Tam sim no, niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tus neeg uas tsis tau hnov dab tsi txog Unified State Exam, lossis Unified State Examination. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev sim no tau tham txog ntau xyoo - hauv TV, hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Wb tham txog lawv, tab sis ua ntej, cia saib keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
Thaum siv tau qhia
Tsawg tus neeg paub, tab sis thawj qhov kev xeem tau rov qab rau xyoo 2001. Muaj tseeb, qhov kev sim tsis tau npog tag nrho lub tebchaws, tab sis tsuas yog ob peb lub tebchaws: Yakutia, Chuvashia thiab Mari El. Nws kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv ob cheeb tsam: Rostov thiab Samara. Xyoo tom ntej, qhov kev nthuav dav ntxiv - tam sim no USE tau tuav hauv kaum rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia. Txhua xyoo cov cheeb tsam tau nce: 47 hauv 2003, 65 hauv 2004. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, los ntawm 2006 cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm 79 cheeb tsam ntawm lub tebchaws tau xeem, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd lawv cov lej tau tshaj li ib lab - ib qho kev xeem tau qhia thoob plaws hauv Lavxias.
Yog tias txij xyoo 2001 txog 2008 cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Ministry of Education hauv txhua cheeb tsam tau tsim cov npe kawm,them los ntawm USE nws tus kheej, tom qab ntawd nws tau pom zoo los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm nws tus kheej.
Kev Xeem Sib Koom Tes yog dab tsi
Qhov tseeb, qhov kev xeem yog kev xeem tsis tu ncua. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais ib daim ntawv teev cov lus nug thiab yuav tsum xaiv cov lus teb kom raug, qhia lawv hauv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Cov lus teb tau txais tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov qhab nia hauv cov kev kawm dhau los thaum kawg ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab muab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm theem nrab, tab sis kuj suav tias yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb rau kev nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm qib siab. Muaj tseeb tiag, hauv qee lub tsev kawm ntawv, muab qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm USE, koj yuav tsum tau sau ib tsab ntawv (piv txwv li, thaum nkag mus rau kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev sau xov xwm) thiab dhau qee qhov kev xeem.
Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov neeg kawm tiav kom dhau qhov Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev hauv Lavxias, nrog rau lej (muaj cov kev xaiv yooj yim thiab profile). Nws tseem tuaj yeem xaiv qhov kev xeem hauv cov kev kawm xws li chemistry, keeb kwm, physics, computer science, biology, social studies, ntawv nyeem, geography thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb raug xaiv nyob ntawm seb lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab twg cov tub ntxhais kawm npaj yuav nkag mus, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm USE.
Rules
Qhov kev xeem muaj nyob rau hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau cov lus nug kom txog rau thaum kawg tseem tsis tau paub txawm tias cov neeg ua qhov kev sim - cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj raug tshem tawm ntawm cov neeg muaj cai tam sim ua ntej muab faib rau cov neeg kawm tiav.
Ua ke nrog kev sau, cov neeg soj ntsuam tau txais ib daim ntawv - lawv yuav tsum tau sau lawv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntawv thaiv, nrog raukos cov lus teb uas tus tub kawm pom tias yog lawm.
Qhov kev tshwm sim tau saib xyuas nruj heev: ntau yam khoom siv tau siv, cov neeg soj ntsuam tau siv los ntawm lwm thaj chaw. Kev sim dag, siv cov ntawv dag, hu rau phooj ywg lossis nrhiav cov lus teb hauv Is Taws Nem tam sim ntawd ua rau qhov tseeb tias qhov kev xeem rau ib tus neeg raug txiav, nws raug rho tawm ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.
Rating
Hais txog USE, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm nws, nws tsim nyog sau cia qhov kev muab qhab nia nyuaj heev: nws yuav tsum tau ua ntej txhawm rau txhawm rau ua tiav daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm theem nrab.
Cov qhabnias theem pib thiab xeem yog siv rau kev muab qhab nia. Qhov qhab nia xeem siab tshaj plaws yog ib puas. Thawj qhov yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib qho kev sim uas siv ib coefficient. Thiab rau cov ncauj lus sib txawv, nws tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Piv txwv li, xyoo 2011, rau kev xeem lus Lavxias, 30 tus qhab nia thawj zaug tau sib npaug rau 49 cov qhab nia xeem, thaum nyob rau hauv lej, txhawm rau kom tau 49 cov qhab nia xeem, nws txaus kom tau 10 tus thawj.
Tau kawg, qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem suav, ua rau muaj qhov ua yuam kev, tab sis tseem ua rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis meej pem, uas twb tsis meej pem thiab ntshai los ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej.
Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev xeem.
Cov txiaj ntsig muaj peev xwm
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog lub sijhawm rau cov neeg kawm tiav kom xeem dhau ib qho kev xeem - nwscoj mus rau hauv tus account ob qho tag nrho ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab thaum nkag mus rau universities. Nws yooj yim heev, vim tias ua ntej qhov kev taw qhia ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev, lawv yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog xeem hauv tsev kawm ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj mus rau qhov chaw txais tos ntawm lub koom haum xaiv kom rov ua tiav cov txheej txheem nyob ntawd.
Hauv kev xav, kev taw qhia ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Lub Xeev yuav tsum tsis suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau "los ntawm rub" - cov ntsiab lus hais rau lawv tus kheej, thiab tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais kawm txawj ntse uas tau qhab nia ntau dua cov lus teb tuaj yeem suav rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Alas, hauv kev xyaum nws tau hloov pauv txawv heev - qee cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais cov lus teb kom raug raws sijhawm lossis txawm tias lawv raug tso cai siv xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov ntawv dag thaum lub sijhawm xeem.
Thaum dhau qhov kev xeem, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yog ua raws li 100-point scale, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv classic 4-point scale. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua los kos kab ntawm qhov ncaj A's, ze A's, thiab overachievers.
Ua tsaug rau ib tus qauv, nws yooj yim dua los sib piv kev ua tau zoo hauv ntau lub nroog thiab cheeb tsam.
Qhov no yog qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab los xaus. Tab sis, txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev thiab OGE (Lub Xeev Xeem Xeem, coj tom qab kawm tiav qib 9), nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los tham txog qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb.
Pom meej qhov tsis zoo
Txoj kev noj nyiaj txiag uas vam meej hauv ib puag ncig no twb tau hais lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no tsis muaj sijhawm los xaiv cov tub ntxhais kawm tsim nyog los ntawm cov neeg thov - muaj daim ntawv pov thawj nrog cov qhab nia siab hauv lawv txhais tes,txawm tias ib tug neeg uas pom tseeb tias tsis muaj lub siab xav tau yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Muaj tseeb tiag, qee zaum lawv raug tso cai los txheeb xyuas cov kev xeem ntxiv, cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv sau - qhov no tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm USE, tab sis nws tso cai rau koj nthuav dav thaj tsam ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam.
Tab sis, raws li ntau tus kws tshaj lij, qhov phem dua yog qhov kev sim tshiab yog tua cov kev kawm uas twb muaj lawm. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov zoo ntawm kev xeem dhau qhov kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag (lej, chemistry, physics) tseem tuaj yeem sib cav, ces qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev xeem hauv lus Askiv, keeb kwm thiab ntawv nyeem yuav nyiam tom kawg. Tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis tas yuav paub tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv - nws txaus los nco ntsoov qee qhov tseeb, uas ua rau muaj kev paub ntau yam ntawm cov kev kawm.
Kuj, hauv qee yam kev kawm, xws li kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo, muaj cov lus nug tsis sib haum xeeb uas tsis muaj cov lus teb meej - thaum lub sijhawm kuaj qhov ncauj, tus neeg thov kev txawj ntse yuav yooj yim pom nws qhov kev xav, thiab thaum kuaj, nws yuav tsum tsuas ntxoov ib lo lus teb, vam koob hmoov.
Sandals related to the exam
Tau kawg, tham txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm USE, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis hais txog ntau qhov kev thuam cuam tshuam nrog nws.
Piv txwv li, hauv xyoo 2010, nyob rau ntau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws (Rostov thiab Perm cheeb tsam, koom pheej ntawm Dagestan), ntau pua tus kws qhia ntawv raug ntes sim kom xeem dhau cov tub ntxhais kawm, tau txais khoom plig rau qhov no.
Nyob rau xyoo 2013, cov kawm tiav hauv Far East tau tshaj tawm hauv Is Taws Nem cov ntawv nrog cov lus teb uas lawv tuaj yeem ua taucoj kom zoo dua ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm lwm cheeb tsam - vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sij hawm.
Ntau zaus, cov kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv yws yws tias ntawm cov neeg thov tuaj ntawm Caucasian koom pheej, ntau tus tau qhab nia siab hauv Lavxias, tab sis lawv tsis paub sau ntawv kom raug, thiab qee zaum lawv tsuas yog tsis hais lus xwb.
