Lub luminous flux yog lawv qhov ceev, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub zog ntawm lub teeb ci ntawm ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Tib neeg lub qhov muag pom lub zog ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej ntawm ntau txoj kev. Lub wavelength ntawm 0.55 microns nyob rau hauv ntsuab yog perceived ntau zog tshaj nyob rau hauv liab nrog ib tug wavelength ntawm 0.63 microns. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm ultraviolet thiab infrared hluav taws xob, peb lub qhov muag tsis muaj zog.
Yog vim li cas lub wavelength tseem ceeb heev rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb flux. Noj mus rau hauv tus account lub susceptibility rau lub qhov muag, summing lub wavelengths, peb tau txais ib tug normalized tus nqi. Lub luminous flux yog tus qauv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog, uas yog kwv yees vim qhov kev xav ntawm lub teeb. Xaiv rau nws tus kheej ib qhov chaw ntawm lub teeb lub zog, ib tug neeg ua raws li nws lub zog sib npaug. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tau hloov cov teeb incandescent nrog LED sawv daws yuav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xam lub zog ntawm lub teeb flux.
Yuav ua li cas
Luminous flux yogqhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev. Nrog rau yav dhau los nees nkaum-volt incandescent teeb, nws yog 250 lm. Raws nraim tib yam luminous flux ntawm LED teeb tuaj yeem muab ob lossis peb watts, thiab fluorescent - nrog tsib mus rau xya. Yog li, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm LED teeb yog ntau tshaj qhov pom tseeb.
Thov hais tias peb xav tau 400 lm lub teeb ci. Lub teeb incandescent yuav tsum yog plaub caug watts, lub teeb fluorescent tej zaum yuav muaj kaum rau kaum peb watts, thiab LED teeb tsuas yog plaub lossis tsib. Los yog, piv txwv li, peb xav tau lub zog luminous flux ntawm lub teeb - 2500 lm. Lub teeb incandescent tsis tuaj yeem tsawg dua ob puas watts hauv qhov no, lub teeb fluorescent - tsuas yog rau caum lossis yim caum watts, thiab LED thiab txawm tias tsawg dua - tsuas yog nees nkaum tsib lossis peb caug.
Dab tsi yog lub teeb
Lub zog noj ntawm txhua lub teeb yog ntsuas hauv watts (W). Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, piv txwv li, LED teeb los ntawm ib mus rau kaum watts yog siv, thiab rau sab nraum zoov teeb pom kev zoo lawv xav tau ntau haib dua - muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas watts. Tab sis koj yuav tsum paub tias lub hwj chim ntawm lub teeb qhia tsuas yog tus nqi ntawm lub zog noj xwb, nws tsis yog raws li lub tswv yim ntawm lub teeb siv.
Ntawm no tsuas yog ib chav tsev ntawm luminous flux tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib lossis lwm qhov, uas yog qhov sib txawv kiag li. Nws ntsuas tsis nyob rau hauv watts, tab sis nyob rau hauv lumens. Tsis yog txhua tus tsim teeb pom kev zoo muaj cov ntsuas no kom raug. Piv txwv li, ib daim ntawv ntawm lub pob: lub luminous flux ntawm 280 lm rau plaub-watt LED teeb, uas yog sib npaug rau tsib caug-watt teeb.incandescent. Peb saib ntawm lub rooj: qhov kawg luminous flux tsis yog 280 kiag li, tab sis tag nrho 560 lm yuav tsum yog. Ua li cas?
Kev suav
Chav tsev ntawm luminous flux lumen yog sib npaug rau cov flux tawm los ntawm lub cev dub kiag li nrog thaj tsam ntawm 0.5305 mm2 ntawm qhov kub thiab txias - 1773 ° C Piv txwv li, thaum platinum hardens. Qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb yog qhov ceev ntawm lub luminous flux nyob rau hauv lub spatial kev txiav txim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau xav txog yuav ua li cas lub luminous flux correlates nrog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lub kaum sab xis (thiab cov khoom lub kaum sab xis yog ib feem ntawm qhov chaw uas tag nrho cov rays converge). Yog li: chav tsev ntawm luminous siv tsis yog ib lub lumen, tab sis ib tug candela.
illumination yog dab tsi? Qhov no tuaj yeem hu ua qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntawm lub luminous flux uas ntog ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov loj me ntawm qhov chaw ci ntsa iab, qhov chaw uas nws yog qhov cuam tshuam. Illumination kuj muaj nws tus kheej ntsuas ntsuas, thiab qhov no yog dua tsis lumens. Thiab tsis txawm candela. Qhov no yog ib chav suite (lx). Yuav ua li cas ib tug lux yuav muab sib npaug zos rau yog hais tias lub luminous flux yog sib npaug zos rau ib lumen faib tusyees tshaj ib cheeb tsam ntawm ib square meter? But: 1 Lx \u003d 1 Lm / 1m2.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Lub teeb ntws tuaj yeem sib txawv qhov ci thiab luminosity (luminosity). Qhov ci ntsa iab yog qhov sib luag ntawm cov ntom ntom ntawm lub teeb siv thiab nws piv rau thaj chaw lumined los ntawm lub dav hlau taug kev mus rau cov kev taw qhia no. Chav tsev ntawm ci ntsa iab yog suav tias yog ib lub candela ib square meter (1 cd / m 2).
Luminance (los yog luminosity) yog qhov ceevluminous flux emitted los ntawm illuminated nto. Nws yog ib txwm sib npaug rau cov luminous flux txheeb ze rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw no. Luminosity kuj muaj nws chav tsev, nws yog 1 lm / m 2.
Illumination Uniformity
Lub luminous flux siv qhov tseem ceeb yog ib txoj hauv kev uas tso cai rau koj los laij qhov sib xws ntawm kev teeb pom kev zoo ntawm txhua qhov chaw kab rov tav, tsis hais hom luminaires. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog tias cov coefficient yog xam rau txhua chav, suav nrog nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav. Cov no yog cov kev suav siv sijhawm ntau, tsis txawv ntawm qhov tseeb txaus, txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no tau siv dav thaum npaj teeb pom kev zoo sab hauv tsev.
Lub ntim ntawm chav ib txwm muaj qee qhov chaw uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam lub teeb flux los ntawm qhov chaw. Cov no yog cov phab ntsa, qab nthab, pem teb, rooj tog lossis khoom siv hauv chav. Txhua qhov chaw muaj qhov sib txawv, nrog tus nqi siab dua lossis tsawg dua. Nws tuaj yeem suav cov teeb pom kev zoo yam tsis tau suav nrog cov kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam nrog qhov yuam kev loj.
Kev txiav txim part
Ua ntej, lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo raug xaiv, hom teeb pom kev zoo raug xaiv rau ib chav tsev tshwj xeeb - thaj chaw lossis chaw ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd suav nrog. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los txiav txim seb tus naj npawb ntawm fixtures. Kev suav ua ntu zus tuaj yeem ua raws li cov qauv no:
1. Kev xaiv qhov systemteeb pom kev zoo.
2. Kev ncaj ncees ntawm normalization nyob rau hauv lub illumination ntawm cov khoom no.
3. Xaiv qhov teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws.
4. Xaiv hom teeb pom kev zoo.
5. Kev kwv yees ntawm lub teeb pom kev nyab xeeb thiab nws cov coefficient tsis sib xws.
6. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw hauv chav.
7. Chav ntsuas ntsuas.
8. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov coefficient hauv kev siv luminous flux.
9. Kev suav cov naj npawb ntawm fixtures uas yuav muab qhov yuav tsum tau illumination ntawm cov khoom.
10. Sketching qhov chaw ntawm fixtures siv lub hauv pem teb txoj kev npaj (teev qhov ntev).
Teeb pom kev zoo
Nws yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb los xam cov teeb pom kev ua haujlwm, vim nws feem ntau ua ke. Piv txwv li, hauv khw muag khoom, teeb pom kev hauv zos ib leeg raug txwv los ntawm txoj cai. Lub teeb pom kev zoo raug xaiv raws li qhov me me ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, uas yog, lav qhov tseeb ntawm txhua qhov kev pom kev ua haujlwm uas yuav ua rau sab hauv tsev.
Cov qauv siv ntawm no: kev ua haujlwm txij thawj mus rau qib thib rau yog ua tiav nrog lub teeb pom kev ua ke. Cov no yog mechanical rhiav, cuab yeej rhiav, sib dhos rhiav, thiab lwm yam. Tsuas yog hauv kev lag luam xws li electroplating lossis foundries tuaj yeem siv cov teeb pom kev dav dav. Yog li ntawd, lawv xaiv qhov system thiab cov qauv ntawm kev teeb pom kev zoo tib lub sijhawm.
Ntawm illumination
Teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntau thiab zootxiav txim siab nruj raws li cov qauv tsim thiab ruaj khov rau kev tsim khoom thiab hom haujlwm.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws rau txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nyob ntawm seb hom kev ua haujlwm pom, qhov sib piv thiab keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov khoom hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo. Cov qeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom (ntau yam), nws ib feem lossis qhov tsis xws luag ntawm nws, uas tus neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum kuaj xyuas thiab paub qhov txawv ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Lub teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov ci ntsa iab thiab flicker.
Light sources: pros and cons
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab qhov tsis muaj rau kev xaiv kev lag luam thiab tib lub sijhawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg lub teeb? Ntau yam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev txiav txim siab, xws li: kev npaj daws teeb meem, architectural, lub tsev tsis muaj, huab cua ib puag ncig thiab nws cov mob, kev xav txog nyiaj txiag thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tsim. Tus tsim qauv tsim teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, suav nrog ntau qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev suav.
Piv txwv li, cov roj teeb incandescent tsis yog kev lag luam, lawv tsis muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo, lub emission spectrum distorted, lawv kub heev thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm thiab sai sai. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov nqi qis heev, lawv yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab yog li ntawd rau cov chav uas tib neeg nyob ib ntus, tsev neeg thiab lwm yam, cov teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem pom zoo. Luminescent sawv daws tsuas muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo, lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, kev tsim cov xim zoo nkauj,tsis muaj cua sov. Tab sis cov teeb zoo li no kim heev thiab xav tau cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej ua rau lub teeb fluorescent yog qhov nyuaj heev, lawv qee zaum flicker thiab ua suab nrov, thiab lawv cov khoom pov tseg yog teeb meem.
